Unit 2- Tooth Morphology
Deciduous Teeth
Primary teeth/baby teeth
What are the five surfaces of the teeth?
The facial, lingual, masticatory (occlusal), mesial, and distal surfaces
Why do you think central occlusion is important to have?>
This postion allows for effective grinding of food and greatest comfort and stability
What are the five surfaces of the teeth?
1- facial 2-lingual 3-masticating 4-medial 5-distal
Cingulum
Bumps on the lingual of anterior teeth
Which tooth is located 3rd from the midline?
Canines
Which angle classification is the ideal bite relationship?
Class I
What classification is neutrocclusion?
Class i
The ———— is a major elevation on the masticatory surface of canines and posterior teeth
Cusp
What is the name of the fifth cusp on a Maxillary first molar?
Cusp of Carabelli
What is the name of the fifth cusp on the maxillary first molar?
Cusp of carabelli
Lingual Fossa
Depression of the lingual side on anterior teeth
What are the pinpoint depressions where tow or more grooves meet?
Developmental Pits
What is the term for gap in central inscisors?
Diastema
1st Molars
Erupts at 6-7 years old
Marginal Ridge
Raised mesial/distal surface of the occlusal surface of the teeth
What is the term for the permanenet teeth that replace primary teeth?
Succedaneous
Universal: 11
Maxillar Left Canine
Which dentition period has some teeth of both dentitions present?
Mixed
What tooth types are the same in primary dentition?
Molars, canines and inscisors
What is the name for the position of the teeth when they are in chewing movements?
functional occlusions
What are the four types of teeth?
incisors, canines, premolars, molars
Which term is given to the area at which three roots divide?
trifurcation
What are the three dentition periods?
1) primary 2) mixed and 3) permanent
ISO/FDI system
Assigns a two digit number to each tooth
Which drawing is curve of wilson?
B, A is curve of spee
Why are premolars known as bicuspids
Because they have 2 cusps
What is another name for premolar
Bicuspid
What is a name given in hte past to premiolars?
Bicuspids
Occlusal Surface
Broad chewing surface of posterior teeth
How can you determine the lingual view ov the mandibular molar?
Buccal cusps are higher
Which tooth is referred to as the "cornerstone" of the dental arch?
Canine
Which teeth are the longest in the permanent dentition?
Canines
Which tooth is the closest to the midline?
Central Inscisors
Which tooth is the smallest in the maxillary arch?
Central Inscisors
Which tooth is the smallest in the dentition
Central Inscisors Maxillary
What is the name of the groove that seperates buccal and lingual cusps on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth?
Central groove
What is the maximum contact between the occluding surfaces of the teeth
Centric Occlusion
The root area of a tooth is divided into three sections what are they called?
Cervical, middle, Apical
What is the term for the rounded, raised area on the cervical third of the lingual surface on the anterior teeth?
Cingulum
Which angle's classifications is also considered neutroclusion?
Class 1
What is the Angles classification for mesioclusion
Class III
When the body has an abnormal mesial relationship to the maxilla the bite is classified as what?
Class III
What is the name of the area where adjacent teeth physically touch?
Contact area
All teeth have :
Contours, contacts, and embrasures
What is the name for the curve of the occlusal plane?
Curve of Spee
Anterior Teeth
Directly relates to how a person looks
What is the name of the triangular space toward the gingiva btwn adjacent teeth?
Embrasure
Curvatures adjacent to the contact areas form spaces called
Embrasures
2nd Molar
Erupts at age 12-13
A wide, shallow depression on the lingual surface of anterior teeth is the
Fossa
Central Groove
Groove that divides tooth in buccal and lingual
Maxillary 1st Molar
Has a cusp called carabelli
What is the phase/termto describe the "buldge" or widest point on a specific surface of a crown?
Height of contour
Most used numbering system in the rest of the world
ISO International Standards Orginizations
Which permanent tooth has a lingual surface like a shovel?
Incisors
What is the name for the space btwn adjacent teeth?
Interproximal space
Why is the occlusal surface important?
It is used for chewing anf grinding food
What is the term for the junction of two surfaces and derives its name from the combination of the two surfaces that join?
Line angle
How can you tell the difference btwn the mandibulart centrals and the mandibular laterals?
90 degree angles curved different and ones smaller than the other
What is the term for the teeth that are in poor occlusion?
Malocclusion
What feature do newly erupted central and lateral incisors have on their Incisal ridges?
Mamelon
The rounded enamel extensions on the incisal ridge of newly erupted central and lateral incisors are called:
Mamelons
ISO: 3-2
Mandibular Left Lateral Inscisors
ISO: 4-6
Mandibular Right 1st Molar
Which teeth are the smallest in the dentition?
