Urinary System
The average glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is ________.
30 mm Hg
How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contribute to a decrease in blood volume and systemic blood pressure?
ANP dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole.
Calculate the NFP, if the GHP is 50 mm Hg, the GCOP is 30 mm Hg and the CHP is 15 mm Hg.
NFP = 5 mm Hg
Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption?
Tubular reabsorption reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood.
A glomerulus is:
a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.
What chemical is necessary for the transformation of angiotensin-I (A-I) into active angiotensin-II (A-II)?
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Items reclaimed during tubular reabsorption are moved to the interstitial fluids and then to the:
blood
The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate:
blood pH
A drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to:
decreased blood pressure
Filtrate traveling through the renal tubule travels from the thick ascending limb to the:
distal tubule
T/F: Urine dripping from a renal pyramid passes first into the major calyx then into the minor calyx.
false
What are the three parts of the filtration membrane?
filtration slits formed by podocytes, endothelial cells of the glomerulus, basal lamina
Which of the following is the capillary bed fed by the afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole?
glomerular capillaries
The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:
glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
Increased water reabsorption in the descending limb of the nephron loop will result in __________.
increased NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb
The right kidney sits ________ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver.
inferior
What urinary structure produces the urine filtrate?
kidney
A decrease in GFR will cause __________.
lower Na and Cl ion concentration in the distal tubule
The functional units of the kidneys are:
nephrons
Which of the following is controlled voluntarily?
opening of the external urethral sphincter
What structures in the glomerular capsule interdigitate to form filtration slits?
podocytes
In what part of the renal tube does most reabsorption of substances occur?
proximal tubule
Most nutrients, such as glucose, are reabsorbed in the __________.
proximal tubule
The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the:
proximal tubule
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:
regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.
Where are the renal corpuscles found in the kidney?
renal cortex
In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located?
renal medulla
The micturition reflex is initiated by __________.
stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder
The glomerular filtration rate is defined as:
the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute.
Urine drains from a major calyx into:
the renal pelvis
In the ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle), the:
thick segment is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium and chloride ions
T/F: The glomerulus is fed and drained by arterioles.
true
T/F: The thin descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water, and not very permeable to solutes, in order to increase the concentration of the filtrate as it reaches the bottom of the loop.
true
Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the:
ureter
What urinary structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
ureter
What are the components of the urinary tract?
ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Which structure plays a critical role in countercurrent exchanger?
vasa recta
The thin descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to __________.
water
