Torso and Upper Limb Muscles
latissimus dorsi
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder; also draws the arm inferiorly and posteriorly
flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexes and adducts wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts wrist
erector spinae group
3 columns of muscle; extends from sacrum to ribs; extends vertebral column
muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum
3 layers of muscles and fasciae that span pelvic outlet; penetrated by anal canal, urethra, and vagina; supports everything above it
supraspinatus
Abducts arm; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles
teres major
Assists the extension of the humerus, medially rotates the humerus, helps rotate the scapula downward
extensor carpi radialis
Extends wrist and abducts hand
infraspinatus
Laterally rotates shoulder; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles
interossei
abduction and adduction of the fingers
internal oblique
anteriorly and upwardly located; laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column
lumbricals
assist the extensor digitorum in extending the fingers and wrist; intrinsic hand muscles
coracobrachialis
assists in flexion and adduction of humerus
serratus posterior inferior
depresses ribs 9-12 during forced exhalation
serratus posterior superior
elevates ribs 2-5 during inspiration
external intercostals
extend downward and anteriorly from rib to rib; pull rib cage up and outward during inspiration; the "yo muscles"
internal intercostals
extend upward and anteriorly from rib to rib; pull rib cage downward during forced
extensor digitorum
extends the fingers and the wrist
flexor carpiradialis
flexes and abducts wrist
palmaris longus
flexes wrist
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes wrist and middle phalanges (2-5)
pectoralis major
flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder
levator scapulae
from C1-C4 to superior angle of scapula; elevates the scapula and rotates its inferior angle medially
rhomboids major and minor
from C7-T1 to medial border of scapula; work with the levator scapulae muscles to elevate the medial border of the scapula, downwardly rotating the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint
transverse abdominis
horizontal fiber orientation; deepest layer of abdomen
quadratus lumborum
ilium (point of origin) to 12th rib (point of insertion); provides lateral bending (flexion)
trapezius
inserts on clavicle and spine of scapula; elevates, depresses, rotates, and retracts the scapula
teres minor
laterally rotates arm; stabilizes shoulder joint; rotator cuff muscle
subscapularis
medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; rotator cuff muscle
diaphram
muscular dome between thoracic and abdominal cavities; muscle fascicles extend to a fibrous central tendon; contraction flattens it
triceps brachii
prime extensor of forearm; inserts on ulna
deltoid
prime mover of flexion, extension and adbuction of humerus
biceps brachii
principle flexor of arm; inserts on radius
brachialis
principle flexor of arm; inserts on ulna
pronator quadratus
pronates forearm
pronator teres
pronates forearm
hiatal hernia
protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the umbilicus (navel)
carpal tunnel syndrome
repetitive motions cause inflammation and pressure on median nerve
serratus anterior
ribs 1-9 to medial border of scapula; abducts and rotates or depresses scapula; throwing muscles
pectoralis minor
ribs 3-5 to coracoid process of scapula; protracts and depresses scapula; lifts ribs during inspiration
external oblique
superficial, downward, and anteriorly located on the body; laterally flexes and rotates vertebra column
supinator
supinates forearm
brachioradialis
synergist in forearm flexion; inserts on radius
inguinal hernia
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
semispinalis group
vertebrae to vertebrae; extends neck
multifidis
vertebrae to vertebrae; rotates vertebral column
rectus abdominis
vertical, strap-like; tendinous intersections divide each rectus into four bellies; flexor of vertebral column