Triumph of parliament in England
James I
1st Stuart monarch, lectured parliament on divine right, fought over money and foreign policy, he dissolved parliament and collected taxes at will. Fought with dissenters and puritans. Called for a new translation of the Bible "king James version"
After the glorious revolution
3 new political units arose Political parties The cabinet Office of prime minister ^Developed the constitution government- government who's pose is defined and limited by law
New model army
A disciplined fighting force that defeated the cavaliers, parliaments army organized by Cromwell
Limited monarchy
A government where the monarch shares power with a parliament and abide by the constitution
Puritan
A group who sought to purify the English church of Catholic practices
Cabinet
A handful of parliamentary advisors
Cavalier
A knight or gentlemen serving on horseback
What did the House of Commons do
Abolished the monarchy, House of Lords and official Church of England, declared England a republic-common wealth (a political unit that replaced the kingdom of England and kingdom of Scotland) under Oliver Cromwell
English civil war
Cavaliers vs roundheads Cavaliers supported Charles I, they were wealthy nobles, trained in warfare roundheads supported the puritans and the parliament, town-dwelling manufacturers puritan clergy
What threats did the new gov face
Charles II supporters attacked Levellers wanted poor men to be in gov and the right to petition, parliament passed a law exiling most Catholics, they would be killed if found
Lord protector
Cromwell took this name and ruled the army
Bill of rights
Ensured the superiority of parliament over the monarchy
Cabinet system
Evolved after the throne was passed to the German Prince George I, he didn't speaks English so relied on the parliament, made up of leaders of the majority party in the House of Commons
King Charles I execution
Executed as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy, declared himself martyr of the people, told executionist when to kill him
Rule by oligarchy
Far from democratic Highest nobles held seats in the House of Lords, wealthy controlled elections to the House of Commons Right to vote only for few male property owners
Prime minister
Head of the cabinet Leader of the majority party in the House of Commons Chief official of the British government Robert Walpole- first minister
Charles II died
His brother James II took over (Catholic), asserted divine right, protestants feared he would restore he Roman Catholic Church
Sandwich
James I Charles I Cromwell Charles II James II Mary and William
Charles I
James I son, behaved like an absolute monarch, imprisoned enemies without trial, asked parliament to raise taxes, parliament made him sign the petition of right-prohibited the king from raising taxes without their permission or imprisoning without a just case. Dissolved parliament, ignored petition, warred with the scots
Glorious revolution
James II practiced his Catholic faith and angered his subjects, he was overthrown by William and Mary's army (bloodless)
Oliver Cromwell
Leader of the roundheads, skilled, made the new model army (puritan)
Long parliament
Parliament executed the kings chief ministers, declared it could not be dissolved, Charles led troops into the House of Commons and arrested leaders, a civil war begins
The glorious revolution
Parliament invited Mary and William to become rulers of England, they overthrew James II and he fled to France (bloodless)
Puritan society
Parliament made a law that you had to read the Bible, closed theatres and entertainment places, marriage based on love, welcomed Jews, religious freedom
Restoration
Period of rule by Charles II, wanted to relax, restored the Church of England, religious diversity, known as merry monarch
Dissenter
Protestants who differed with the church of england
What happened after the English civil war
Roundheads or Cromwell's army defeated the cavaliers, King Charles I was put on trial as a tyrant
Roundheads
Supporters of the parliament
Prime minister
The head of the cabinet
What happened when Cromwell dies
The puritans lost their grip on England, people were tired of puritans ways, his son Richard tried to rule but parliament invited Charles II to return
What happened when Elizabeth the first died
There was no heir to the throne, the throne was passed on the the Stuart's (her cousins) of Scotland resulted in Stuart vs parliament
Political parties
Tories and whigs Tories- aristocrats, wanted to preserve older traditions, supported royal power and a dominant Anglican Church Whigs- supported ideas from the glorious revolution, supported religious toleration and urban business
Levellers
Wanted poor men in gov, right to petition, lawyers and leading citizens, religious tolerance, equality Cromwell suppressed them
English bill of rights
William and Mary had to accept this, ensured that parliament was superior to the monarch, no taxes without consent, no Catholics on throne