Mandibular central inscisors
Which teeth are bifurcated?
Mandibular molars Max 1st premolars
What is the term used to describe the borders (mesial and distal) on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth?
Marginal Ridges
The chewing surface of the teeth is the __________ ____________
Masticatory surface
A fifth cusp known as the cusp of caracbelli is located on which tooth?
Maxillary 1st Molar
Which tooth has 2 cusos and 2 roots
Maxillary 1st Premolars
Which tooth has 2 cusps and 1 root
Maxillary 2nd Bicuspids
Which premolar has two roots?
Maxillary First premolar
Using the Palmer Numbering system which tooth is this? Right angle 6
Maxillary Left first Molar
Which tooth has 3 roots and 4 cusps
Maxillary Molars
Which tooth has 3 cusps and 1 root
Maxillary Premolars
ISO:1-5
Maxillary Right 2nd Premolar\Bicuspid
Universal: 8
Maxillary Right Central Inscisors
Which tooth is ISO 23
Maxillary left canine
Using the palmer numbering system which tooth is this? right angle 3
Maxillary right canine
What is the term for a tooth that does not replace a primary tooth?
Nonsuccedaneous
What phase would describe when mesial and distal surfaces do not touch one another?
Open contact
Using the universal numbering system what would indicate the mandibular right primary central incisors?
P
What tooth type is absent from primary dentition?
Premolars
Which tooth type is present in thepermanent dentition but not in the primary teeth?
Premolars
What are the two sets of teeth that people have in their lifetime>?
Primary and permanent
What is the term for the four sections of the divided dental arches?
Quaderants
What tooth is considered the 12 year molar?
Second molar (has erupted time 12-13 years old)
What is the term for a tooth with three roots?
Trifurcated
What are two forms of mandibyular second premolars?
Two cusp and three cusp
Most used numbering system by ADA
Universal
Which of the following numbering systems uses capital letterrs for the primary dentition?
Universal and Palmer
The most used numbering system by the ADA is called?
Universal numbering system
Explain how to number in the Palmer method. How would you identify the permament maxillary right central inscisors?
Uses angles and numbers to identify/ Right angel with a 1
What are mamelons? Why doesnt treatment have to be done for them?
bumps on the freshly errupted anterior teeth called 3 enamel extensions, no need for treatment as theu go away with abbrasions of mastification
Which tooth has the longest root in the maxillary arch?
canines
Which primary tooth is the largest?
mandibular molar
A ________ is one fourth of the dentition.
quadrant
Mamelons
three bulges on the incisal edge of a newly erupted central incisor
How many roots do mandibular molars have?
two
--is the external vertical bony ridge on the labial surface of the canines
Canine eminence
What teeth are the longest and last to fall out in permanent dentition?
Canines
Which tooth is referred to as the "cornerstone" of the dental arch?
Canines
If a patient is talking about "eye teeth" they are referring to their
Canines or cuspids
What is the rounded, raised area on the cervical thirds of the lingual surfaces of the anterior Teeth?
Cingulum
What classification is neutroclusion?
Class I
The ______ __ _______ is the curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion
Curve of Spec
Baby or primary teeth are called ___________________
Deciduous
Sextants
Dental arch division into three parts based on relationship to midline
Natural teeth in the dental arch are the _____________
Dentition
--is an area between 2 or more root branches
Furcation
A ridge on each permanent incisor that appears flattened on the labial, lingual, or Incisal view after tooth eruption is the
Incisal edge
What is the name for the space between adjacent teeth?
Interproximal
Line and Point Angles
Junctions of the crown surfaces
The junction of two teeth surfaces is a __________
Line angle
Name the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue.
Lingual Surface
Which primary tooth has a H-shaped groove pattern on its occlusal surface?
Maxillary molar
Name the most posterior teeth.
Molars
The natural contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions is termed {____________________
Occlusion
Lingual surface is the same as
Palatal surface
Name the sets of teeth that humans have in their lifetime...
Primary and Permanent
What is the term for the four sections of the divided dental arches?
Quadrant
A ________ is one sixth of the dentition.
Sextant
Palmer Notation System
System of coding teeth using brackets, numbers, and letters.
Which teeth are referred to as the "wisdom" teeth?
