Visible body quizzes for exam 1

Which of the following occurs with deep wounds?

Scar tissue forms and the tissue loses its normal function.

If you were explaining the skin's touch receptors to a friend who doesn't understand them, your explanation should include all of the following points except

Sebaceous glands--located in most parts of the skin--detect light touch, pressure, and vibration.

Which of the following describes how signals pass through a typical single neuron?

Signals pass from the dendrites through the cell body and down the axon to the axon terminals.

If your instructor asked you to explain what causes goosebumps, which of the following would you likely say?

Smooth muscle called the arrector pili is attached to the hair and can contract to pull the hair upright, producing goosebumps.

What occurs during cytokinesis?

The cytoplasm and cell body are divided into two new cells.

If your instructor asked you to identify the correct order of the epidermis layers, from deep to superficial, which of the following would you choose?

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum

Which of the following describes how the healing process is different for superficial versus deeper wounds?

Superficial wounds are repaired by the cells of the wounded tissue, while deeper wounds form scar tissue and cause the tissue to lose its normal function.

Which of the following is a difference between tendons and ligaments?

Tendons attach muscle to bone, while ligaments attach bone to bone.

All of the following are part of the multistep process through which the body repairs injuries except

The body limits inflammation, so it can easily access the damaged tissue and initiate repair.

After the synthesis phase of interphase, how many chromatids are there in the cell?

92

How would you describe mitosis to a peer who isn't familiar with the process?

As the process through which a cell divides the genetic information within its nucleus into two exact sets within independent nuclei

Which of the following is a shared characteristic of hair and nails?

Both are made of dead epidermal cells that have been converted to keratin.

All of the following statements accurately compare two types of skin cells except

Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells detect touch stimuli.

How would you describe cellular respiration to someone who doesn't understand the concept?

Cellular respiration is a series of processes that take place within a cell to break down glucose to make ATP.

Which of the following describes what occurs during the elongation stage of DNA replication?

DNA polymerase brings in the correct bases to complement the template strand, synthesizing a new strand base by base.

Which of the following accurately compares the tissue repair process for deep and superficial wounds?

Deep wounds result in the formation of scar tissue, whereas superficial wounds do not.

Which of the following is a major difference between interphase and mitosis and cytokinesis?

During interphase, the cell is not dividing, while during mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell is dividing.

Which of the following is a difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands release secretions directly into the surrounding tissues and fluids, while exocrine glands release secretions through a duct that opens to the external environment.

Which of the following indicates the layers of skin, from superficial to deep?

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

All of the following are cell types included in the epidermis except

Fibroblasts.

Which of the following explains how the direction of osmosis depends on the concentration of the solution around the cell?

In an isotonic solution, water input and output is balanced; in a hypotonic solution, the cell swells and may burst; and in a hypertonic solution, water flows out and the cell shrinks.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of passive transport and active transport?

In passive transport, certain molecules move through the cell's selectively permeable membrane without the cell using any energy, whereas in active transport, cells use specialized channels or carriers to move molecules across the membrane.

Which of the following describes inflammation's role in the process of healing an injury?

Inflammation limits the extent of the injury.

Which of the following outlines the cell cycle in the correct order?

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

How would you explain why the DNA replication process is called "semiconservative"?

It is semiconservative because half of the original DNA molecule is conserved in each new DNA molecule.

If you were to explain the functions of blood to a peer, you could include all of the following except

It transports waste carbon dioxide from the lungs to body cells.

What distinguishes the first cervical spinal nerve from the sacral, lumbar, and thoracic spinal nerves?

Its region is innervated by the trigeminal cranial nerve (CN V), rather than a dermatome.

Hair has all the following functions except

Keeping moisture from leaving the body.

How would you describe a key difference in the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes?

Lysosomes break down and digest unneeded cellular components, while peroxisomes process and neutralize toxins.

Which of the following is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells, while mitosis produces two identical clones of the parent.

If you were giving an oral presentation on the different components that originate in the reticular region of the dermis, which of the following points would you not want to include?

Melanocytes produce the pigment melanin, which absorbs ultraviolet rays and determines skin color.

If your friend asked you to explain how different types of cells are involved in tissue repair, you would likely include all of the following in your explanation except

Merkel cells from torn vessels work to form a mesh-like clot that prevents blood loss.

How would you explain the avascular nature of epithelial tissues to another student who needs clarification on this concept?

No blood vessels cross the basement membrane to enter the tissue, and nutrients must come by diffusion or absorption from underlying tissues or the surface.

