US HIStory
V-E Day
"Victory in Europe Day" when Germany surrendered (May 8, 1945)
V-J Day
"Victory in Japan Day" when Japan surrendered (September 2, 1945)
Eisenhower Prosidency
'52-'60
Iran Hostage Situation
1979. Iran students held 63 diplomats and three citizens hostage for 444 days under presidency of Carter
Watergate Break-In
1972. Nixon's team tried to plant bugs in opponent's quarters, Nixon recorder conversation confirming his knowledge of this; then tampered with evidence during trial; ONLY PRESIDENT TO RESEIGN
Carter/Camp David Accords
1978 Israeli-Egyptian peace agreement. Height of success for US foreign policy. Height of Carter's presidency
Nuremberg laws
1935 laws defining the staus of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood
The Gulf of Tonkin
1964. Pair of attacks by naval forces of North Vietnam against two US destroyers. Stepped up US involvement. Gave more power to US president
Savanna
A dry grassland dotted with trees and bushes
Causes of WWII
Alliances; nationalism; militarism; building of arms;
Counter-Culture of the 60s
Anti-War Movement; Hippies; San Francisco; LOOSENING OF TRADITIONAL VALUES/RULES
Nixon/Soviet Union and China
Attempted to play both sides against one another
Reagan's political objectives as president
Believed in a balanced budged; increase in military spending; cut aid to impoverished society. Big conservative
US at end of WWII
Big commie scare. US was most affluent and lest war ravaged
Korean War/Vietnam War/ Congress
Both undeclared wars.
Civil Rights during the 60s
Catalyst for activists groups; picketing; sit-ins
Iron Curtain
Churchill's term for separation between communism and capitalism in Europe
Watergate Affait/Deception
Concept of democracy; hijack of election; shook US confidence in government
Protests of Vietnam
Draft Resistance, Violence in colleges, student activists
Nixon's "Vietnamization"
Encouraged South Vietnamese to take more responsibility for war; enabled US to slowly withdraw all troops
New Frontier/Great Society
FDR influence. Government should address social needs as their duty. Eliminate poverty and racial injustice.Kennedy: New Frontier. Johnson: Great Society
The Central Powers
Germany, A-H, the Ottoman Empire
Truman Doctrine
It stated that the US would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent theri falling into the Soviet's control; disallow outside influence
The Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, (US)
Acquisition of colonies after the Spanish-American War/Controversy
Heavily debated. What should be done with new countries? Should the US be imperialistic or give them self-determination and US values?
Zyklon-B
Hydrogen cyanide crystals used to gas prisoners
Domino Theory
If one more country falls to communism, the rest will fall.
Depression/Government
Increase in role of government programs, some of which are still around.
Major Issues during Carter's presidency
Inflation; Salt Negotiation; Human rights; Iranian hostages
Hiroshima
Japanese city on which the first atomic bomb was dropped (August 6, 1945)
Nagasaki
Japenese city on which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945)
Progressives
Kept pushing things forward. Believed the government was an agent for change and improvement of the lives of the US. Middle Class movement as opposed to the Populust agrarian farmers.
US during Vietnam
LDB presided over the US with his Great Society and new government programs which were severly financially undercut. His role in the war was often criticized as he stepped up the US involvement in Vietnam. This disabled him from running for reelection
Nuclear family
household made up of a mother, father, and children
Containment
Main component of foreign policy during the post WWII era. Keep communism from spreading outside of where is already is
Warren Court's decisions in the 1960s
More rights for suspects. Full extension of protection through the Bill of Rights
Causes of Discomfort among youth during the 60s
Nationalism; what did Johnson address, and where were they mad?
