Unit 1 Foundations of Government: Natural Rights Philosophy
life
A natural right, to live without being afraid of injury or death by others.
state of nature
A theoretical situation in which there is no government, rules, or laws.
social contract
An agreement among individuals to set up a government and obey its laws
John Locke
Believed that people would create governments to protect their natural rights. "all men are created equal" "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" = unalienable natural rights
Popular Sovereignty
In a democracy the people are the source of power and authority.
Thomas Hobbes
Influence on American Government = Social Contract: "We the people" establish a government to "ensure domestic tranquility" We formed a government in order to have a peaceful society
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Popular Sovereignty = "We the people" Government should preserve as much freedom as possible for the people.
Baron de Montesquieu
Separation of powers, which allows for checks and balances = ways to prevent abuse of power
natural rights
Such basic rights as those to life, liberty, and property
Rule of Law
The government is bound to follow the laws just like everyone else
liberty
The opportunity to believe what you wish, read what you want, speak freely, and travel where ever you want to go.
consent of the governed
The people agree to obey the laws/government they create
limited government
There are rules and laws to ensure that those in charge cannot take advantage of the people.
Protect natural rights
This is the purpose of government, according to John Locke.
consent
allow
property
anything of value that is owned or controlled by an individual
Separation of Powers
breaking government into three parts, or branches. Each branch has a specific, limited job. Prevents abuse of power by limiting the power of each branch.