TOUR 110 QUIZ 1

Tourism Industry Trends

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2016 Top Spenders (US$ billion)

1. China 2. USA 3. Germany 4. United Kingdom 5. France 6. Australia 7. Canada 8. Republic of Korea 9. Italy 10. ? 11. Russian Federation

2017 Top Spenders (US$ billion)

1. China (US$ 257.7 billion) 2. USA (US$ 135 billion) 3. Germany (US$ 89.1 billion) 4. United Kingdom (US$ 71.4 billion) 5. France (US$ 41.4 billion) 6. Australia (US$ 34.2 billion) 7. Canada (US$ 31.8 billion) 8. Russian Federation (US$ 31.1 billion) 9. Republic of Korea (US$ 30.6 billion) 10. Italy (US$ 27.7 billion)

History and Development of Tourism (Western Timeline)

1. Classical Period 2. Medieval Period 3. Renaissance and Reformation 4. Industrialization 5. WWI and WWII 6. Post-war 7. Future Tourism

ICAO Goals

1. Enhance global civil aviation safety and security (rules of airspace, aircraft registration, protocols for air accident investigation) 2. Increase the capacity and improve the efficiency of the global civil aviation system (air navigation standards, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation) 3. Minimize the adverse environmental effects of civil aviation activities

PATA Goals

1. Enhance the sustainable growth, value and quality of travel and tourism to-from-and-within the region 2. Provide leadership and counsel on an individual and collective basis to its member organizations 3. Contribute to the sustainable and responsible development of travel and tourism in Asia Pacific through the protection of the environment, the conservation of heritage and support for education

Rank of Continents based on Tourist Arrivals and Tourist Exports

1. Europe Arrivals: 713 million (+6%) Exports: US$ 571 million (+5%) 2. Asia and the Pacific Arrivals: 345 million (+6%) Exports: US$ 433 million (+7%) 3. Americas Arrivals: 217 million (+3%) Exports: US$ 333 million (+0%) 4. Africa Arrivals: 67 million (+7%) Exports: US$ 38 million (+1%) 5. Middle East Arrivals: 60 million (+4%) Exports: US$ 73 million (+3%)

Outbound tourism, share by region of origin (%)

1. Europe (48%) 2. Asia and the Pacific (25%) 3. Americas (17%) 4. Middle East (3%) 5. Africa (3%) 6. Origin not specified (4%)

2016 World's Top Tourist Destinations

1. France 2. USA 3. Spain 4. China 5. Italy 6. United Kingdom 7. Germany 8. Mexico 9. Thailand 10. Turkey

2017 World's Top Tourist Destinations

1. France (86.9 million) 2. Spain (81.8 million) 3. USA (76.9 million) 4. China (60.7 million) 5. Italy (58.3 million) 6. Mexico (39.3 million) 7. United Kingdom (37.7 million) 8. Turkey (37.6 million) 9. Germany (37.5 million) 10. Thailand (35.4 million)

WTTC Goals

1. Freedom to travel: smarter visa processes, more visa waiver agreements and trusted traveller programs 2. Policies for growth: planning and investing in appropriate infrastructure and creating a tax regime which allows the private sector to be competitive 3. Tourism for tomorrow: researches, reports, and forums The Global Travel and Tourism Summit

Top Travel Trends for 2019

1. Homeware hotels 2. Family travel: nomadic sabbaticals 3. Group travel: exclusive home rental 4. Couple's travel: intrepid journeys 5. Solo travel: co-living 6. Spa: CBD treatments 7. Eco: zero leftovers 8. Tech: cryptocurrency bookings (bitcoin, litecoin, ethereum) 9. Accessories: low-footprint trainers 10. Transport: biometric airports 11. Begpacking

Top Inbound Markets

1. Korea Arrivals: 1.58 million 22.28% share 2. China Arrivals: 1.25 million 17.61% share 3. USA Arrivals 1.03 million 14.51% share

