vitamins ch8
Cells require vitamin _ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate.
B-12
_ is the most active form of vitamin A in the body
Retinol
what is the most active form of vitamin a in the body?
Retinol
Milk, yogurt, liver, and enriched cereals are all good sources of which vitamin?
Riboflavin
The B vitamin that has been used to treat elevated LDL cholesterol levels is
Niacin
a water soluble vitamin that is involved in the release of energy from macronutrients is
Niacin
although not used currently as a medication, which vitamin was previously used to lower blood cholesterol levels
Niacin
which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy
Niacin
which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates
Thiamin
diets supplying high amounts of _ may slow the progression of age related macular degeneration (AMD)
carotenoids
the yellow, orange, and red pigments in fruits and vegetables are called
carotenoids
Folic acid is a synthetic form of which vitamin?
folate
what is the synthetic form of folate
folic acid
the consumption of which foods has been associated with a decrease in the risk of developing age related macular degeneration ?
fruits and veggies
vitamin c is found in the highest amounts in which two of the following food groups?
fruits and veggies
which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin c
fruits and veggies
protein in rbc
globin
when a cancer patient is told that his or her cancer has metastasized this means the cancer has
has spread to other tissues
Homocysteine may be a biochemical marker or risk factor for______.
heart disease
iron containing
heme
The protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen is known as
hemoglobin
Diets supplying ______ amounts of carotenoids may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
high
A disease has __________________ when cancer spreads to other tissues.
metastasized
what are some foods that are good sources of riboflavin
milk, spinach, yogurt
what are some foods that are good sources of riboflavin?
milk, yogurt, soinach
choose the foods that are typically fortified with vitamin d
orange juice, margarine, milk, ready-to-eat cereals
Choose the water-soluble vitamin that is a component of coenzyme A.
pantothenic acid
which of the following has the greatest impact on your long-term health?
quitting smoking
an agent that causes birth defects is called a
teratogen
_ is a water soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of one from carbohydrates
thiamin
what is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?
vitamin
which of the following are considered roles of vitamins
-Regulates a variety of body processes -Involved in the growth and development of tissues
what criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin
- signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from diet - the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health - the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
which foods are good sources of vitamin D
-Milk -Salmon -Herring
which of the following is true about coenzymes
-Regulates a chemical reaction -Cofactor
when are vitamin supplements recommended
-metabolic defects that increase vitamin requirements -specific vitamin deficiency diseases
Usually water-soluble vitamins are not toxic as they do not accumulate in the body. There is one exception to this rule when high doses of what water-soluble vitamin can cause sensory nerve damage?
B-6
Although commonly used for this purpose, scientific studies do not show that megadoses of vitamin _____ prevents the common cold.
C
which of the following are examples of vitamins that many american adults don't receive enough of
D, E
many americans consume less than the recommended amounts of vitamins
D, E, and choline
which foods are good sources of vitamin E
Sunflower seeds and plant oils
collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin
Vitamin C
scurvy is the disease caused by the deficiency of
Vitamin C
Plant oils, such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing, are rich food sources of ______.
Vitamin E
The use of which vitamin supplement has been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and hemorrhagic stroke?
Vitamin E
what vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively
Vitamin K
In its coenzyme form, biotin participates in chemical reactions that
add carbon dioxide to other compounds.
drinking recommended intake of fluid and other nonalcoholic fluids may reduce the risk of _ cancer
bladder
what is the primary function of vitamin K
blood clotting
_____ is the second leading cause of death in the US
cancer
aging, family history, using tobacco, and being exposed to radiation are all risks for
cancer
what is the second leading cause of death in the United States?
cancer
vitamin B-6 is helpful in preventing
cardiovascular disease
it is unnecessary to consume 100% of all vitamins every day because
cells contain a supply of vitamins, bacteria in the intestinal tract can produce some vitamins, the body can synthesize some vitamins
In order to make phospholipids and acetylcholine, the body needs the vitamin called
choline
a small, organic molecule that interacts with enzymes, enabling the enzymes to function is called a
coenzyme
what is an ion or small molecule that regulates a chemical reaction
coenzyme
which of the following are functions of vitamin C
collagen synthesis, immune system functioning
when should the consumption of vitamin A supplements be avoided
during pregnancy
In the body, pantothenic acid is important for
energy metabolism and fatty acid synthesis
Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold
false
which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins?
regulates body processes, involved in cell division and development
which of the following are water-soluble vitamins
riboflavin, vitamin B-6, niacin
the deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet is called
scurvy
the _ _ is the primary site of vitamin absorption
small intestine
vitamin c absorption occurs in the
small intestine
what is the primary site of vitamin absorption
small intestine
where does vitamin c absorption occur
small intestine
which of the following does the most harm to your health
smoking
which cooking methods best preserve the vitamin content of foods?
steaming, stir-frying, microwaving
which vitamin do cells require to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of CH3 groups in the metabolism of folate
vitamin B 12
choose the vitamins that are water soluble
vitamin C, B vitamins
vitamin supplements are effective for treating people with
vitamin deficiencies