Western Civ Ch 15

What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?

Everyone has to start at the bottom of they system and work their way up

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was

To strengthen royal control

How did Peter the Great's westernizing reforms affect the process of marriage?

Young noble men and women were required to attend parties together and could freely choose their own spouses

When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to

A vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit

In 17th century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions?

Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs

Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640?

Charles I attempted to govern without Parliament and finance his government by emergency taxes

In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the

Consolidation of serfdom

What was the consequence of Rákóczy's rebellion for Habsburg rule?

Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state

How did famines affect the European population in the 17th century?

Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the 17th century?

New techniques for training and deploying soldiers led to a rise in the professional standards of the army

Henry IV of France did all of the following except

Place Cardinal Richelieu in charge of the French government

Women play all of the following roles in patronage systems except

Serving on royal councils

Why did Ivan IV of Russia bind urban merchants and artisans to their towns?

So that he could tax them more heavily

Which of the following best characterizes the English Revolution of 1688?

The revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the Parliament, which only represented the upper classes

Within the Ottoman government, who staffed the top levels of the bureaucracy?

The sultan's slave corps

How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?

They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans

The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of

the Pyrenees

Louis XIV ruled

through several councils of state

Oliver Cromwell governed England

under a form of martial law.

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end

The plays of Molière and Racine

Marked the finest achievements in the history of the French theater

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a

Military dictatorship

French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the

Prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France

What mistaken belief did the Count-Duke of Olivares hold that brought disaster to Spain?

Spain must return to the imperial tradition of the 16th century in order to solve its economic and political difficulties

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

Political power in the Dutch republic was

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy merchants

In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France?

English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized

How did Frederick William, the Great Elector of Prussia, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?

He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs

How did Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud create conflict in Britain in the 1630s?

He sought to impose the Anglican "Book of Common Prayer" on the Presbyterian Scotland

How did the Treaty of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united