Topic Test Review
How does culture affect learning?
A culture creates context for behavior through the reinforcements and punishments it provides for each discrete behavior. By shaping behaviors, cultures reaffirm acceptable behavior and discourage deviant behavior. Cultures shape behaviors through the unique reinforcements and punishments available to social interactions, including attention and fame as reinforcement and shunning and exile as punishments.
An individual who is observing and evaluating one's goal-oriented performance is demonstrating which phase of the self-regulation cycle? A. self-reflection B. performance C. forethought D. goal accomplishment
A
Self-observation involves which of the following? A. identifying strengths and weaknesses associated with one's performance B. evaluating the effectiveness of one's strategy used to accomplish the goal C. responding to evaluations concerning one's performance D. adjusting ineffective regulation strategies that occurred during performance
A
What did Rescorla discover with his experiments in cognitive learning? A. The ability of a stimulus to predict a consequence affects its ability to shape behavior. B. Responses to stimuli only occur if more than one stimulus predicts a consequence. C. Stimuli will have similar effects on behavior no matter how far apart they occur from signals. D. Punishments, such as low-voltage shocks, cannot be paired with positive reinforcements.
A
A social learning theorist believes that cognition is __________. A. unimportant to explaining behavioral outcomes and processes B. one of the keys to understanding behavioral outcomes C. used only before conditioning takes place D. capable of being directly observed, tested, and verified
B
Preparedness is often linked to the concept of __________. A. latent learning B. superstitions C. phobias D. learned helplessness
C
Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Gary has frequently suffered from stereotype threat in the past. Now, whenever he takes a test, he does not feel concerned if he does poorly. Instead, he uses his social network to bolster his self-esteem. Based on the information above, what phenomenon related to stereotype threat has Gary been affected by? A. decreased self-efficacy B. assessment anxiety C. disidentification D. self-handicapping
C
According to research involving observational learning, violent media tends to make observers behave __________. A. less assertively B. more assertively C. less aggressively D. more aggressively
D
Self-reaction is a process that occurs during the forethought phase of self-regulation. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
F
Stereotype threat affects only minority groups. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
F
When designing a program to decrease unwanted behavior one should establish a reinforcer that is administered when unwanted behavior is increased. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
F
If environmental triggers cannot be avoided or modified, they may make it difficult to extinguish a behavior. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
T
In order to replicate behavior, one must retain it in memory. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
T
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to accomplish tasks. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
T
Superstitious behavior is a phenomenon that breaks traditional rules of conditioning. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F
T