All of the following are functions proteins have in the body except

Preventing all substances from crossing cell membranes.

Which of the following are the major stages that make up mitosis, in the correct order?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

All of the following are functions of the skin except

Releasing digestive enzymes.

Which of the following distinguishes the epidermis from the dermis?

The epidermis is epithelial tissue, whereas the dermis is connective tissue.

All of the following are examples of the functions of connective tissues except

The intestines secreting enzymes to digest food.

Which of the following is a major difference between prophase and telophase?

The loosely packed chromatin coils and condenses into visible chromosomes during prophase, and the chromosomes uncoil to return to loosely packed chromatin during telophase.

Which of the following functions of epithelial tissues aids in digestion?

The secretion and release of mucus and specific chemical compounds

Which of the following is a similarity among DNA replication, transcription, and translation?

They all consist of three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

All of the following describe the testes except

They use mitosis to produce male sex cells.

If a cell completes mitosis but doesn't undergo cytokinesis, this would result in a larger cell with more than one nucleus. What is the implication of such cells?

This can be an unwanted aberration and might be a sign of cancerous cells.

Which of the following describes the main functions of transcription and translation?

Transcription synthesizes a strand of mRNA that is complementary to the gene of interest, while translation synthesizes a protein within the ribosome

Which of the following causes skin cells to produce vitamin D?

Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight

Which of the following is true regarding how epithelial tissue and connective tissue relate to each other?

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix.

Which of the following statements accurately compares voluntary and involuntary muscle movement?

Voluntary muscle movement is under conscious control, while involuntary muscle movement is not under conscious control.

When the cell needs to move molecules from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration, it uses specialized channels or carriers in the cell membrane. This process expends energy and is called

active transport

During mitosis, pairs of sister chromatids are separated from one another, forming individual chromosomes that are pulled to opposite ends of the cell. This phase is called

anaphase

Which of the following is a similarity between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

both transport materials for cellular growth

All of the following occur during the interphase of the cell cycle except cells

create two daughter cells

The assembly of the protein's amino acid chain occurs in the _____ and is facilitated by _____.

cytoplasm, ribosomes

A _____ is a region of skin that sends sensory information through a single pair of spinal nerves.

dermatome

Perspiration from _____ sweat glands aids in thermoregulation by releasing heat from the body, whereas _____ sweat glands are active during emotional sweating and sexual activities.

eccrine, apocrine

During the proliferative phase of wound-healing, _____ build new tissue by secreting _____ that takes the shape of the original tissue.

fibroblast, collagen

Because each sex cell is _____ and genetically unique, it can combine with another sex cell during fertilization to create offspring with genetic variation.

haploid

The microscopic study of tissue appearance, organization, and function is called

histology

Which of the following is true regarding a mature red blood cell?

it does not have a nucleus at all

Which of the following distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal and cardiac muscle?

it is non-striated

All of the following are ways RNA differs from DNA except

its structure is completely different from that of DNA

Of the three types of filaments that form the cytoskeleton, _____ are the thickest.

microtubules

Which phase of the cell cycle involves dividing genetic material, breaking the cell nucleus into two fully functional nuclei?

mitosis

Which part of the nail consists of epidermal cells that divide to produce new nail cells, allowing the nail to grow?

nail matrix

Which of the following is the most complex and highly organized body system?

nervous system

Nervous tissue consists of cells called _____, which pass information, and cells that support them, called _____.

neurons, neuroglia

Within the plasma membrane, the lipid tails are

not dissolved by water

Inside the cytoplasm are structures called _____, which perform essential cellular functions.

organelles

Diffusion of water across a cell's plasma membrane is called

osmosis

The female sex cells are produced through meiosis in the

ovaries

In a hypertonic solution, there is a greater concentration of water inside the cell than outside it. As a result, the cell

shrinks as water flows out

Which of the following is the body's largest and heaviest organ?

skin

All of following are parts of the spermatic cord except

sperm

What are the male gametes called?

sperm

All of the following are functions of the dermis except

storing fat

Which of the following is a layer of the epidermis?

stratum spinosum

Which of the following is not considered one of the three main types of muscle tissue?

striated

Which of the following explains why the phospholipid molecules of the plasma membrane arrange themselves with the heads facing outward toward the cytosol and extracellular fluid and the tails facing inward toward each other?

the head is hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic

All of the following are true of ribosomes except

they are primarily involved in the process of diffusion

All of the following explain the role of mitochondria in the cell except

they produce lipids

All protein building occurs through two principal steps, which are

transcription and translation