Third molars
T or F: the crown of the tooth narrows toward the cervical line
True
Diastemas
Unusually large spaces (open contact) between teeth that are not due to missing teeth
The teeth in front of the mouth are called ___________
anterior
Which teeth are the longest ones in the permanent dentition?
canines
The most prominent developmental groove on posterior teeth is the ——— ————
central groove
Teeth are in __________ _________ when the teeth make contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth
centric occlusion
The ---- is raised, rounded area on the cervical third of the lingual surface?
cingulum
name of the area where adjacent teeth physically touch
contact area
What is the name for the curve of the occlusal plane?
curve of spec
The __________ is the surface of the tooth distant from the midline
distal surface
An __________ is a triangular space in the gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth in contact.
embrasure
name of the triangular space between adjacent teeth
embrasure
Teeth are in ________ ________ when teeth make contact during biting and chewing movements.
functional occlusion
The term for the position of teeth during chewing is
functional occlusion
Slight ridges that run mesiodistally in the cervical third of the teeth are
imbrication lines
What is the name for the developmental horizontal lines on anterior Teeth?
imbrication lines
--are the sloping areas between cusp ridges
inclined cuspid planes
The __________ __________ is the area between adjacent tooth surfaces.
interproximal space
An individual who has incorrect bite is given a diagnosis of _________
malocclusion
____________ is an abnormal or mispositioned relationship of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth when they are in centric occlusion
malocclusion
The lower jaw is the _______
mandible
Which teeth are the smallest ones in the permanent dentition?
mandibular incisors central being the smallest and lateral slightly bigger
A rounded ,raised border on the mesial and distal portions of the lingual surface of anterior teeth and the occlusal table of posterior teeth is the
marginal ridge
What feature borders the occlusal table of a posterior tooth?
marginal ridges
The upper jaw is the __________
maxilla
The __________ is the surface of the tooth toward the midline
mesial surface
What is the technical term for class III occlusion?
mesioclusion
--is the study of the form and shape of teeth
morphology
What term is given to a tooth that does not replace a primary tooth?
nonsuccedaneous
--refers to a tooth that doesn't replace a primary tooth
nonsuccedaneous tooth
deciduous
older term for primary teeth
What is the pinpoint depression where two or more grooves meet?
pit
Mandibular Central
smallest tooth in permanent dentition
What term is given to a permanent tooth that replaces a primary tooth of the same type?
succedaneous
Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth are ____________
succedaneous teeth
How thick is the enamel covering on a primary tooth?
thin
What occlusal form does the mandibular second premolar resemble?
two & three cusps
primary teeth are __________-- than permanent teeth and have a difference in _______ size
whiter, crown
How many teeth are present in the primary dentition?
20
How many teeth are in each dentition>?
20 primary and 32 permament
How many teeth are in the permanent dentition?
32 teeth
How many premolars are in one arch in permanent dentition?>
4
Primary Quadrant Ratio
4 x 5 = 20
Permanent quadrant ratio
4 x 8 =32
What do newly erupted incisors sometimes have on theri incisal ridge?
Mamelons
Which tooth has 3 cusps on the buccal surface?
Mandibular 2nd Molars
ISO: 3-7
Mandibular Left 2nd Molars
When is the estimated time for the eruption of the permanent mandibular second molars?
10-12 years
How many angterior teeth are in the permanent dentition
12
How can you tell the mandibular 1st and 2nd bicuspids apart?
1st shorter and has lingual cusps
How many roots do maxillary premolars have?
2
How many roots does the mandibular molars have?
2
What do all posterior teeth have to the occlusal surface?
2 or more cusps
How many roots do maxillary molars have?
3 roots
How many molars are in one arch?
6
What is thew term for the junctions of two teeth surfaces?
;Line Angles
Diastema
A space between two teeth -central inscirors
Which feature do all anterior teeth have?
All have cingulum on the lingual surface
Which teeth due to their size, shape and color directly relate to how a person looks?
Anterior teeth
Which teeth have cingulums?
Anterior teeth
What is the name for the third of the tooth nearest the end of the root?
Apical Third
What is a contact area?
Area of the mesial or distal surface of a tooth that touch each other in the same arch
A proper contacts relationship between adjacent teeth serves the following three purposes:
1.Prevents food from being trapped between teeth. 2.Stabilizes the dental arches by holding the teeth in either arch in positive contact with each other 3.Protects the inter proximal gingival tissue from trauma during mystification.
How many anterior teeth are in the permanent dentition?
12
What age is permanent teeth all complete? Third Molars?
14-15 years and 18-25 years
Maxillary 1st bicuspid
2 roots 2 cusps
How many teeth are in the primary dentition?
20 teeth
Maxillary 2nd molar
3 roots 4 cusps
primary teeth period is from what ages
6 months to 6 years
mix dentation takes starts to take place at what age?
6 to 12 years of age 6- start 12- ending
What methods of identification is used in the Universal/National System for primary dentition?
Alphabetic
What term is used for the front teeth?
Anterior
Which one-third portion of a tooth's surface is positioned toward the end of the root?
Apical one third
The height or contour is the
Bulge or widest point on a specific surface of the crown. Facial and lingual surfaces also