unit 5

Corn can be grown at a rate of 1,000 kcal per hectare, and it takes 20 times more land to produce beef than it does to produce corn. Which of the following equations would correctly calculate the amount of land needed to produce 10,000 kcal of beef?

1 ha1,000 kcal corn×20 kcal corn1 kcal beef×10,000 kcal beef

The combustion of one gallon of automobile fuel produces about 5 pounds of carbon (in CO2). Two autos are making a trip of 600 miles. The first auto gets 20 miles per gallon, and the second gets 30 miles per gallon. Approximately how much less carbon (in CO2) will be produced by the second auto on this trip?

50 lbs

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following illustrates the approximate percent increase in total water withdrawals between 1970 and 2010 ?

56

Fish landings are defined as the total catch of marine fish that are brought into ports for sale. Bycatch refers to the unwanted fish and other marine organisms that are caught during commercial fishing operations, but are not harvested or sold. Which of the following methods would you use to calculate the percent of the total catch of all fish in 2012 that was bycatch?

6.017×1086×109+6.017×108×1006.017×1086×109+6.017×108×100

This area is likely to have impervious surfaces that increase runoff to streams during a rain event and can contribute to the heat island effect.

A

Which of the following is an environmental problem associated with abandoned coal mines?

Acid drainage due to leaching of spoil heaps by rainwater

If the trend in total water withdrawal represented in the graph continues, which of the following is most likely to happen in the future?

Aquifers will be depleted if demand is higher than recharge rate.

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is produced by domestic livestock?

CH4

The cities of Edmonton and Calgary are relatively far north and at high elevation. Which of the following best explains the data presented in their ecological footprints?

Colder average temperatures and longer nights in Edmonton and Calgary lead to high energy usage to heat and light homes.

A new 450-unit housing development will replace several small farms on the outskirts of Fremont. The development will be composed of 1/4-hectare lots with nearly identical footprints, as show below.

Destruction of fish habitats by high levels of suspended solids and sediments

At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size?

Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

A farmer grows several crops on a farm that has mostly shallow, sandy soil. Which of the following irrigation methods would be the best suited for this farm?

Drip irrigation

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation?

Drop irrigation

Which of the following best represents the percent of water that is used for various purposes worldwide?

E

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following fishing practice solutions would best promote the sustainability of the orange roughy population?

Establishment of quotas on the number of orange roughy caught

Which of the following statements best explains the graphs above?

Fruits and vegetables give the greatest monetary return per water usage.

Which of the following irrigation methods is most likely to result in salinization of the soil, especially if the agricultural fields are located in a warm climate with consistent sunlight?

Furrow irrigation

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

Global meat consumption per capita will increase in all five countries between 2012 and 2022 as the countries move through the demographic transition and become more developed.

A cost-benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account? The medical costs of mine worker injuries The cost of environmental restoration of the site when it is shut down The value of the ore to be extracted from the mine

I, II, and III

The development of dangerous strains of disease organisms represents a significant consequence of which of the following agricultural practices?

Incorporating antibiotics into the feeding regimens of densely concentrated livestock

Which of the following describes an aspect of urbanization that would most increase the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere compared to rural and suburban areas?

Increased amounts of waste per unit area in urban areas that leads to higher rates of decay and decomposition

Which of the following is the best illustration of the pesticide treadmill?

Increased use of pesticides to eradicate genetically resistant pests

As part of a school project, a group of high school students will attempt to determine whether increasing the species diversity of the edible plants in pastures used for grazing livestock will provide an economic benefit to ranchers. Which of the following hypotheses, if supported by experimental results, best demonstrates an economic benefit to the ranchers?

Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the highest net primary productivity.

If Student 2 wanted to change his or her footprint to be more similar to that of Student 1, which of the following actions would he or she choose based on the data given in table 1 ?

Reducing the amount of meat in his or her diet

Which of the following is most likely to increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water?

Runoff from a nearby hog farm

Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in which of the following?

Saltwater intrusion

The excessive pumping of groundwater from wells can influence the water levels below ground. Which of the following is more likely to occur in aquifers in coastal areas than in aquifers in other regions?

Saltwater intrusion into the aquifers

A farmer observes that increasingly higher concentrations of a particular pesticide have been required each year over the past ten years to achieve the same level of effectiveness on a specific insect pest. Which of the following best helps explain the observation?

Some individual insects are more likely than others to survive and reproduce due to their inherited traits.

(A) Carbon (B) Sodium (C) Sulfur (D) Phosphorus (E) Potassium This element in pyrite contributes to acid mine drainage.

Sulfur

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught. B

Which of the following is a limitation of using only the data in the table to complete an ecological footprint analysis of the different students?

The footprint is a static analysis and does not include all environmental impacts of an individual.

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following?

The water is contaminated with animal waste.

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories of human consumption?

acres for grazing cattle- 0 acres for growing corn-100

Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat

beef

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to

eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting methods, therefore ensuring fish populations remain stable and reducing the amount bycatch harvested

Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are

erosion and desertification

The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water

has been contaminated by untreated human or animal waste

Vegetarianism is often cited as a partial solution to the growing problem of deforestation and other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is

more people can be fed using less agricultural land because vegetarians eat at a lower trophic level

Environmentalists oppose the mining of antarctic mineral resources because

the antarctic environment is fragile and extremely vulnerable to the disturbances that would accompany development

It has recently been estimated that the growth in world population has slowed in the past decade. Despite this trend, environmentalists remain concerned about the environmental impact of world population, principally because

the standard of living is increasing in many developing countries, leading to an increased per capita use of natural resources