Impact of WWII on American Society
Newfound optimism; romens role during wartimes helped their push for equality; semi-integrated military promoted civil rights movement; put the brakes on the Great Depression
Kristallnacht
Night of the Broken Glass; November 9, 1938, when mobs thoughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorised Jews
Nixon's policies of invading Cambodia and Vietnamization
Nixon encouraged South Vietnam to take control. This did not eliminate the Viet Cong
War Powers Act
Notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops; had to gain congress' approval to stay longer than 90 days; designed to curtail President's power
Muckraker
One who investigates and exposes issues of corruption
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or nation origin. Did no address voting. Fuller realization of 14th Amendment
Gerald ford's liability in the '76 election
Pardonned Nixon and his approval rating TANKED
Pentagon Papers
President tried to prevent the Times from publishing articles about his conduct of the Vietnam War. Congress ruled the President would be in violation of the 1st Amendment
Tet Offensive
South Vietnamese went into North Vietnam and took over a US embassy. Turning point of Vietnam. Was seemingly in US control until this point... shook US confidence in military
Causes of the Great Depression
Stock market crash; consumer debt and spending
Port Huron Statement
Student activist movement who condemned racism, poverty, and cold war. Wanted to restrict power to corporations, military, and politicians
Social Darwnism
WASP dominate. All others are lesser; Superior should rule.
Conservative momvement by '80 supporters
Wanted to go back to the good old days. Too much government
Vietname/Guerilla Warfare
blurred line between military and civilians; made surprise attacks on US frequent; Viet Cong took toll on our military
Carter/Human Rights
Would restrict financial aid to countries who had human rights he disagreed with.
Death Camp
a camp existing primarily for the quick killing of prisoners
"Juda Verrecke!"
a favorite Nazi slogan that meant Death to Juadaism
Lineage
a group of people descended from a common ancestor
Plantation
a large farm on which the labor of slaves or other workers is used ot grow a single crop
trust
a legal combonation of companies brought together to gain control of an industry and reduce competition
social gospel movement
a movement emphasizing the application of Christian principles to social problems
dictator
a person who has complete power and authority over a country
Standing Cells
a punishment cell 35 x 35 inches, occupied by four prisoners. After standing all night, they joined work crews during days
muckraker
a writer whose investigative articles or books attacked abuses such as child labor or corruption
initiative
allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it
Pearl Harbor
american base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japnese planes on Decemeber 7, 1941. the bombing of this forced the US to enter the war
Olmec
an ancient people of the southern east coast of Mexico who flourished about 1200 to 400
direct primary
an election open to all votes within the party
Songhal
an empire that controlled much of central Africa in the 1500
tenement
apartment building found in many cities around the nation
War Bonds
certificates sold by the US government to pay for the war
Julag
concentration camp with only Jewish inmates
Swastika
emblem on the Nazi flag. The swastika was a cross with ends bent at a right angle
Aryan
in Nazi terminology, the Master Race
settlement houses
institutions that provided educational and social services to poor people
d-day
invasion of Normandy, France, by the Allies (June 6, 1944)
Monroe Doctrine
justified American intervention in foreign territory
Holocaust
mass murder of European Jews by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis
Zionism
movement among Jews to establish a Jewish State in Palestine
Nomadic
moving from place to place.
Iroquois
n American Indian confederacy originally of New York consisting of the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca and later including the Tuscarora
final solution
name given to the German goal of killing all European Jews
Hierarchy
organized according to rank
immigrants
people from other countries coming to America to look for jobs
atom bomb
powerful weapon created from the splitting of atoms. It was used by Harrry S. Truman on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end WWII
Anti-Semitism
prejudice or hostility towards Jews
concentration camps
prison camps established by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party for Jews and other political prisoners during the war
progressives
reformers who dominated the political landscape of the early 1900s
suburbs
residential neighborhoods
ghetto
section of city inhabited only by Jews
Patriotic
showing love and suppport for one's own country
Judenfrei
slogan meaning "cleasened of Jews", used by Nazis after every Jew was either dead or removed from an area
Shtetl
small Jewish communities in Poland
relocation camps
special camps in the US where Japanese Americans were detained after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
Home Front
term given to the US mainland during the war
"Moslems"
the "walking dead" of concentration camps who looked and acted like zombies
Division of labor
the breakdown of labor into its components and their distribution among different persons, groups, or machines to increase productive efficiency
urbanization
the growth of cities
Kinship
the quality or state of being family
Mischlenge
those with mixed Jewish and Gentile blood
ration
to allow only certain amounts of food, gasoline, and other goods to each person
political machine
well organized political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes
Death Wall
where firing squad executions took place