Unit 8 Patho

When a 55-year-old client's routine blood work returns, the nurse notes that the client's C-reactive protein (CRP) is elevated. The client asks what that means. How should the nurse respond?

"This means you have elevated serum markers for systemic inflammation that has been associated with vascular disease."

The nurse is caring for a client who has just experienced an acute myocardial infarction. Which type of shock is this client likely to experience?

Cardiogenic Shock

A client is rushed to the emergency department with assessment findings of urticaria, wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. The client is most likely experiencing which type of shock?

Anaphylactic shock

A health care provider for an obese male who has a history of diabetes and hypertension reports that the client's glomerular filtration rate is 51 mL/min with elevated serum creatinine levels. What has caused the patient's chronic kidney failure?

Diabetes and high blood pressure

An 86-year-old client presents to the ER with dehydration related to diuretic use. What phase of acute kidney injury is the client at risk for?

Diuretic phase

The nurse's brother is not convinced that he should quit smoking. He asks his sister (the nurse) to demonstrate for him the more immediate effects of smoking on his health. What are the immediate effects of quitting smoking on the heart?

Elevated blood pressure

Increased cardiac workload with left-sided heart failure can result in atrophy of the myocardial cells? True or False

False

A client has passed a kidney stone composed of uric acid (urate). What is a contributing factor for the development of this type of kidney stone?

Gout Uric acid stones develop in conditions of gout and high concentrations of uric acid in the urine.

A 20-year-old college student has a pelvic fracture and a severed leg from a motorcycle accident. She lost several units of blood. When the student arrived in the emergency department, her blood pressure was very low, her pulse was high, and her skin was pale. The nurse knows that this client has developed which type of shock?

Hypovolemic Shock

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL(Low-density lipoprotein)

A client reports severe indigestion that has been intermittent; however, the pain is now constant and feels like a vise. The nurse does an ECG and recognizes that the situation is possibly emergent due to ECG changes, which could indicate what?

Myocardial infarction

What are the three phases of acute kidney injury?

Oliguric, diuretic, recovery

The nursing instructor, when teaching the students about coronary artery disease, identifies that atherosclerosis is the main cause of CAD. True or False

True

What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis?

coagulase-negative staphylococci In persons with preexisting valvular or endocardial defects, simple gum massage or an innocuous oral lesion may afford the pathogenic bacteria access to the bloodstream

Which description sums up the basic pathophysiology of heart failure?

loss of ventricular efficiency with a decrease in cardiac output As a result, blood flow to body tissues declines, and sympathetic reflexes of vasoconstriction and increase in heart rate attempt to compensate. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated, and aldosterone, which causes myocardial remodeling, is released