UNWTO Goals

1. Mainstreaming tourism in the global agenda 2. Improving tourism competitiveness 3. Promoting sustainable tourism development 4. Advancing tourism's contribution to poverty reduction and development 5. Fostering knowledge, education, and capacity building 6. Building partnerships

Philippine Tourism Industry

1. Pre-colonial Period 2. Colonial Period 3. Post-colonial Period

IATA Goals

1. Represent, lead, and serve the airline industry 2. Safely facilitate movement of persons and goods from any point on the world air network; commercial airline accreditation 3. Performs trade association services and tariff coordination (passenger fares, cargo rated, and related conditions and charges)

2016 ASEAN International Tourist Arrivals (1000) and Receipts (million US$)

1. Thailand Arrivals: 29,923 Receipts: 44,992 2. Malaysia Arrivals: 25,721 Receipts: 17,584 3. Singapore Arrivals: 12,052 Receipts: 16,563 4. Indonesia Arrivals: 9,963 Receipts: 10,761 5. Vietnam Arrivals: 7,994 Receipts: 7,350 6. Philippines Arrivals: 5, 361 Receipts: 5,272 7. Cambodia Arrivals: 4,775 Receipts: 3,130 8. Laos Arrivals: 3,543 Receipts: 581

2017 ASEAN Statistics

1. Thailand - 35.6M 2. Malaysia - 25.9M 3. Singapore - 17.4M 4. Indonesia - 14.0M 5. Vietnam - 12.9M 6. Philippines - 6.6M 7. Cambodia - 5.6M 8. Lao PDR 3.9M

4 Stakeholders of Tourism

1. Tourists 2. Tourism businesses 3. Host community 4. Host government

2018 International Tourists

1.4 Billion

2018 Philippine Stats on Tourism

12.7% of Philippine GDP 5.4 million (estimated) 13% of Philippine employment National Tourism Expenditure: Php 3.3 trillion (21% increase from Php 2.6 trillion)

Domestic Tourists

5-6 Billion

2018 World Population

7.7 billion

Conceptual Definition (Jafari)

Tourism is the study of man away from his usual habitat, of the industry which responds to his needs, and of the impacts that both he and the industry have on the host's socio-cultural, economic, and physical environment

Conceptual Definition (Goeldner & Ritchie)

Tourism may be defined as the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in attracting and hosting of visitors. It is a composite of activities, services, and industries that deliver a travel experience

Geographic Tourism System

Tourist Generating Regions <--Transit Routes--> Tourist Destination Regions ∙There is movement and duration ∙Not specifically transportation only ∙Can also be competitor destinations - other places that can potentially "steal" tourists

2018 International Tourist Exports

US$ 1.7 Trillion

Colonial Period

∙1521-1946 ∙Renaissance and Reformation to Post-war ∙Start of the "recorded" history of the Philippines (when Magellan discovered the Philippines) ∙Spain, USA, and Japan

Post-colonial Period

∙1952 ∙1956 ∙1973 ∙1976 ∙1993 ∙2000s ∙2009 ∙2011 ∙2012

Spanish Period

∙333 years ∙Philippines was nicknamed "Pearl of the Orient"

Recreation

∙Activities done for pleasure/relaxation

Classical Period

∙Aristotle introduced the philosophy of a leisure lifestyle - free men should engage in leisure for self-development (knowledge, music, sports) ∙Olympic Games started "sports tourism" ∙First forms of accommodations (encampments)

Pre-colonial Period

∙Before 1521 ∙Classical Period to Renaissance and Reformation

Post-war Period

∙Businesses bankrupt = business tourism ∙People displaced = VFR tourism ∙Travel for humanitarian purposes (volunteer work etc) ∙Jet aircrafts - more international tourism ∙Rise of mass tourism (not just for high status people) ∙Diverse forms of tourism marketing ∙Start of various tourism organizations

CAB

∙Civil Aeronautics Board ∙Regulates/liases with airlines ∙Regulate, promote, and develop the economic aspect of air transportation in the Philippines. Has supervision, jurisdiction, and control over all carriers engaged in air commerce in the Philippines as well as their property, equipment, franchise and facilities

