VME3002 The Cat Exam 1

The cost to sequence the genome of a cat is approximately...

$750

The TICA recognizes how many cat breeds?

73

As of 2017, how many lineages and species of cats are there?

8 lineages, 41 species

There are ____ essential amino acids in humans.

9 (dogs have 10, cats have 11)

Up to what % of hyperthyroid cats have a palpable thyroid goiter?

90%

"Cat of the Dog Word"

Abyssinian

How did we learn about the origin of the cat?

Advances in DNA studies NOT fossils - record is sparce

"Working breed/Athletic"

American Shorthair

Which is more toxic, ammonia or urea?

Ammonia

3600 years ago...

Artwork in Egypt

What is true about the heart?

The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the right side of the heart is thinner and doesn't have as much muscle (compared to the left side that pumps blood into circulation).

T/F: Each cat registry has a different number of breeds that they recognize, but they have the same breed standards and show rules?

False

T/F: The gene that makes the curly coat in the Cornish Rex is the exact same as the Devon Rex?

False - Kallibunker (Cornish Rex) has different gene than feral tom cat that had Cornish Rex gene

Assessing a cat's heart, lungs, and nervous system are all part of a visual exam

False - medical exam

T/F: You should always do a rectal exam on a cat as part of your physical exam, regardless of their size and condition.

False - wouldn't do one on a kitten unless absolutely necessary!!

What subspecies of wildcat did domestic cats originate from?

Felis silvestris lybica

Joint angle that decreases

Flexion

Pyrethrin toxicity in cats can be caused by...

Giving cats large dog tick and flea medication (i.e. Advantix)

What is true about cat oral care?

If you start brushing their teeth as a kitten, you can acclimate them to having their teeth brushed

What is a reason why genetic tests can yield incorrect results?

Incomplete penetrance, multiple genes can contribute to one phenotype, and redundancy in the genetic code

Why is contract used during PCE (percutaneous coil embolization)?

It allows us to see how the blood flows within the vessels.

Which of the following could help you distinguish whether a cat has had a seizure or not?

Length of episode, visuals - body contractions, hypersalivation, urination, etc., behavioral observations before and after (pre and post ictal)

What could be a sign that a cat is in pain?

Lying tucked up versus curled up, grooming less, squinting their eyes (could also be a sign of contentment)

__________ is the inactivation of one of the X chromosomes to prevent the over expression of genes in the sex chromosomes of females compared to males.

Lyonization

"Only native longhaired American Breed"

Maine Coon

In order to differentiate a cat from a chicken, which genetic material is typically used?

Mitochondrial DNA

Attachment site that moves

Muscle insertion

Attachment site that does not move

Muscle origin

What is an X-linked recessive disease in cats?

Muscular dystrophy

Chlamydia Felis vx

Non-core vx

FIV vx

Non-core vx

SLUDGE-M

Organophosphate toxicity

In the ___________, keto acid are formed and ammonia.

Oxidative deamination

What cat breed has a higher predisposition to PKD?

Persian

What is the vein called that flows to the liver, and sometimes can be shunted in cats?

Portal vein

What is true about the PNS?

Primary NT of the parasympathetic NS is acetylcholine.

Which of the 8 lineages has the most diverse group of cats in regard to size?

Puma

Full body tremors, hypersalivating and swallowing frequently, aware of surroundings, ataxia

Pyrethrin toxicity

During transamination reactions, ______ is produced.

Pyruvate

What is something unique about this breed of cat?

Ragdoll - one of the largest cat breeds

If you _______ the portal pressure too much by plugging it up with coils, you can create a condition called acute portal hypertension, which is a __________ condition.

Raise. lethal

What breed of cat always has a short, dense silver tipped coat and green eyes?

Russian Blue

When considering a cat's environment, which of the following should they have access to?

Safe places to hide, access to windows, free choice access to clean water

What is a procedure that allows you to visualize blood flow through the portal vein, into the liver and heart?

Scintigraphy (venogram: only visualize portal vein outline via contract and x-ray)

What is true about feline migrations?

Sea levels fell and created bridges that allowed cats to migrate to other continents.

What breed of cat is this?

Somali - longhaired abyssinian

If a cat is on the floor preparing to jump onto the couch, this act would come from what part of the NS?

Somatic (voluntary)

3700 years ago...

Statuettes of cats found in Israel

A function of the liver includes:

Synthesis of plasma protein, maintains blood sugar, produces bile

What is true about the blood flow that you will see in the final angiogram?

There is typically a lot of blood flow initially, but it will decrease dramatically after a few months as the coil mass generates a mature clot.

