Week 6 US History B

How did the Battle of Midway change the war in the Pacific?

American forces began attacking Japanese bases.

Germany surrendered as Allied forces began to surround which city?

Berlin

Why did the Allies decide to concentrate first on the war in Europe?

Europe was a greater threat.

Why was Harry S. Truman the President of the United States on May 7, 1945, the day Germany surrendered to the Allies?

Franklin D. Roosevelt had died and Vice President Truman had taken over.

Who created the Office of Price Administration?

Franklin Roosevelt

After D-Day, Germany faced a hopeless two-front war. In December 1944, Hitler ordered a counterattack, known as the Battle of the Bulge. The Allies managed to push the Germans out of France, and on May 7, Germany surrendered. How did the Germans trick Americans at the Battle of the Bulge?

German soldiers dressed in American uniforms and spoke English.

How did the war change after the D-Day invasion?

Germany faced a hopeless two-front war.

Why did the Allies propose a "Europe First" strategy?

Germany posed the most serious, long-term threat to all Allied countries.

What occurred following the Battle of Stalingrad?

Hitler's plans of dominating Europe were ended.

What impact did the Battle of Midway have on Japanese expansion in the Pacific?

It stopped Japanese expansion.

What was significant about the Battle of the Bulge?

It was a counterattack by Hitler that almost succeeded.

Why was the D-Day invasion at Normandy significant?

It was the Allies' first step in their march toward Germany.

Which of the following was a result of the Battle of Midway?

Japan never again threatened Pacific domination.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the federal government began drafting policies toward immigrants and aliens from the Axis nations. The government evacuated more than 100,000 Japanese Americans and began a policy of internment. How did the U.S. government policy of internment affect thousands of Japanese Americans on the West Coast of the United States?

Japanese Americans were temporarily imprisoned in isolated locations.

How did the bracero program benefit Americans and Mexicans?

Mexican workers provided labor on American farms.

As the Allies advanced on Berlin, what was the response of the German military leaders to Adolf Hitler's final plans and orders?

Military leaders ignored Hitler.

What advantage helped Admiral Chester Nimitz defeat the Japanese at Midway Island?

Nimitz had knowledge of the secret Japanese battle plans.

What did A. Philip Randolph hope to accomplish by pressuring President Franklin D. Roosevelt to sign Executive Order 8802?

Randolph wanted fair hiring for all U.S. government jobs.

How were the goals of saturation bombing and strategic bombing different?

Saturation bombing inflicted maximum damage. Strategic bombing focused on key targets.

Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II?

Some Americans feared they would be disloyal.

Where did the Allies meet and agree to open a second front in Europe?

Teheran

What distinction did the all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team earn during the war?

The 442nd was the most decorated unit in American history.

The attack on Pearl Harbor quickly brought the United States into World War II. The Allies' ultimate goal was to fight a two-front war, but since Germany was seen as the most dangerous enemy, the Allies adopted a "Europe First" strategy. What advantage did the Allies have in confronting Germany, Italy, and Japan?

The Allies had a coordinated strategy for victory.

What did President Franklin D. Roosevelt mean in 1943 when he announced that the Allies would accept only an unconditional surrender?

The Allies would offer the Axis no concessions to end the war.

In January 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill decided to increase the bombing of Germany and invade Italy. To help pave the way for an invasion of Italy, the Allies decided to push the Germans out of North Africa. Why did General Dwight Eisenhower put George S. Patton, Jr., in command of American forces in North Africa?

The Americans needed a tank commander to fight against the German tank forces.

The Battle of Stalingrad was the true turning point of the war in Europe, ending any realistic plans Hitler had of dominating Europe. Likewise, in the Pacific, the Battle of Midway ended the seemingly unstoppable Japanese advance. How did the Battle of Stalingrad change the course of the war?

The Germans were forced to retreat from the Soviet Union.

The war eventually cost the United States $330 billion. To help raise funds, Congress levied a tax on all working Americans. In addition, rationing and the sale of war bonds were instituted to help with the war effort. How did the Office of Price Administration help manage the wartime economy?

The Office of Price Administration set wages and controlled inflation.

In 1943, the Allied leaders agreed on an invasion of France to begin a march toward Germany. On June 6, 1944—D-Day—British, American, and other Allied forces landed at Normandy, France, across the English Channel. Why did Joseph Stalin insist that Great Britain and the United States begin a Western Front attack against Germany in 1943?

The Soviet Union had done most of the fighting in Europe up to that point.

What was notable about the Tuskegee Airmen, an African American fighter unit that escorted bombers on their attacks?

The Tuskegee Airmen did not lose a single bomber to enemy fire in any mission

What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Korematsu v. United States?

The decision upheld the legality of the wartime internment policy.

What did a letter signed by world-famous scientist Albert Einstein communicate to Franklin D. Roosevelt early in the war?

The letter expressed the importance of developing atomic weapons.

What happened to American troops who landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day?

The troops faced deadly fire from the Germans.

How did the war create new opportunities for African Americans?

They were able to campaign against discrimination.

What was the most significant factor in President Harry S. Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan?

Truman wanted to save American lives that might be lost invading Japan.

On what issues did Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill disagree?

a second European front

How did the Allies begin to turn the tide of the war in their favor?

by attacking German U-boats

What did the Allies do prior to the D-Day invasion?

gathered the largest fleet ever assembled

World War II fears and tensions tested civil liberties, but the war also provided new opportunities for women and minorities. Wartime needs also encouraged migration as people moved in search of work. What jobs did women find during World War II that were a break from traditional women's roles?

jobs in heavy industry

Why was Sicily an obvious target for the Allied invasion of Italy?

little risk of U-boat attacks

Which group did the Office of War Information work closely with to encourage support of the war?

media

What were the consequences of the decision to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

nearly 100,000 Japanese casualties

The Office of Price Administration had the authority to control wages and set maximum prices. What was another form of economic control?

rationing certain goods

What was the role of the Office of War Information (OWI)?

to build public support and keep up morale for the war effort

Besides the troops themselves, advances in technology helped determine the outcome of World War II. The most crucial scientific development was the atomic bomb. The fateful decision to use the bomb fell directly on President Truman. What was the goal of the Americans' island-hopping strategy?

to capture some islands and ignore others

What were the goals of British and American bombing runs over Germany?

to inflict maximum damage

Why did the U.S. government institute rationing as an economic policy?

to make certain there were enough raw materials for war production

What was the mission of Japanese kamikaze pilots?

to sink enemy ships by crashing their planes into them