US History II

What was the Moro Massacre?

In March of 1906, almost four years after President Roosevelt had declared the war over, Wood led the least dangerous of the invasions forced upon the Philippines. The Moros had hidden themselves in the bowl of an extinct volcano with the weaponry of a cave man: wood sticks and widdled staffs. There were only 900 Moros including men, women, and children. Wood ordered "kill or capture the 900." Sadly, not one Moro was left alive.

On the same day that Admiral Dewey welcomed General Aguinaldo, what happened on the islands?

President McKinley had ordered his secretary of war to send 20,000 troops to occupy the Philippines.

Who declared the Philippine-American war over and when?

President Roosevelt, July 4th, 1902

Who was Leonard Wood?

The man who led the "Moro Massacre" in 1906

When was the first shot of the New Philippine War?

The night of February 4th, 1899.

What is the Treaty of Paris?

The treaty that Spain signed surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guam, and the Philippines to the US

What did the Spanish do to the Filipinos in the 16th century?

They colonized them and converted a majority of then to Catholicism.

What were the Majors of the American military told the age limit was to kill Filipinos?

"Everything over ten"

What countries did Spain sign to cede control over with the US? In which year? For how much?

-Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines -December, 1898 -$20 million

After the war, how many Filipinos and how many Americans had died?

4,000 Philippine troops, 250 Americans

What is the "water cure?"

A common way of torture that the American soldiers used to interrogate Filipino prisoners to get information out of them. They would pour water down their throats until they were closed to drowning, then sock them in the stomach to make them speak.

What was the group called who resisted both Spanish and American occupation?

A group of Malays who were called Moros (moors or muslims)

What did President McKinley order Admiral Dewey to do to the Filipino ships?

Admiral Dewey was told he had to seize Filipino ships. He confiscated their canons, seized their gunboats, and said they were flying unauthorized colors- it was just the Filipino flag.

What happened when Aguinaldo met with Admiral Dewey?

Admiral Dewey welcomed Aguinaldo as a general and expressed warm hospitality. Admiral Dewey explained to Aguinaldo that the US has no need for colonies and that they just want to make friends. Aguinaldo asked for the alliance to be sealed in writing, but Admiral Dewey said that the honorary word of Americans was much more powerful than a signed document.

What happened on May 1, 1898?

Admiral George Dewey led his squadron to destroy the Spanish fleet in Manila Harbor, in the Philippines.

Who did Aguinaldo appeal to and what did he ask for? What was the response?

Aguinaldo appealed to the US military commander, General Elwell S. Otis to stop the fighting, but Otis wasn't going to give in so easily. His response was, "fighting, having begun, must go on to the grim end."

What occurred in 1901?

Aguinaldo was captured and forced to pledge allegiance to the US government.

In the end, how many Filipinos and Americans died?

At least 200,000 Filipinos and about 4,000 American soldiers

What happened with the Treaty with Spain? When was if ratified (signed or given formal consent)?

Congress almost didn't ratify this treaty. The yellow journals falsely reported that the Filipinos started the war, which led to several senators voting in favor of the treaty and it was ratified on FEBRUARY 6th, 1899

When was the Treaty of Paris signed by Spain and the US?

December 10th, 1898

What did the US and the Spanish agree to in August of 1898?

Dewey and a Spanish general, Fermin Jaudenes agreed to stage a mock battle. This would trick the Filipinos into believing that the US was on their side and further strengthen their trust.

What other torturous techniques were used against the Filipinos?

Electric shock, severe beatings, and water boarding (different from water cure)

Who was the leader of the Philippine revolution against Spain?

Emilio Aguinaldo

What did the black soldiers think of fighting against the Filipinos?

It was hard for them to fight against a minority like themselves in their own country. They felt awful killing them, but they didn't have the nerve to turn against their own country.

When did the Filipinos declare independence from Spain?

June 12, 1898. With the help of the American military, they were able to find the Spanish forces and conquer their homelands for themselves.

What is the capital of the Philippines?

Manila

Who was the president following McKinley and did he support the war?

Teddy Roosevelt, and yes he believed it was a war to "extend anglo-American progress and decency"

What did the Moros call the Massacre?

The Battle of Bud Dajo

What was McKinley's Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation and when was it enforced?

The Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation was the US telling the Filipinos that they were now under American control. They posted it throughout the islands to get the word around. Though the US claimed they didn't come "as invaders or conquerors, but as friends", not one Filipino bought it. The US stated, "The future control, disposition, and government of the Philippine islands are ceded to the United States". This set off the Filipinos considering it was enforced only eleven days after the signing of the Treaty of Paris.

What the Filipinos do when they found out about the mock battle?

The Filipinos were not happy, but they continued to try to establish their own republic. They wrote a new constitution with three branches of government and added some individual rights- they were trying to take after the US.

After the agreement of Spain surrendering, what did the US do?

They had the Spanish troops evacuated from the fort that had planned to bomb. Once the troops were gone, the US bombed as planned and raised their flag tall and proud on Filipino soil. This making it official that the Filipinos weren't free, they just had a new ruler.

Why did Spain agree to surrendering?

They realized that the US were going to win anyway and they had already taken Cuba from them. They were happy to save their energy from another war with the Americans.

What were the United States' main purposes in conquering the Philippines?

To utilize their business and have them be a "stepping-stone to China"

A new suggestion of the American flag was purposed after the Battle of Bud Dajo, what was it?

Turn the stripes to black and white and have the stars replaced with skull and crossbones

How did the first shot come about? Who fired it?

Two American guards were watching over their district when they saw some strange red signal and heard a Filipino whistle. A man then appeared from behind a corner and once the guard had yelled "Halt!" and Filipino mocked him, he fired. The shooter was William Grayson

Which US citizen admitted that it was part of the plan to initiate war with the attack of Santa Mesa?

US General Arthur MacArthur