Week 9 Biology

What cannot be detected by an ultrasound

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

What is the importance of adding heat to the PCR process?

Heat functions to separate the DNA strands

Transgenic bacteria are used to produce which of the following products?

insulin growth hormone hepatitis B vaccine

Regions of DNA that are located between genes are called _____ DNA sequences.

intergenic

Chronic villus sampling is a procedure for obtaining fetal cells from the uterus for use in _____

karyotyping

In a polar body from a heterozygous female tests positive for a mutated allele, the egg probably receive the _____

normal allele

The desired end of therapeutic cloning is to

produce mature cells for study and disease treatment.

An individual's complete genotype, including all the various mutations, is called a genetic _____.

profile

All the proteins that result from the translation of human genes into proteins are collectively called the human _____

proteome

The entire collection of proteins resulting from translation of genes is called a _____.

proteome

Study of the complete collection of proteins that an organism produces is known as _____.

proteomics

The field of _____ explores the structure and function of the cellular proteins, along with their interactions.

proteomics

DNA that contains genes from more than one source is called _____ DNA.

recombinant

The purpose of ______ is to produce an individual genetically identical to the parent.

reproductive cloning

Which type of cloning seeks to produce an individual that is genetically identical to the parent organism?

reproductive.

A karyotype is a visual display of the chromosomes arranged by ____ and _____.

size and shape

Which cells can be used as a source of chromosomes for karyotyping?

skin cells white blood cells muscle cells

In comparing chromosome 22 in humans and chimpanzees, researchers determined genes for which of these may have influenced the evolution of humans?

smell hearing speech

Which of the following cell types is differentiated?

specialized liver

While most cells in the body differentiate to become specific types of tissue cells, _____ cells retain their ability to become any other type of cell.

stem

Which of the following are drawbacks to reproductive cloning?

the cloned animals have poor health low success rate

If a genetic disorder leads to abnormal enzyme production, parents might choose to test for it by taking samples from

the embryo or egg

Which of the following is a benefit of CVS over amniocentesis?

CVS results are obtained much more quickly because cells do not have to be cultured.

Which of the following is a drawback of amniocentesis as compared to CVS?

Cells must be cultured after amniocentesis delaying karyotyping Amniocentesis is not usually performed until the 14th to 17th week of pregnancy

Which process compares DNA fragments, resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage, to identify relatedness between organisms?

DNA fingerprinting

Which of the following enzymes have a role in recombinant DNA production?

DNA ligases, restriction enzymes

Which of the following is true about recombinant DNA?

It contains DNA from at least 2 differernt sources

Which of the following conditions can be detected using ultrasound?

Patua syndrome Edwards syndrome Down syndrome Spina bifida

Select the two true statemens about the base sequencing variations among individuals.

Some individuals have genes that vary by one base. Some individuals have additional copies of some genes.

The genetic marker relies on

a difference in the DNA due to the presence of an abnormal allele.

Genetic testing of the embryo is done _____ in vitro fertilization

after

The procedure used to obtain fluid from the uterus of a pregnant woman is called

amniocentesis

Which of the following procedures can be used to collect fetal cells?

amniocentesis materal blood draw chorionic villus sampling

Which of the following terms refers to the use of computer technologies to study the genome?

bioinformatics

The use of natural biological systems to create a product or achieve some other end desired by human being is referred to as _____.

biotechnology

If an egg could be given genes that control traits desired by the parents, this would be an example of

eugenics

If bone marrow stem cells are removed from a patient with SCID, infected wit ha virus that carries the normal gene, and then reinserted into the patient, this is an example of _____ gene therapy

ex vivo

Which of the following are direct applications of bioinformatics

finding a relationship between overall genetic makeup and genetic disorders determining the function of genes

If an abnormal allele is present, a DNA test can detect the difference in sequence, called a

genetic marker

A scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism is studying in the field of _____.

genomics

Transgenic organisms

have had a cloned gene inserted into their genome.

Embryonic stem cells are totipotent, meaning that they

have the potential to become any other type of cell in an organism

In a gene therapy procedure, a gene is delivered directly to the affected region of the body in an injection. This is an example of which type of gene therapy?

in vivo

The gene that causes cystic fibrosis CF is cloned and introduced into a mouse model using embryonic stem cells. What purposed do the resulting mice likely serve?

individuals that have the phenotype like that of a human with CF can be used to test drugs for the disease

Genetic engineering includes the alteration of genomes for which of these purposes?

industrial and medical

The differnece in a sequence of DNA that is due to the presence of an abnormal or mutant allele and is used to identify that allele in a patient is known as a genetic _____

marker

The test for a genetic _____ relies on the difference in the DNA due to the presence of an abnormal allele

marker

Choose the two main components necessary for the polymerase chain to occur.

nucleotides DNA polymerase

Match the type of cloning with its purpose.

reproductive= produces a genetically identical individual therapeutic- produces specialized tissue cells

Which of the following procedures cannot be used to collect fetal cells?

ultrasound

Select the name of procedure for obtaining cells from the region where the placenta will develop?

chorionic villus sampling

Genetic ______ uses genetic information to help couples predict the chances of their child having a genetic disorder

counseling

Which of the following diseases currently shows potential when treated by in vivo gene therapy?

cystic fibrosis poor coronary circulation rheumatoid arthritis

Couples who go through genetic counseling are seeking help in predicting the chances that they will have a baby with a genetic _____

disorder

A genetic counselor can use an individual's genetic profile to _____ any mutations or genetic disorders they may have

educate the individual about

Adult stem cells are best described as _____ because they have already begun to specialize and cannot be used to produce every type of cell in the organism.

multipotent

Stem cells that have already started to specialize, and therefore are not able to produce every type of cell in an organism,are said to be _____

multipotent

The enzymes used to cut DNA at specific points during recombinant DNA production are called _____ enzymes.

restriction

DNA is cut at specific points during production of recombinant DNA using which of these?

restriction enzymes

The injection of adenoviruses that contain an anti-inflammatory gene is an example of in vivo treatment for

rheumatoid arthritis

The insertion of genetic material into human cells for the purposes of treating a disorder is termed gene _____

therapy

Organisms that contain their own genes from another organism are called _____ organisms; they are genetic hybrids of sorts

transgenic

The type of exam that uses high frequency sound waves to scan the abdomen of a pregnant woman is called a ____-

ultrasound

A plasmid is often used in biotechnology applications as a _____ to transfer foreign genetic material.

vector

In genetic engineering _____, such as plasmids are used to transfer foreign genetic material into a cell.

vectors