CAAP

∙Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines ∙Similar to ICAO ∙Gives certification to pilots ∙Jurisdiction over the restructuring of the civil aviation system, the promotion, development, and regulation of the technical, operational, safety, and aviation security functions under the civil aviation authority

World War I, World War II

∙Development resulted to conflict of war: lessened international tourism, strong domestic tourism ∙More attention on the movement of citizens from one country to another = visas ∙Recognition of tourism as an industry ∙Recognition of the economic value of tourism ∙Travel guide books ∙Scenic flights over battlefields ∙Established the League of Nations ∙Holiday camps ∙Mass observation project ∙Proletarian tourism - tourism accessible to all classes ∙First commercial flight

DFPC

∙Duty Free Philippines Corporation ∙Operate the duty-free and tax-free merchandising system in the Philippines to augment the service facilities for tourists and to generate foreign exchange and revenue for the government

2011

∙EO 29: Pocket Open Skies - allowed international carriers to service in the Philippines and land in airports other than NAIA

Medieval Period

∙Fall of the Roman Empire led to nobility and knights ∙Christianity emerging in Europe led to crusades/pilgrimages (Canterbury Tales) ∙Colonization (Christopher Columbus, God Glory Gold) ∙Colonizers would spectate for the bidding of their monarchy ∙Festivals and events

Conceptual Definition

∙Focuses on processes, people, impacts ∙Does not end on the tourists, includes all that are involved

Technical Definition

∙For statistical purposes ∙To set a standard on what tourism is

Future Tourism

∙Growing sector of the "New Old" - part of the market aged 50+ who have the time, money, and physical ability to travel ∙New marriage and family trends - single parents, gay couples, adopted children, pets, etc. ∙Information technology ∙Environmental consciousness ∙Democratized tourism opportunities - more choices for people to travel to include the middle-lower class (seat sales, etc.) ∙New frontier: space travel (still very limited) ∙Virgin Galactic ∙Alternatives to space travel: zero gravity, orbiting the earth

Types of Tourism

∙Inbound ∙Domestic (within Region of Reference) ∙Outbound ∙Inbound + Outbound = International ∙Domestic + Inbound = Internal ∙Domestic + Outbound = National

IATA

∙International Air Transport Association (1945) ∙Focuses on the commercial side of aviation ∙Communicates with different airlines

ICAO

∙International Civil Aviation Organization ∙Established in 1944 due to the aviation industry ∙To standardize protocols for safety

IA

∙Intramuros Administration ∙In charge of the restoration, development, and promotion of Intramuros

2012

∙It's more fun in the Philippines ∙DOT Attached Agencies

Renaissance and Reformation

∙John Calvin: Protestant Work Ethic - no to leisure (Aristotle), yes to work led to industrialization ∙Grand Tour: coming of age/rite of passage for young men ∙Pursuit of culture, education, and pleasure scenic tourism ∙Bath, England: health remedies/cure spa resorts ∙Spas/public batch (usually in urban areas) ∙Precursor to health/wellness tourism

Leisure Spectrum Model

∙Leisure - at home ∙Recreation - no overnight stay ∙Tourism - 24 hours or more away from home ∙Philippines: go to a different LGU + overnight stay = tourism

NPDC

∙National Parks Development Committee ∙Develop, administer, and manage the Rizal Park in Ermita Manila, Paco Park in Manila Pook ni Maria Makiling Forest Park in Los Baños, Laguna

NTDP

∙National Tourism Development Plan ∙Harness the potential of tourism in the Philippines with the priority products

NPFI

∙Nayong Pilipino Foundation ∙Showcase Philippine culture ∙Undertake, promote, encourage, and initiate the development of projects in social sciences and humanities and established parks and recreation centers for the promorion of tourism and Philippine Art and Culture (EO 135)

Justin Trudeau visits the Philippines; tourist or not a tourist

∙Not a tourist ∙Diplomats have different passports and go through a different process when travelling ∙Until his term ends, wherever he goes he is not a tourist

PATA

∙Pacific Asia Travel Association (1951) ∙Makes reports, keeps track of tourism in the region

PATCO and PAL

∙Philippine Aerial Taxi Company Incorporated ∙Precursor to Philippine Airlines, Inc.

