Unit 14: Acids and Base
acids
-Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water -Produce a negative ion (-) too -Taste sour -Corrode metals -React with bases to form salts and water -Are electrolytes
bases
-Produce OH- ions in water -Taste bitter, chalky -Are electrolytes -Feel soapy, slippery -React with acids to form salts and water
-ate ---> -ic
-ite ---> -ous
pH scale goes from
0-14
Identify each as characteristic of an: A) acid or B) base ____ 1. Sour taste ____ 2. Produces OH- in aqueous solutions ____ 3. Chalky taste ____ 4. Is an electrolyte ____ 5. Produces H+ in aqueous solutions
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A,B 5. A
Describe the solution in each of the following as: 1) acid 2) base or 3)neutral. A. ___ soda B. ___ soap C. ___ coffee D. ___ wine E. ___ water F. ___ grapefruit G. ___ detergent
A. 1 B. 2 C. 1 D. 1 E. 3 F. 1 G. 2
Match the formulas with the names: 1)hydrochloric acid, 2) sulfuric acid, 3) sodium hydroxide, 4) nitrous acid, and 5) calcium hydroxide A. ___ HNO2 B. ___ Ca(OH)2 C. ___H2SO4 D. ___HCl E. ___ NaOH
A. 4 B. 5 C. 2 D. 1 E. 3
H2SO4 Acid/Base/Salt and Name
Acid (H+) Sulfuric acid
HBr Acid/Base/Salt and Name
Acid (H+) Hydrobromic acid
Example of a Neutralization Reaction:
Acid + Base Salt + Water HCl + NaOHNaCl + H2O
Bronsted-Lowry Acids
Acids are hydrogen ion (H+) donors Bases are hydrogen ion (H+) acceptors
Bronsted-Lowry Definition (All about H+)
Acids donate H+(hydrogen ions) Bases acceptH+ (hydrogen ions)
Arrhenius Definition
Acids produce H+in aqueous solutions Bases produce OH- in aqueous solutions
Ba(OH)2 Acid/Base/Salt and Name
Base (OH-) Barium hydroxide
KOH Acid/Base/Salt and Name
Base (OH--) Potassium hydroxide
Acids produce
H+ (hydrogen ions) in aqueous solutions Donate H+ pH < 7 [H+]>[OH-] Greater concentration of H+
CO3+ H2O→H2CO3 acid _________ base _________
H20; CO3^2-
The following are Brønsted-Lowry bases. Determine what will form when each accepts a proton. HSO4^-1
H2SO4
If H2O was the base, it turns into the "conjugate acid". Who is the conjugate acid?
H3O+
The following are Brønsted-Lowry bases. Determine what will form when each accepts a proton. CN-
HCN
The following are Brønsted-Lowry bases. Determine what will form when each accepts a proton. PO4^-3
HPO4
The following are Brønsted -Lowery acids. Determine what will form when each donates a proton HI
I-
Hydrogen ion accepts the pair of electrons -
Lewis acid
Hydroxide donates the pair of electrons -
Lewis base
The following are Brønsted -Lowery acids. Determine what will form when each donates a proton NH4+
NH3
The following are Brønsted -Lowery acids. Determine what will form when each donates a proton HNO3
NO3-
The following are Brønsted -Lowery acids. Determine what will form when each donates a proton H2O
OH-
The following are Brønsted-Lowry bases. Determine what will form when each accepts a proton. O^-2
OH-
Bases produce
OH- (hydroxide ions) in aqueous solutions Accept H+ pH > 7 [H+]<[OH-] Greater concentration of OH-
CaCl2 Acid/Base/Salt and Name
Salt Calcium Chloride
what claim to be better medicine because it has calcium
Tums helps to relieve heartburn, it also provides us with needed calcium. Its chemical name is calcium carbonate and it chemical formula is CaCO3
NH3accepts a proton or H+so it is classified as
a base
Draino (another product that is commonly used)
a base common name - lye chemical name - sodium hydroxide more dangerous chemical than ones used for heartburn and can cause blindness or burns
Arrhenius acid
a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of H+ions present
HCO3-1goes to H2CO3 a)Did it gain or lose a proton? _________ b)Is it a Brønsted -Lowery acid or base?_________
a)gain B)base
H2Ogoes to H3O+ a)Did itgain or lose a proton? ___________ b)Is it a Brønsted -Lowery acid or base?________
a)gain b)base
NH3goes to NH4+ a)Did it gain or lose a proton? ___________ b)Is it a Brønsted -Lowery acid or base?_________
a)gain b)base
HCl goes to Cl-1 a)Did it gain or lose a proton? ___________ b)Is it a Brønsted -Lowery acid or base?_________
a)lose b)acid
H2SO4 goes to HSO4- a)Did it gain or lose a proton? _________ b)Is it a Brønsted -Lowery acid or base?___________
a)lose b)acid c)gain d)base
HC2H3O2 goes to C2H3O2- a)Did it gain or lose a proton? _________ b)Is it a Brønsted -Lowery acid or base?_________
a)lost b)acid
A Lewis acid is a substance that can _____________ a pair of ___________________ to form a covalent bond.
