unit 1 chapter 5 poli sci connect questions
in determining that it was unconstitutional to reserve 10% of federally funded construction projects for minority-owned firms (Adarand v. Peña), the supreme court used what part of the test it applies to affirmative action cases?
"narrowly tailored"
asian americans are more likely than other minority groups to _____:
- be college educated - have a high median income
the promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?
- inspired a hope for eventual equality - has been foundational in legal decisions - has given moral strength to diverse movements
what did the voting rights act of 1965 entail?
- it banned discriminatory voter registration practices (ie literacy tests) - it allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters
which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?
- many poor working women find that their wages cannot cover childcare expenses - single parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty - most single parent families are headed by women and 1/3rd of those live below the poverty line
concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on:
- nature of the job - the performance of a particular employee
which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?
- preference programs have greater support among african americans than among whites - most americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically - most americans oppose programs that give preferential treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically
which of the following are among redlining's legacies?
- segregated neighborhoods still exist - hispanics and african americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites)
among the laws giving women greater equality in society were laws prohibiting
- sexual discrimination in higher education - sexual discrimination in access to financial credit - certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job
which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?
- the average pay for women workers is only 80% of the amount earned by male workers - jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men
which is an accurate representation of the hispanic population in the united states
- the majority are immigrants from mexico and the caribbean islands - their numbers have more than doubled in the past 20 years
which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the US?
- the right to have the same benefits as traditional couples - the right to openly enlist in the military
chronological sequence of challenges to segregation laws:
1. brown v board 2. rosa parks 3. mlk speech at march on washington
despite the court's ruling in brown v. board of education in 1954, by the 1970s _________ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black
95
intermediate scrutiny test
A test applied by courts to laws that attempt a gender classification. In effect, the test eliminates gender as a legal classification unless it serves an important objective and is substantially related to the objective's achievement. (gender)
in 1968 congress passed a law, the ______, that granted native americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other americans
Indian Bill of Rights
which landmark supreme court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
strict scrutiny test
a test applied by the court when a classification is based on race; the government must show that there is a compelling reason for the law and no other less restrictive way to meet the interest (race, ethnicity)
which groups have historically lacked equality in the US?
asian americans, women, catholics
the landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ________ education in their public schools
bilingual
which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?
cesar chavez
native americans were not considered to be _______ until 1924
citizens
in order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as constitutional, the supreme court requires that government prove what kind of interest?
compelling
the 1964 civil rights act banned
discrimination in public accommodations
which proposed amendment to the constitution was passed by the congress in 1971 but failed to receive the necessary 3/4ths majority
equal rights amendment (ERA)
In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government required agencies and businesses to
establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs
which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?
ex: women are not allowed to vote in federal elections a state requires separate bathrooms for black and white people
which amendment passed at end of war granted african american men right to vote
fifteenth amendment
in Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ____________ classifications even though such classification need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income
gender
what sociologist authored the book "an american dilemma"?
gunnar myrdal
what action did president eisenhower take during the desegregation of little rock central high school?
he federalized the arkansas national guard
what was the intention of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling?
maintaining segregation while claiming equality
which of the following native american tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?
navajo and pueblo
the preclearance provision of the voting rights act states that designated states and counties must: ________
obtain federal permission before making changes that might adversely affect a minority group
which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income americans? (age, income)
reasonable basis test
what president appointed the first woman to the supreme court
ronald reagan
according to the supreme court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of ______ __________
suspect classifications
which of the following hispanic politicians were top contenders for the republican presidential nomination?
ted cruz and marco rubio
following the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments still refused to serve black customers
true
in what area of civil rights were asian americans particularly active in the 1960s?
voting rights
despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which african americans have made significant gains in is:
winning elective office