PCSSD

∙Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving ∙Provide standard basic dive rules to all levels or kinds of divers, regulate scuba sports and technical diving in the country, ensure the safety of the sport through the formulation of policies pursuant thereto, and regulate accredited scuba sports and technical diving establishments

PRA

∙Philippine Retirement Authority ∙Attract foreign nationals and former Filipino citizens to invest, reside, and retire in the Philippines with the end-view of accelerating the socio-economic development of the country, contributing to the foreign currency reserve of the economy and by providing them the best quality of life in the most attractive package

2000

∙President Arroyo ∙International travel affected because of 9/11, SARS ∙Philippines stayed afloat because of domestic travel ∙WOW Philippines campaign ∙Magic sing

1956

∙President Magsaysay ∙Government recognized tourism is a growing industry = BTTI ∙Board of Travel and Tourism Industry - regulatory body on policy making

1973

∙President Marcos ∙Department of Tourism (DOT) - oversees overall development of tourism ∙Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) - arm of the government assigned for developing tourism-related infrastructure ∙Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation (PCVC) - spearheads promotion ∙Philippines used to be marketed as a convention center (Ms Universe, Muhammad Ali fight, World Bank IMF host) = PICC, CCP, Roxas strip

1952

∙President Quirino ∙Private sector recognized tourism as economic = PTTA ∙Philippine Tourist and Travel Association - to record arrivals and promote tourism

1993

∙President Ramos ∙Implemented the Philippine Tourism Master Plan (plan started with President Cory Aquino)

2009

∙RA 9593: Tourism Act of 2009 - government wanted to pursue tourism development seriously = DOT restructured ∙National tourism development plan was required ∙PCVC --> TPB ∙PTA --> TIEZA

DOT Attached Agencies

∙TBP ∙TIEZA ∙DFPC ∙IA ∙NPDC ∙NPFI ∙PRA ∙PCSSD

TIEZA

∙Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority ∙Designate, regulate, and supervise Tourism Economic Zones, as well as develop, manage, and supervise tourism infrastructure projects in the country

TPB

∙Tourism Promotions Board ∙Market and promote the Philippines domestically and internationally as a major global tourism destination

UNTWO Definition of Tourism

∙Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes ∙Location - outside of the usual environment ∙Duration - less than one consecutive year, you have to go back ∙Purpose - leisure, business, other purposes, voluntary and no remuneration

1976

∙Tourism should be professionalized = AIT

Exo goes to the Philippines for a concert; tourist or not tourist

∙Tourist ∙No employee-employer contact (remuneration is made in Korea) ∙They are still singers even if they do not go to the Philippines (unlike flight attendants, pilots, etc.) ∙Special working permits

USA Period

∙Travel documentaries on the Philippines ∙1935: PATCO ∙1941: PAL ∙CAAP ∙CAB

UNWTO

∙UN World Tourism Organizations 1925: Hague, Netherlands ∙International Union of Official Tourist Publicity Organization Post WWII: Geneva, Switzerland ∙International Union for Official Tourism Organizations (IUOTO) 1975: Madrid, Spain ∙World Tourism Organization 1977 ∙Official executing agency of the UN

Post-war Period Tourism Organizations

∙UNWTO ∙ICAO ∙IATA ∙PATA ∙WTTC

Leisure

∙Use of free time for enjoyment

Industrialization

∙Workers were given holidays for their welfare ∙Thomas Cook: pioneer of package tours - convenience of an arranged trip ∙Better transportation = farther destinations ∙Railways, paddle steamer, steam engine ∙Discovery of seaside resorts

WTTC

∙World Travel and Tourism Council (1990) ∙Composed primarily of members from the private sector ∙Discusses on what changes must be made ∙Finds trends and works with government organizations