The shoulder of the cat is _________ to the elbow, or that the elbow is __________ to the shoulder.

dorsal, ventral

Cats that have portosystemic shunt exhibit which characteristic?

vomiting, poor weight gain, seizures: some or all

How many domestic cats are found worldwide?

600 million cats

Venipuncture options for cats:

1) cephalic 2) jugular 3) saphenous (lateral and medial, medial easier to hold for)

How does the neurologic system function?

1) sensory receptors collect info from the body's internal and external conditions and passes them onto the CNS for further processing be afferent neurons. 2)Integration is the processing of the many sensory signals that are passed in the CNS at any given time and takes place in the gray matter of the brain/spinal cord, performed by interneurons. 3) Efferent neurons (aka motor neurons) carry signals from the gray matter of the CNS through the nerves of the PNS (passes through dorsal horn) to effector cells.

The medial survival rates for partial ligation (PL) were

3-4 yrs

The domestic cat ancestor emerged...

3.4 MYA

What percentage of Scottish Fold kittens in a litter are born with folded ears?

50%

Which of the 8 cat lineages is this breed of cat found?

Bay Cat

"One of the easiest cats to handle"

Birman

9500 years ago...

Bones of cats found in Cyprus, buried with humans

What cat breed was almost lost during WWII and DSH crosses were used to revive that breed?

British Shorthair

This cat breed is born with color points that are dark but as the cat gets older and the coat matures, the body color becomes deeper and richer and eventually there is very little different between the points and the rest of the body color...

Burmese

What is true about litter box habits in cats?

Burying feces and urine is a behavior that cats learn early in life

2000 years ago...

Cat remains found in Germany

What is true about cat nutrition?

Cat that is pregnant/nursing will require a different diet, there are special diets for medical conditions, cats should have small frequent meals

How many of each type of vertebra do felines have?

Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 13 Lumbar: 7 Sacral: 3 fused Caudal: 18+ (depends on breed)

What is true about preventative cat care and vxs?

Cheaper to administer a vaccine then to treat a condition that the cat could be susceptible to otherwise. There are oral, topical, and injectable types of dewormers on the market. Bartonella spp. and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses.

Which molecule is an amino acid?

Citrulline, arginosuccinate, ornithine (used in urea cycle), arginine

What is true about a caudal spinal cord injury?

Complete dislocation of caudal vertebrae, often caused by "tail pull" injury, the spinal injury is the most common one

Cat that have PSS always have _______ colored irises.

Copper

Weakness (little or a lot), loss of postural reflexes

Coral snake envenomation

Rabies

Core vx

When thinking about an injury to a cat's tail, if the injury was at the tip of the tail, you would say that it is a ________ injury.

Distal

Join angle that increases

Extension

What is true about common cat diseases?

FIV is spread mostly through cat bites FeLV is grooming dz FIV can test negative later in life if positive as a kitten (maternal antibodies)

If a cats eyes are moving in a pendular motion, not fast or slow, this is a sign of vestibular syndrome?

False

Which of the following is true about interventional radiology?

These procedures are less invasive than historical procedures. Started to take off in last 20-30 yrs. Companies have started to develop technologically advanced devices and imaging modalities that make it possible

Why are there a lot of challenges and considerations using PCE technology in cats?

They're so small

What is the purpose of interventional embolization with a device like a percutaneous coil embolization?

To allow partial and/or gradual attenuation of blood flow to the deprived liver

What is a marker catheter used for?

To calibrate the image to measure structures such as vessels.

Which of the following could be a cause of a seizure?

Toxoplasma, electrolyte abnormalities, rabies

Assessing grooming can give an indication if a cat is under stress of not.

True

T/F: Bony protuberances are attachment points for muscles and are good landmarks for palpation.

True

T/F: There is a genetic test to screen for potential ancestry in a cat.

True

The color point mutation is the lack of the ________ enzyme in melanin production?

Tyrosinase

The physical appearance of a cat is influenced by...

Various alleles, various genetic mutations, and environment

Head tilt, nystagmus, dullness or stupor

Vestibular syndrome

Which is true about Lucy's recovery?

Woke up like nothing happened, discharged 2 days w/ no complications, at 10 months she had normal blood work

Which agouti genotypes result in a solid color hair?

aa (solid coat is recessive)

Feline Herpes Virus 1

aka Rhinotracheitis: core vx

Transamination reactions transfer an ________ to a __________

amino group to a keto acid

Which of the following does not belong in the ocelot lineage? a) Pampas cat b) Pallas cat c) Kodkod d) Margay

b) Pallas cat - belongs in Asian Leopard Cat lineage