Unit 4: Metabolism

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Which molecule emerges from the Calvin cycle? ADP ATP

ADP

____________ is a low-energy molecule that is generated by the Calvin cycle

ADP

Energy is carried from the light-dependent phase to the Calvin cycle by ______________

ATP

In light-dependent reaction, the chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplast absorb light energy and use it to break water apart and excite one of the water's electrons. The excited electron is used to produce ___________ and NADPH

ATP

Which molecule has more chemical potential energy? ATP ADP

ATP

Which of these is an output of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? ATP NADH Glucose Water

ATP

__________ contains a high amount of chemical potential energy that the cell can access quickly

ATP

_____________ and NADPH serve as energy carrier molecules between these two reactions

ATP

Energy used to power the Calvin cycle is stored in which molecule(s)? ADP and NADP+ Sugar ATP and NADPH

ATP and NADPH

_____________ is generated in the light-dependent phase while ______________ is generated in the Calvin cycle.

ATP, ADP

Which molecule is built through the process of phosphorylation? ADP ATP

ATP, ATP is built through phosphorylation of ADP

Which organisms can carry out photosynthesis? (Explore all the options. There is more than one correct choice.) Algae Cyanobacteria Animals Fungi Plants

Algae Cyanobacteria Plants

Make their own food Autotrophs or Heterotrophs

Autotrophs

Glucose is a monosaccharide, the monomer for carbohydrates. This means glucose is built of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Where does the carbon in the glucose come from? A.From water that the plant gets through its roots B. From carbon dioxide that the plant absorbs from the air C. From oxygen that the plant absorbs from the air D. From sunlight energy that the plant absorbs with chlorophyll

B. From carbon dioxide that the plant absorbs from the air

Which process is important for life on Earth? Photosynthesis Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration Cellular respiration

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Which process is used by plants? Cellular respiration Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration Photosynthesis

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Produces sugars light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin Cycle

Calvin Cycle

Carbon dioxide is an input to the ___________ and is used to form glucose

Calvin cycle

The second step of photosynthesis is called the ___________, or the light-independent reaction

Calvin cycle

Which molecule is an input to the Calvin-Benson cycle? Carbon dioxide Oxygen Sugar Water

Carbon dioxide

What are the reactants that are required for photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide, water, and an energy source (such as radiant energy) Organic molecules (such as sugars) and oxygen

Carbon dioxide, water, and an energy source (such as radiant energy) Water and carbon dioxide are taken in and, with the help of the energy from the sun, sugars are made by photosynthesis.

NADH and FADH2 are molecules that provide the transport of high-energy electrons from one step of ____________ to another Photosynthesis or Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration

Sugar + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy Photosynthesis or Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration

Which reaction produces ATP as an end product? Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration

___________ is the process of breaking down glucose into simpler molecules, releasing some of the energy stored in the bonds, and putting that energy into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Cellular respiration

What is the name of the primary photosynthetic pigment used to capture the sun's energy? Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cytoskeleton Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

____________ is a green pigment that captures energy from the sun

Chlorophyll

In which organelle does photosynthesis take place? Nucleus Ribosome Chloroplast Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

What is the name of the organelle that is mainly responsible for photosynthesis? Cell wall Mitochondrion Nucleus Chloroplast

Chloroplast

What is the name of the organelle where the light dependent reaction occurs? Mitochondrion Cell membrane Ribosome Chloroplast

Chloroplast

Photosynthesis occurs in two steps inside of the ____________

Chloroplasts

Which stage of cellular respiration releases the most energy and, therefore, produces the most ATP molecules? Citric acid cycle Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain

Electron transport chain

In the human body, muscle fibers metabolize sugars to produce energy. Fast-twitch muscle fibers, like those used during short-term, vigorous exercise, carry out an anaerobic process that produces less energy per sugar molecule processed. Which metabolic process do fast-twitch muscle fibers carry out? Fermentation Respiration Photosynthesis Oxidation

Fermentation

Must consume food for energy Autotrophs or Heterotrophs

Heterotrophs

Which stage of cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide as a product? Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport chain Calvin cycle

Krebs cycle

What is the source of energy for photosynthesis? Light NADP Water Chlorophyll

Light

What are the inputs for photosynthesis? Select all that apply. Light O2 Sugar CO2 Water

Light CO2 Water

What is the Calvin cycle also known as? (Select all that apply.) Citric acid cycle Light-independent phase Calvin-Benson cycle Light-dependent phase

Light-independent phase Calvin-Benson cycle

Which organelle is used for cellular respiration? Mitochondrion Ribosome Golgi apparatus Chloroplast

Mitochondrion

______________ is a type of molecule called an electron carrier; this molecule moves an electron from one reaction to another

NADPH

Which molecules are used to shuttle energy from the light-dependent phase to the Calvin cycle? (Select two options.) NADPH Glucose Oxygen ATP Water Carbon dioxide

