Tim's Honors Ethics Final Questions Test 1&2

Aristotle opened the Academy

False

Aristotle's four causes are called the four pillars of justice

False

Gyges was a sophist

False

Hesiod and Homer gave identical views concerning our ethical foundations

False

Kant saw a necessary tie between morality and religion

False

Mill introduced the idea of quantity rather than quality to utilitarian ethics

False

Objectivity in ethics means that morality is relative to each of us

False

One objection to deontology is that it's not an objective theory

False

The fourth pillar of justice is called the final cause

False

To act according to duty is both right and praiseworthy

False

"There is no truth"

Gorgias

Ethical nihilism or the position that there are no moral truths was put forth by whom

Gorgias

Which is not a class in the perfect city?

Governors

"I found a ring of invisibility and I will use it to kill the king and take over the kingdom"

Gyges

According to Aristotle which is the proper end for humans?

Happiness

All events are cause so there can be no such thing as free will is an explanation of which type of determinism?

Hard

Purposely shutting a book on an innocent person's hand is best described by which type of action?

Immoral

"Compared to your mother and father and all the rest of your ancestors your country is something far more precious, more venerable, more sacred, and held in greater honor both among gods and among all reasonable men"

Laws

Who does Socrates believe will be harmed most if he leaves with Crito?

Laws

The term prima facie can be translated to mean?

On the surface

"Man is the measure of all things" relates to what ethical theory best?

Relativism

Which type of moral luck acts as retrospective justification?

Resultant

Which type of moral luck was said to benefit Gauguin and be a detriment to Anna?

Resultant

Which application of the categorical imperative gives the imperfect duties?

Reversibility

Which does not describe the Forms as laid out by Plato?

Sensed

Which is not a class in the perfect soul?

Senses

"The really important thing is not to live, but to live well"

Socrates

The Good will is the will that acts...

From Duty

According to Kant, the type of knowledge which can provide an objective morality is rational also known as?

A priori

Kant believed that morality should be defined by looking at?

Act

Which type of utilitarianism examines moral situations case by case?

Act

Pick the two forms of utilitarianism

Act and Rule

Shutting a book is best described by which type of action?

Amoral

"We look at people and reward them based on character, and that is the reason to be virtuous"

Anscombe

A cognitivist may admit that beating elderly women is wrong

True

A non-cognitivist cannot admit that beating an elderly woman is wrong

True

Anscombe believed that our needs are dependent on our wants

True

Both Mill and Kant refer to a version of the Golden Rule in their ethical theories

True

Who encouraged dropping moral language in favor of language based in virtues?

Anscombe

In which dialogue did Socrates defend himself against charges of corrupting the youth and worshiping false gods?

Apology

Judge Counterfactual not getting assigned the case in which a bribe was offered thus appearing to be just is an example of which kind of luck?

Circumstantial

Match up Plato's tripartite city with the corresponding parts to the tripartite soul, and the virtues that go along with them

Citizens - Eros - Temperance Guardians - Thumos - Courage Rulers - Logos - Wisdom

Mill believed that morality should be defined by looking at?

Consequences

What luck is luck based on the personal character of the moral agent?

Constitutive

Another name for Kant's Non-consequentialism is...

Deontology

Which ethical theory never justifies an "immoral" act?

Deontology

Which is not part of the philosophical approach toward studying ethics?

Descriptive

Cicero's "De Officiis" was an early display of casuist thinking

True

Consistency in the categorical imperative gives perfect duties

True

In the sinking of the William Brown, the deontological choice would have been some type of "shared disaster"

True

Initially Crito encouraged Socrates to escape from prison, and save himself from the death penalty

True

Plato believed that what held your desk and the desk next to you in common is that they both participate in the Form of Desk

True

Two approaches to studying morality are called scientific and philosophical

True

Which principle promotes acting so as to produce the greatest good for the greatest number?

Utilitarianism

An "if, then" imperative is called?

Hypothetical

Which virtue best exemplifies the main topic of the Republic?

Justice

"Man is the measure of all things"

Protagoras

Who taught that "man is the measure of all things"?

Protagoras

Which position promotes the idea of objective moral truths?

Absolutism

Which is said to be acting in the interest of others?

Altruism

"The best ends are ends in themselves, not for the gain of something else"

Aristotle

Due to the idea that ethics is not an exact science, who first endorsed a casuistic type understanding of morality?

Aristotle

An ethical position that is not dependent on anything and true for all times all for all people is?

Categorical

Which type of moral luck leads us to scientific determinism?

Causal

"What could be more contemptible than to get a name for thinking more of money than of your friends? One has to think of popular opinion...take my advice and be reasonable"

Crito

What is defined as a state of well-being?

Eudaimonia

What seemed to be Crito's main reason for getting Socrates to escape?

His Reputation

Who had the most direct influence on John Stuart Mill?

Jeremy Bentham

Which philosopher issued the use of maxims in order to test ethical questions?

Kant

Who believed that "a person's moral worth depends on the quality of their will, independent of external circumstances"?

Kant

"I love the sun but don't have the time to get a good tan and keep it year-round, so I am a huge fan of tanning products"

Kim Kardashian

"You have corrupted the youth by teaching them to not honor the gods that the city recognizes"

Meletus

Which type of philosophical approach investigates the meaning of moral judgement?

Metha-ethics

Who tried to show that Moral terms cannot be defined without confusing natural terms with non-natural terms thus committing a fallacy?

Moore

The ethical theory promoted by Aristotle and Plato is called

Moral Realism

What is the name of the fallacy described in the question above?

Naturalistic

W. D. Ross is first and foremost a...

Non-consequentialist

Which branch of ethics applies standards of right and wrong?

Normative

Treating people as ends and never purely as means is which type of imperative?

Practical

Define and explain the difference between psychological egoism and ethical egoism

Psychological egoism is the view that all persons without exception seek their own self-interest. Ethical egoism is the view that recognizes that perhaps not all persons seek their own self-interest but they should do so.

"Justice is in the interest of the stronger party"

Thrasymachus

Which is not an example of Plato's early dialogues?

Timaeus