Unit 1 Foundations of Government: Natural Rights Philosophy

life

A natural right, to live without being afraid of injury or death by others.

state of nature

A theoretical situation in which there is no government, rules, or laws.

social contract

An agreement among individuals to set up a government and obey its laws

John Locke

Believed that people would create governments to protect their natural rights. "all men are created equal" "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" = unalienable natural rights

Popular Sovereignty

In a democracy the people are the source of power and authority.

Thomas Hobbes

Influence on American Government = Social Contract: "We the people" establish a government to "ensure domestic tranquility" We formed a government in order to have a peaceful society

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Popular Sovereignty = "We the people" Government should preserve as much freedom as possible for the people.

Baron de Montesquieu

Separation of powers, which allows for checks and balances = ways to prevent abuse of power

natural rights

Such basic rights as those to life, liberty, and property

Rule of Law

The government is bound to follow the laws just like everyone else

liberty

The opportunity to believe what you wish, read what you want, speak freely, and travel where ever you want to go.

consent of the governed

The people agree to obey the laws/government they create

limited government

There are rules and laws to ensure that those in charge cannot take advantage of the people.

Protect natural rights

This is the purpose of government, according to John Locke.

consent

allow

property

anything of value that is owned or controlled by an individual

Separation of Powers

breaking government into three parts, or branches. Each branch has a specific, limited job. Prevents abuse of power by limiting the power of each branch.