NADPH, ATP

Does glycolysis need oxygen in order to work? No Yes

No

Fermentation uses sugar in the absence of which molecule? ADP CO2 O2 H2O

O2

During the light-dependent reaction, what is produced as a by-product? Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water Sugar

Oxygen

__________ is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis

Oxygen

Light + H2O + CO2 → Sugar + O2 Photosynthesis or Cellular respiration

Photosynthesis

Which process stores energy in a glucose molecule? Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Photosynthesis

At the end of the Calvin cycle, energy is stored in which molecule(s)? ATP and NADPH ADP and NADP Sugar

Sugar

Which part of photosynthesis produces glucose? The light-dependent phase The Calvin cycle

The Calvin cycle

Which part of photosynthesis produces oxygen? The light-dependent phase The Calvin cycle

The light-dependent phase

Overall, the reactants for photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and the reactants for cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis. True False

True, Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are dependent on each other to recycle the molecules needed to continue.

Photosynthesis uses pigments (such as chlorophyll) in the chloroplasts to __________

absorb light energy

cellular respiration is a(n) __________ process, which means that oxygen (O2) is required

aerobic

During the cellular respiration reaction, food (organic molecules consisting of carbohydrates [e.g., glucose], fats, and proteins) is broken down to ___________ and ____________; in the process, __________ is released

carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), ATP

Humans use glucose as food, and release the energy in glucose through a process called ___________

cellular respiration

In the process of ______________, energy that is stored in the food that we eat is converted to the body's energy molecule, ATP cellular respiration photosynthesis

cellular respiration

The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of ______________

cellular respiration

Use of oxygen to release energy from nutrients

cellular respiration

The energy stored in the bonds of molecules

chemical potential energy

A plant pigment used to absorb light energy for photosythesis

chlorophyll

The most common pigment is called ____________

chlorophyll

The organelle in the eukaryotic cell where photosynthesis occurs. The process that converts energy from the sun into the chemical energy

chloroplasts

Photosynthesis occurs in the _____________ of plant cells in two steps. The first step is called _______________

chloroplasts, the light-dependent reaction

ATP and NADPH play an important role in the process of photosynthesis because they carry ___________ from the light-dependent reaction over to the Calvin cycle

energy

a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

enzyme

Breaks down ORGANIC molecules and stores energy as ATP

fermentation

light energy is absorbed by photosynthetic organisms such as plants and algae and is used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to __________ and oxygen during photosynthesis

glucose

Cellular respiration takes energy that was packaged in long term storage molecules such as ___________ and converts it into readily accessible energy in the form of _____________

glucose, ATP

Photosynthesis packages energy into a _________ molecule, and cellular respiration releases that energy as _________

glucose, ATP

This step is essentially the breaking of a sugar molecule in half

glycolysis

The first step of respiration is _____________, which happens in the ____________ of a cell

glycolysis, cytoplasm

Produces NADPH light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

light-dependent reaction

Produces oxygen light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

light-dependent reaction

What equation is this for? Light + H2O ➔ ATP + NADPH + O2 light-dependent reaction or Calvin cycle

light-dependent reaction

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells in two steps. What are they?

light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction

In this step, the plant uses the energy from ATP and the electron from NADPH to build sugars out of CO2.

light-independent reaction

The set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplast during photosynthesis

light-independent reaction

Remember that the point of cellular respiration is to ______________

make ATP

A metabolic pathway that uses light energy to build carbohydrates from CO2

photosynthesis

Combining the two equations from the light-dependent reaction and the Calvin cycle will produce the overall equation for __________

photosynthesis

Glucose is produced as a result of ____________

photosynthesis

Plants, algae, and some bacteria can use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars through the process of ____________

photosynthesis

Some organisms are able to directly harness the sun's energy in a process called __________

photosynthesis

Splitting water produces the O2 that is one of the final products of _______________

photosynthesis

Sunlight or radiant energy is needed to power ____________

photosynthesis

______________ produces the food necessary for most living things on the planet.

photosynthesis

In glycolysis, glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules called ____________

pyruvate

To prepare for the next step of cellular respiration, the _______________ is converted into acetyl coA

pyruvate

Photosynthesis uses the light energy from the sun to build __________ molecules

sugar

Glyco refers to _________ and lysis means to ____________

sugar, breakdown

NADPH will move the electron that started in water to the next step of photosynthesis, which is where it will be used to make ___________

sugars

Plants take in water, co2, and the energy of sunlight to create _________ for themselves

sugars

Plants use photosynthesis to produce __________

sugars

The main purpose of photosynthesis is to convert energy from sunlight and store it as bond energy within ___________

sugars

Energy enters the photosynthesis process in the form of ___________ and leaves in the form of ____________

sunlight, glucose

Uses ATP light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

the Calvin cycle

Uses carbon dioxide light-dependent reaction or to the Calvin cycle

the Calvin cycle

What equation is this for? ATP + NADPH + CO2 → Sugar

the Calvin cycle

The principal source of energy for all organisms on earth is __________

the sun