vitamins ch8

Cells require vitamin _ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

_ is the most active form of vitamin A in the body

Retinol

what is the most active form of vitamin a in the body?

Retinol

Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin?

Riboflavin

The B vitamin that has been used to treat elevated LDL cholesterol levels is

Niacin

a water soluble vitamin that is involved in the release of energy from macronutrients is

Niacin

although not used currently as a medication, which vitamin was previously used to lower blood cholesterol levels

Niacin

which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy

Niacin

which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates

Thiamin

diets supplying high amounts of _ may slow the progression of age related macular degeneration (AMD)

carotenoids

the yellow, orange, and red pigments in fruits and vegetables are called

carotenoids

Folic acid is a synthetic form of which vitamin?

folate

what is the synthetic form of folate

folic acid

the consumption of which foods has been associated with a decrease in the risk of developing age related macular degeneration ?

fruits and veggies

vitamin c is found in the highest amounts in which two of the following food groups?

fruits and veggies

which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin c

fruits and veggies

protein in rbc

globin

when a cancer patient is told that his or her cancer has metastasized this means the cancer has

has spread to other tissues

Homocysteine may be a biochemical marker or risk factor for______.

heart disease

iron containing

heme

The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is known as

hemoglobin

Diets supplying ______ amounts of carotenoids may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

high

A disease has __________________ when cancer spreads to other tissues.

metastasized

what are some foods that are good sources of riboflavin

milk, spinach, yogurt

what are some foods that are good sources of riboflavin?

milk, yogurt, soinach

choose the foods that are typically fortified with vitamin d

orange juice, margarine, milk, ready-to-eat cereals

Choose the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme A.

pantothenic acid

which of the following has the greatest impact on your long-term health?

quitting smoking

an agent that causes birth defects is called a

teratogen

_ is a water soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of one from carbohydrates

thiamin

what is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

vitamin

which of the following are considered roles of vitamins

-Regulates a variety of body processes -Involved in the growth and development of tissues

what criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin

- signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from diet - the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health - the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods

which foods are good sources of vitamin D

-Milk -Salmon -Herring

which of the following is true about coenzymes

-Regulates a chemical reaction -Cofactor

when are vitamin supplements recommended

-metabolic defects that increase vitamin requirements -specific vitamin deficiency diseases

Usually water-soluble vitamins are not toxic as they do not accumulate in the body. There is one exception to this rule when high doses of what water-soluble vitamin can cause sensory nerve damage?

B-6

Although commonly used for this purpose, scientific studies do not show that megadoses of vitamin _____ prevents the common cold.

C

which of the following are examples of vitamins that many american adults don't receive enough of

D, E

many americans consume less than the recommended amounts of vitamins

D, E, and choline

which foods are good sources of vitamin E

Sunflower seeds and plant oils

collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin

Vitamin C

scurvy is the disease caused by the deficiency of

Vitamin C

Plant oils, such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing, are rich food sources of ______.

Vitamin E

The use of which vitamin supplement has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and hemorrhagic stroke?

Vitamin E

what vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively

Vitamin K

In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that

add carbon dioxide to other compounds.

drinking recommended intake of fluid and other nonalcoholic fluids may reduce the risk of _ cancer

bladder

what is the primary function of vitamin K

blood clotting

_____ is the second leading cause of death in the US

cancer

aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risks for

cancer

what is the second leading cause of death in the United States?

cancer

vitamin B-6 is helpful in preventing

cardiovascular disease

it is unnecessary to consume 100% of all vitamins every day because

cells contain a supply of vitamins, bacteria in the intestinal tract can produce some vitamins, the body can synthesize some vitamins

In order to make phospholipids and acetylcholine, the body needs the vitamin called

choline

a small, organic molecule that interacts with enzymes, enabling the enzymes to function is called a

coenzyme

what is an ion or small molecule that regulates a chemical reaction

coenzyme

which of the following are functions of vitamin C

collagen synthesis, immune system functioning

when should the consumption of vitamin A supplements be avoided

during pregnancy

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

energy metabolism and fatty acid synthesis

Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold

false

which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins?

regulates body processes, involved in cell division and development

which of the following are water-soluble vitamins

riboflavin, vitamin B-6, niacin

the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet is called

scurvy

the _ _ is the primary site of vitamin absorption

small intestine

vitamin c absorption occurs in the

small intestine

what is the primary site of vitamin absorption

small intestine

where does vitamin c absorption occur

small intestine

which of the following does the most harm to your health

smoking

which cooking methods best preserve the vitamin content of foods?

steaming, stir-frying, microwaving

which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate

vitamin B 12

choose the vitamins that are water soluble

vitamin C, B vitamins

vitamin supplements are effective for treating people with

vitamin deficiencies