VME3002 The Cat Exam 1
The cost to sequence the genome of a cat is approximately...
$750
The TICA recognizes how many cat breeds?
73
As of 2017, how many lineages and species of cats are there?
8 lineages, 41 species
There are ____ essential amino acids in humans.
9 (dogs have 10, cats have 11)
Up to what % of hyperthyroid cats have a palpable thyroid goiter?
90%
"Cat of the Dog Word"
Abyssinian
How did we learn about the origin of the cat?
Advances in DNA studies NOT fossils - record is sparce
"Working breed/Athletic"
American Shorthair
Which is more toxic, ammonia or urea?
Ammonia
3600 years ago...
Artwork in Egypt
What is true about the heart?
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the right side of the heart is thinner and doesn't have as much muscle (compared to the left side that pumps blood into circulation).
T/F: Each cat registry has a different number of breeds that they recognize, but they have the same breed standards and show rules?
False
T/F: The gene that makes the curly coat in the Cornish Rex is the exact same as the Devon Rex?
False - Kallibunker (Cornish Rex) has different gene than feral tom cat that had Cornish Rex gene
Assessing a cat's heart, lungs, and nervous system are all part of a visual exam
False - medical exam
T/F: You should always do a rectal exam on a cat as part of your physical exam, regardless of their size and condition.
False - wouldn't do one on a kitten unless absolutely necessary!!
What subspecies of wildcat did domestic cats originate from?
Felis silvestris lybica
Joint angle that decreases
Flexion
Pyrethrin toxicity in cats can be caused by...
Giving cats large dog tick and flea medication (i.e. Advantix)
What is true about cat oral care?
If you start brushing their teeth as a kitten, you can acclimate them to having their teeth brushed
What is a reason why genetic tests can yield incorrect results?
Incomplete penetrance, multiple genes can contribute to one phenotype, and redundancy in the genetic code
Why is contract used during PCE (percutaneous coil embolization)?
It allows us to see how the blood flows within the vessels.
Which of the following could help you distinguish whether a cat has had a seizure or not?
Length of episode, visuals - body contractions, hypersalivation, urination, etc., behavioral observations before and after (pre and post ictal)
What could be a sign that a cat is in pain?
Lying tucked up versus curled up, grooming less, squinting their eyes (could also be a sign of contentment)
__________ is the inactivation of one of the X chromosomes to prevent the over expression of genes in the sex chromosomes of females compared to males.
Lyonization
"Only native longhaired American Breed"
Maine Coon
In order to differentiate a cat from a chicken, which genetic material is typically used?
Mitochondrial DNA
Attachment site that moves
Muscle insertion
Attachment site that does not move
Muscle origin
What is an X-linked recessive disease in cats?
Muscular dystrophy
Chlamydia Felis vx
Non-core vx
FIV vx
Non-core vx
SLUDGE-M
Organophosphate toxicity
In the ___________, keto acid are formed and ammonia.
Oxidative deamination
What cat breed has a higher predisposition to PKD?
Persian
What is the vein called that flows to the liver, and sometimes can be shunted in cats?
Portal vein
What is true about the PNS?
Primary NT of the parasympathetic NS is acetylcholine.
Which of the 8 lineages has the most diverse group of cats in regard to size?
Puma
Full body tremors, hypersalivating and swallowing frequently, aware of surroundings, ataxia
Pyrethrin toxicity
During transamination reactions, ______ is produced.
Pyruvate
What is something unique about this breed of cat?
Ragdoll - one of the largest cat breeds
If you _______ the portal pressure too much by plugging it up with coils, you can create a condition called acute portal hypertension, which is a __________ condition.
Raise. lethal
What breed of cat always has a short, dense silver tipped coat and green eyes?
Russian Blue
When considering a cat's environment, which of the following should they have access to?
Safe places to hide, access to windows, free choice access to clean water
What is a procedure that allows you to visualize blood flow through the portal vein, into the liver and heart?
Scintigraphy (venogram: only visualize portal vein outline via contract and x-ray)
What is true about feline migrations?
Sea levels fell and created bridges that allowed cats to migrate to other continents.
What breed of cat is this?
Somali - longhaired abyssinian
If a cat is on the floor preparing to jump onto the couch, this act would come from what part of the NS?
Somatic (voluntary)
3700 years ago...
Statuettes of cats found in Israel
A function of the liver includes:
Synthesis of plasma protein, maintains blood sugar, produces bile
What is true about the blood flow that you will see in the final angiogram?
There is typically a lot of blood flow initially, but it will decrease dramatically after a few months as the coil mass generates a mature clot.
