unit 1 chapter 5 poli sci connect questions

in determining that it was unconstitutional to reserve 10% of federally funded construction projects for minority-owned firms (Adarand v. Peña), the supreme court used what part of the test it applies to affirmative action cases?

"narrowly tailored"

asian americans are more likely than other minority groups to _____:

- be college educated - have a high median income

the promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

- inspired a hope for eventual equality - has been foundational in legal decisions - has given moral strength to diverse movements

what did the voting rights act of 1965 entail?

- it banned discriminatory voter registration practices (ie literacy tests) - it allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters

which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?

- many poor working women find that their wages cannot cover childcare expenses - single parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty - most single parent families are headed by women and 1/3rd of those live below the poverty line

concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on:

- nature of the job - the performance of a particular employee

which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?

- preference programs have greater support among african americans than among whites - most americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically - most americans oppose programs that give preferential treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically

which of the following are among redlining's legacies?

- segregated neighborhoods still exist - hispanics and african americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites)

among the laws giving women greater equality in society were laws prohibiting

- sexual discrimination in higher education - sexual discrimination in access to financial credit - certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job

which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

- the average pay for women workers is only 80% of the amount earned by male workers - jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men

which is an accurate representation of the hispanic population in the united states

- the majority are immigrants from mexico and the caribbean islands - their numbers have more than doubled in the past 20 years

which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the US?

- the right to have the same benefits as traditional couples - the right to openly enlist in the military

chronological sequence of challenges to segregation laws:

1. brown v board 2. rosa parks 3. mlk speech at march on washington

despite the court's ruling in brown v. board of education in 1954, by the 1970s _________ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black

95

intermediate scrutiny test

A test applied by courts to laws that attempt a gender classification. In effect, the test eliminates gender as a legal classification unless it serves an important objective and is substantially related to the objective's achievement. (gender)

in 1968 congress passed a law, the ______, that granted native americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other americans

Indian Bill of Rights

which landmark supreme court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

strict scrutiny test

a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest (race, ethnicity)

which groups have historically lacked equality in the US?

asian americans, women, catholics

the landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ________ education in their public schools

bilingual

which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

cesar chavez

native americans were not considered to be _______ until 1924

citizens

in order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as constitutional, the supreme court requires that government prove what kind of interest?

compelling

the 1964 civil rights act banned

discrimination in public accommodations

which proposed amendment to the constitution was passed by the congress in 1971 but failed to receive the necessary 3/4ths majority

equal rights amendment (ERA)

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government required agencies and businesses to

establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs

which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

ex: women are not allowed to vote in federal elections a state requires separate bathrooms for black and white people

which amendment passed at end of war granted african american men right to vote

fifteenth amendment

in Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ____________ classifications even though such classification need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income

gender

what sociologist authored the book "an american dilemma"?

gunnar myrdal

what action did president eisenhower take during the desegregation of little rock central high school?

he federalized the arkansas national guard

what was the intention of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling?

maintaining segregation while claiming equality

which of the following native american tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

navajo and pueblo

the preclearance provision of the voting rights act states that designated states and counties must: ________

obtain federal permission before making changes that might adversely affect a minority group

which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income americans? (age, income)

reasonable basis test

what president appointed the first woman to the supreme court

ronald reagan

according to the supreme court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of ______ __________

suspect classifications

which of the following hispanic politicians were top contenders for the republican presidential nomination?

ted cruz and marco rubio

following the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments still refused to serve black customers

true

in what area of civil rights were asian americans particularly active in the 1960s?

voting rights

despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which african americans have made significant gains in is:

winning elective office