Urinary System

The average glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is ________.

30 mm Hg

How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contribute to a decrease in blood volume and systemic blood pressure?

ANP dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole.

Calculate the NFP, if the GHP is 50 mm Hg, the GCOP is 30 mm Hg and the CHP is 15 mm Hg.

NFP = 5 mm Hg

Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption?

Tubular reabsorption reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood.

A glomerulus is:

a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

What chemical is necessary for the transformation of angiotensin-I (A-I) into active angiotensin-II (A-II)?

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

Items reclaimed during tubular reabsorption are moved to the interstitial fluids and then to the:

blood

The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate:

blood pH

A drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to:

decreased blood pressure

Filtrate traveling through the renal tubule travels from the thick ascending limb to the:

distal tubule

T/F: Urine dripping from a renal pyramid passes first into the major calyx then into the minor calyx.

false

What are the three parts of the filtration membrane?

filtration slits formed by podocytes, endothelial cells of the glomerulus, basal lamina

Which of the following is the capillary bed fed by the afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole?

glomerular capillaries

The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

Increased water reabsorption in the descending limb of the nephron loop will result in __________.

increased NaCl reabsorption in the ascending limb

The right kidney sits ________ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver.

inferior

What urinary structure produces the urine filtrate?

kidney

A decrease in GFR will cause __________.

lower Na and Cl ion concentration in the distal tubule

The functional units of the kidneys are:

nephrons

Which of the following is controlled voluntarily?

opening of the external urethral sphincter

What structures in the glomerular capsule interdigitate to form filtration slits?

podocytes

In what part of the renal tube does most reabsorption of substances occur?

proximal tubule

Most nutrients, such as glucose, are reabsorbed in the __________.

proximal tubule

The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the:

proximal tubule

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:

regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

Where are the renal corpuscles found in the kidney?

renal cortex

In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located?

renal medulla

The micturition reflex is initiated by __________.

stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder

The glomerular filtration rate is defined as:

the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute.

Urine drains from a major calyx into:

the renal pelvis

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle), the:

thick segment is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium and chloride ions

T/F: The glomerulus is fed and drained by arterioles.

true

T/F: The thin descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water, and not very permeable to solutes, in order to increase the concentration of the filtrate as it reaches the bottom of the loop.

true

Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the:

ureter

What urinary structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?

ureter

What are the components of the urinary tract?

ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Which structure plays a critical role in countercurrent exchanger?

vasa recta

The thin descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to __________.

water