Weiland Chapter 3 MB
DNA and mRNA differ with respect to ... -Both (a) and (b). -(b) the kinds of purines they contain. -(c) how many kinds of nucleotides are used to make the polymer. -(a) the kind of sugar they contain. -(d) the ability to make a double helix.
(a) the kind of sugar they contain.
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____. -DNA -cellulose -fatty acids -proteins
DNA
Which statement helps to explain how DNA stores hereditary information? -DNA contains 20 kinds of amino acids. -DNA binds a master copy of each kind of protein. -DNA is made from thousands of kinds of monomers. -DNA is a self-replicating type of protein. -DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases.
DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases.
Which of these is NOT a lipid? -cholesterol -wax -phospholipid -steroids -RNA
RNA
Glycogen is _____. -a transport protein that carries oxygen -the form in which plants store sugars -a source of saturated fat -a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls -a polysaccharide found in animals
a polysaccharide found in animals
Proteins are polymers of ________. -CH2O units -hydrocarbons -amino acids -glycerol -nucleotides
amino acids
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____. -All of cholesterol's effects cause the body harm. -the most abundant male sex hormone -as the primary female sex hormone -as a component of animal cell membranes -in calcium and phosphate metabolism
as a component of animal cell membranes
Which of these is a polysaccharide? -galactose -cellulose -lactose -glucose -sucrose
cellulose
_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. -glucose -cellulose -glycogen -starch -lactose
cellulose
Destruction of a protein's shape is called _________. -hydrolysis -hydrogenation -denaturation -a dehydration reaction
denaturation
A specific stretch of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is called a _____. -polypeptide -gene -nucleic acid base -nucleotide
gene
The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. -hydrogen bonds -ionic bonds -hydrophobic interactions -peptide bonds -bonds between sulfur atoms
hydrogen bonds
What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds? -hydrogenation -denaturation -hydrolysis -dehydration reaction
hydrolysis
What name is given to the following reaction? sucrose+water-->glucose+fructose
hydrolysis
Lipids are diverse compounds that are grouped together because they are ____________.
hydrophobic
glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. -cellulose + water ... hydrolysis -lactose + water ... hydrolysis -starch + water ... dehydration synthesis -maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis -sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis
maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
Which of these is a source of lactose? -starch -potatoes -milk -sugar cane -sugar beets
milk
In the following reaction, galactose is a __________. galactose+glucose-->lactose+water
monomer
RNA nucleotides contain __________ than DNA nucleotides. -less phosphorus -more oxygen -different purines -less oxygen - one of the above.
more oxygen
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? -olive oil -butter -lard -beef fat -a fat that is solid at room temperature
olive oil
What type of bonds joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? -S-S -hydrogen -ionic -hydrophobic -peptide
peptide
Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. -hydrophobic interactions -peptide bonds -hydrogen bonds -bonds between sulfur atoms -ionic bonds
peptide bonds
______________ are a major component of cell membranes. They form a bilayer with their hydrophobic tails mingling together and their hydrophilic heads facing the watery environment on both sides of the membrane.
phospholipids
The hydrocarbon chains of ____________ are not kinked, and thus pack closely together, making animal fats solid at room temperature.
saturated fatty acids
__________ are lipids with a structure consisting of four fused rings. Many sex hormones are made from this type of lipid.
steroids
DNA nucleotides include ______. -thymine, guanine, adenine, and uracil -thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine -uracil, guanine, adenine, and cytosine -thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine
thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
______________________ have one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and are usually found in vegetable oils.
unsaturated fatty acids
A dehydration reaction is the process in which ___________. -water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers -water molecules are attracted to each other -water molecules are used as a source of raw material to break down polymers to monomers -proteins are broken down to individual amino acids
water molecules are formed when polymers are synthesized from monomers