accept; electrons
CH3COOH
acetic acid
Gives off hydrogen gas when it reacts with some metals
acid
Turns litmus paper red
acid
pH < 7 means it is an
acid
taste sour
acid
H2SO4is an Arrhenius______________ and increases the concentration of __________ when added to water.
acid; H+
HNO3 is an Arrhenius______________ and increases the concentration of __________ when added to water.
acid; H+
Alkalinity = Basicity
alkaline = base
Al(OH)3
aluminum hydroxide
H2O donatesa proton or H+ so it is classified as
an acid
Vinegar
an acid in ketchup and most salad dressings chemical name - acetic acid chemical formula - CH3COOH
Brønsted -Lowery is different than Arrhenius because
an acid or a base does not have to form a H+ or OH-ion. An acid has to donate a proton and a base has to accept a proton.
medicine used for heart burn
antacid (base) like Mr.MOM (Milk Of Magnesium) chemical name Mg(OH)2
a Brønsted -Lowry baseis defined as
anything that accepts H+ions
A Brønsted -Lowry acidis defined as
anything that donatesH+ions
Ba(OH)2
barium hydroxide
Feels slimy or slippery
base
Turns litmus paper blue
base
pH > 7 mean it is a
base
taste bitter
base
Ca(OH)2is an Arrhenius______________ and increases the concentration of __________ when added to water.
base; OH-
KOHis an Arrhenius______________ and increases the concentration of __________ when added to water.
base; OH-
ince HCl is the acid (donating), it turns into a
conjugate base". Therefore, who is the conjugate base? Cl-
seltzer water
contains very mild acid known as Carbonic acid which formed by dissolving carbon dioxide in water carbonic acids chemical formula is H2CO3
While a Lewis base is a substance that can __________________ a pair of ________________ to form a covalent bond. All Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases are also Lewis acids and bases, but not necessarily the other way around.
donate; electrons
HCl
hydrochloric acid
A proton is also known as this ion _______________.
hydrogen ion (H+)
The whole subject of acids and bases has to do with the extraordinary chemical power of the H+ion, known as the "naked proton". It is called this because
hydrogen when hydrogen loses it's one electron only a proton remains because this atom HAS NO NEUTRONS.
Arrhenius base
is a substance that when added to water increases the concentration of OH-ions present ex NaOH
Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide
polyatomic ions don't get hydro- when
naming
pH = 7 means it is
neutral
HNO3
nitric acid
The Arrhenius definition of acids and bases is one of the
oldest
Acids and Bases can be identified by
pH
H3PO4
phosphoric acid
KOH
potassium hydroxide
NaOH
sodium hydroxide
H2SO4
sulfuric acid
bases are commonly used to produce soaps and have a bitter
taste
The chemical formulas of Arrhenius acids are written with
the acidic hydrogens first ex HCl
Stronger Acids and Bases are closer to
the extremes (0 and 14)
The Brønsted -Lowry concept is based on
the transfer of a proton(H+)from one substance to another.
water is neutral. That is because PURE water has a pH of 7. However, with this definition an acid or base just depends on giving or gaining an H+ and water can do both! This is why in this example water acts as a base. In conclusion,
water can act as both an ACID and BASE although it is a neutral substance. Therefore, we say water is an AMPHOTERIC.
The H+ that dissociates does not remain alone. Since it is in water it bonds to a
water molecule immediately
A Neutralization reaction is
when an acid and base combine to form salt and water. (They neutralize each other)
Give the names of the following HBr (aq)
1. bromic acid 2. bromous acid 3. hydrobromic acid
H2CO3
1. carbonic acid 2. hydrocarbonic acid 3. carbonous acid