The shoulder of the cat is _________ to the elbow, or that the elbow is __________ to the shoulder.
dorsal, ventral
Cats that have portosystemic shunt exhibit which characteristic?
vomiting, poor weight gain, seizures: some or all
How many domestic cats are found worldwide?
600 million cats
Venipuncture options for cats:
1) cephalic 2) jugular 3) saphenous (lateral and medial, medial easier to hold for)
How does the neurologic system function?
1) sensory receptors collect info from the body's internal and external conditions and passes them onto the CNS for further processing be afferent neurons. 2)Integration is the processing of the many sensory signals that are passed in the CNS at any given time and takes place in the gray matter of the brain/spinal cord, performed by interneurons. 3) Efferent neurons (aka motor neurons) carry signals from the gray matter of the CNS through the nerves of the PNS (passes through dorsal horn) to effector cells.
The medial survival rates for partial ligation (PL) were
3-4 yrs
The domestic cat ancestor emerged...
3.4 MYA
What percentage of Scottish Fold kittens in a litter are born with folded ears?
50%
Which of the 8 cat lineages is this breed of cat found?
Bay Cat
"One of the easiest cats to handle"
Birman
9500 years ago...
Bones of cats found in Cyprus, buried with humans
What cat breed was almost lost during WWII and DSH crosses were used to revive that breed?
British Shorthair
This cat breed is born with color points that are dark but as the cat gets older and the coat matures, the body color becomes deeper and richer and eventually there is very little different between the points and the rest of the body color...
Burmese
What is true about litter box habits in cats?
Burying feces and urine is a behavior that cats learn early in life
2000 years ago...
Cat remains found in Germany
What is true about cat nutrition?
Cat that is pregnant/nursing will require a different diet, there are special diets for medical conditions, cats should have small frequent meals
How many of each type of vertebra do felines have?
Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 13 Lumbar: 7 Sacral: 3 fused Caudal: 18+ (depends on breed)
What is true about preventative cat care and vxs?
Cheaper to administer a vaccine then to treat a condition that the cat could be susceptible to otherwise. There are oral, topical, and injectable types of dewormers on the market. Bartonella spp. and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses.
Which molecule is an amino acid?
Citrulline, arginosuccinate, ornithine (used in urea cycle), arginine
What is true about a caudal spinal cord injury?
Complete dislocation of caudal vertebrae, often caused by "tail pull" injury, the spinal injury is the most common one
Cat that have PSS always have _______ colored irises.
Copper
Weakness (little or a lot), loss of postural reflexes
Coral snake envenomation
Rabies
Core vx
When thinking about an injury to a cat's tail, if the injury was at the tip of the tail, you would say that it is a ________ injury.
Distal
Join angle that increases
Extension
What is true about common cat diseases?
FIV is spread mostly through cat bites FeLV is grooming dz FIV can test negative later in life if positive as a kitten (maternal antibodies)
If a cats eyes are moving in a pendular motion, not fast or slow, this is a sign of vestibular syndrome?
False
Which of the following is true about interventional radiology?
These procedures are less invasive than historical procedures. Started to take off in last 20-30 yrs. Companies have started to develop technologically advanced devices and imaging modalities that make it possible
Why are there a lot of challenges and considerations using PCE technology in cats?
They're so small
What is the purpose of interventional embolization with a device like a percutaneous coil embolization?
To allow partial and/or gradual attenuation of blood flow to the deprived liver
What is a marker catheter used for?
To calibrate the image to measure structures such as vessels.
Which of the following could be a cause of a seizure?
Toxoplasma, electrolyte abnormalities, rabies
Assessing grooming can give an indication if a cat is under stress of not.
True
T/F: Bony protuberances are attachment points for muscles and are good landmarks for palpation.
True
T/F: There is a genetic test to screen for potential ancestry in a cat.
True
The color point mutation is the lack of the ________ enzyme in melanin production?
Tyrosinase
The physical appearance of a cat is influenced by...
Various alleles, various genetic mutations, and environment
Head tilt, nystagmus, dullness or stupor
Vestibular syndrome
Which is true about Lucy's recovery?
Woke up like nothing happened, discharged 2 days w/ no complications, at 10 months she had normal blood work
Which agouti genotypes result in a solid color hair?
aa (solid coat is recessive)
Feline Herpes Virus 1
aka Rhinotracheitis: core vx
Transamination reactions transfer an ________ to a __________
amino group to a keto acid
Which of the following does not belong in the ocelot lineage? a) Pampas cat b) Pallas cat c) Kodkod d) Margay
b) Pallas cat - belongs in Asian Leopard Cat lineage