VTPB 405 Ch.30 Final Review

d

A person is MOST likely to contract diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis if he or she visits/participates in: -european countries -metropolitan cities -snow skiing -camping and hiking in the backcountry

d

A student travels to Brazil by boat on the Amazon River, without visiting the doctor prior to traveling for recommended vaccinations for travel to South America. The recommended becomes ill during the trip and is quarantined. Which of the diseases listed below does the student most likely have? -hantavirus -q fever -ebola -yellow fever

b

In bubonic plague, buboes are swellings formed in the lymph nodes and filled with: -rickettsia prowazekii -yersinia pesti -clostridium tetani -xenopsylla cheopis

c

Individuals who have an active case of tuberculosis may spread the disease simply by___ uninfected individuals. -shaking hands with -sexual contact with -coughing near -hugging

a

Lyme disease and syphilis are similar in that they____. -are both caused by spirochetes and are chronic infections that involve the nervous systems -are both chronic infections -are both caused by spirochetes -are both contracted by person-to-person contact

b

Many West Nile virus infections are not properly identified because -most physicians and diagnosticians are not aware of this disease -the symptoms are often subacute -the disease mimics malaria -the disease is frequently fatal

d

Meningitis can be caused by: -fungal infections -bacterial infection -viral infections -viral, bacterial, or fungal infections

c

Animal diseases transmissible to humans are known as: -ferals -radicals -zoonoses -vectors

d

Animal-transmitted diseases are generally spread to accidental hosts by: -bites -aerosols -direct contact -direct contact, aerosols, and bites

a

Autoimmune diseases sometimes develop shortly after an infection. This is the case with rheumatic ever. Which of the following is the most likely reason that there is often a relationship between autoimmune disorders and infection? -some pathogens, like the rheumatogenic strains of S. pyogenes, contain antigens that resemble normal cell surface proteins. As the immune system responds to them, it attacks the cells with similar antigens as well. -Pathogens that can cause multiple types of diseases cause a stronger immune response, which can lead to an autoimmune disease -the immune system becomes highly active during an acute infection and is less selective about what it attacks -some exotoxins are superantigens and elicit a strong immune response

a

Borrelia burgdorferi is an interesting spirochete that is unusual when compared to other bacteria. Which of the following is the reason that it is so unusual? -it has a linear chromosome -it has a cell wall -it has ribosomes -it has flagella

a

Clostridium tetani is an obligate anaerobe that can cause tetanus. When it enters the human body, it can produce tetanus toxin. Considering that C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe, which of the following explains how it can survive and cause disease in the human body? -Especially in deep wounds, C. tetani can sometimes survive in areas with damaged tissue and poor to no blood flow -It doesn't survive; it simply releases toxin as it dies -C. tetani can't access atmospheric oxygen, so it can grow as long as it stays on the surface of the skin rather than in well-oxygenated deeper tissues -C. tetani can only survive when other bacteria are avilable to consume oxygen and to keep oxygen levels low.

d

Control of certain diseases is nearly impossible, because we cannot -control vector animals -eradicate organisms from the soil -control reservoir animals -control vector and reservoir animals or eradicate organisms from the soil

d

Controlling most rickettsial disease involves managing -human behavior -immunization strategies -food safety procedures -the vector

c

Diptheria is caused by bacteria that have been infected by a bacteriophage. This bacteriophage is a lysogenic phage and contains the genes to produce the diptheria toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis. Which of the following the correct term for the phage while its genetic material is integrated into the bacterial chromosome? -the genetic material is called a transposon and the change in the host cell's properties is called competence -the genetic material is called a viroid -the genetic material is called a prophage and the change in the host cell's properties is called lysogenic conversion -the genetic material is called a prion

False

Erythema migrans is associated with typhus.

c

Impetigo is due to an infection caused by: -streptococcus pyogenes but not staphylococcus aureus -staphylococcus aureus but not streptococcus pyogenes -either staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes -neither staphylococcus aureus nor streptococcus pyogenes

d

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a viral respiratory disease caused by contact with: -bats -rat fleas -mosquitoes -rodents

a

Hantaviruses are most commonly transmitted by __ of virus-contaminated rodent___. -inhalation/excreta -inhalation/saiva -ingestion/excreta -ingestion/saliva

a

Of the arthropod-borne diseases, there is a vaccine to prevent___. -yellow fever -west nile fever -lyme disease -dengue fever

a

Soldiers or refuges in crowded unsanitary conditions are MOST susceptible to which rickettsial disease? -typhus -q fever -rocky mountain spotted fever -lyme disease

a

The DTaP vaccine contains -diptheria toxoid -heat-killed bordetella pertussis cells -bacterial endotoxin derivatives -purified bacterial DNA

d

The causative agent of Lyme disease is ___, which is carried primarily by the ___. -yersinia pestis/xenopsylla cheopis -rickettsia prowazekii/cutex species -a flavivirus/ Ixodes sp. -Borrelia burgforferi/ Ixodes sp.

b

The causative agent of dengue fever is: -clostridium perferingens -a flaivirus -borrelia burgdorferi -rickettsia prowazeki

true

The hantaviruses are occasionally spread by person-to-person transmission, although exposure to infected rodent excretia is the most common route of infection.

c

Tuberculoid Hansense disease is caused by the pathogen: -listeria monocytogenes -mycobacterium tuberculosis -mycobacterium leprae -either mycobacterium leprae or mycobacterium tuberculosis

true

Various Ixodes spp., as well as various Borrelia spp., may be involved in the transmission and cause of Lyme disease.

d

The most severe and fatal form of anthrax is: -cutaneous anthrax -zoonotic anthrax -intestinal anthrax -inhalation anthrax

b

The primary disease reservoir plague is -humans -rats -fleas -mosquitoes

d

What type of disease require biosafety level (BSL) 4 procedures and facilities when working with samples that may be infected? -highly infectious diseases -diseases with high mortality -diseases for which no treatment or vaccine exist -highly infectious diseases with high mortality for which no treatment or vaccine exist

a

Which insect unctions in the host-to-host transmission of typhus? -body louse -dog tick -rat flea -deer tick

b

Which of the following explains why treatment of symptomatic tetanus requires an antitoxin and an antibiotic? -Because the toxin is within the cell wall of the bacteria, it can only be eliminated by killing the bacteria. -Because C. tetani bacteria excrete tetanus toxin, it is important to neutralize the toxin while also killing the bacteria that are producing more -the tetanus toxin binds irreversibly, causing damage to axons. The only way to heal the axons is with an antitoxin. -it is always better to use multiple treatments to elicit a stronger response

c

Which of the following pathogens is spread by infected lice? -yersinia pestis -plasmodium falciparum -rickettsia prowazeki -borrelia burgdorferi

c

Which of the following would be the best strategy to prevent the spread of yellow fever and dengue fever into the southern United States? -tick avoidance -vaccination -mosquito avoidance and eradication -monitoring bird populations

a

tetanus develops from a puncture wound because: -endospores germinate in anoxic conditions -the organism digests deep connective tissues -the organism gains access to the circulatory system and then invades the nervous system -the organism needs access to the circulatory system and deep connective tissues