What is Religion? Dr. Gorvine Exam #3

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

Which of the following best illustrates an example of "strategic religious participation" in a Chinese context as reported by Hedges in this chapter? A cosmopolitan minister during the late Qing dynasty could celebrate a Christian wedding for his daughter without having formally converted A contemporary member of the Chinese Communist Party could espouse an atheistic worldview while availing themselves of healing services at a Daoist spa A Daoist priest in the medieval period (c.1200) could have performed Buddhist rites for feeding hungry ghosts A Confucian literati in the early centuries C.E. could arrange a Buddhist funeral for a deceased parent

A Confucian literati in the early centuries C.E. could arrange a Buddhist funeral for a deceased parent

Hedges briefly introduces the idea of a "non-place" in this chapter, which is linked to ideas about hegemony in the construction of space. What does he use as an example? A police station A supermarket A state capital building A highway

A supermarket

Theorists mentioned in this chapter discuss how ritual might accomplish which of the following results or outcomes? Create boundaries between those who are pure or impure Promote social cohesion Assuage psychological angst over life's uncertainties All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between church and state in the UK? The Church of England is the established church (in England) Christian prayers open daily business in the House of Commons The monarch is the head of both church and state All of the above

All of the above

All of the following statements are true regarding Thai Buddhist environmental concern as expressed in this chapter, except: Some monks who have opposed commercial activities associated with deforestation have been accused of being communist. Some monks justify environmentally oriented acts (or activism) as consistent with their vows and ethos by connecting this work to the aim of alleviating suffering or dukkha A monk from north Thailand decided to protect trees by ritually "ordaining" or enrobing them so lay people would not cut them down An urban monk from Bangkok sought to alleviate the underlying economic causes behind deforestation by supporting a job training program for rural villagers

An urban monk from Bangkok sought to alleviate the underlying economic causes behind deforestation by supporting a job training program for rural villagers

Which of the following does Hedges mention in this chapter in connection with the autonomy or inability to carry out religious activity affecting a broader public space? Conducting a wedding on land belonging to the U.S. National Parks Service Broadcasting the Muslim call to prayer over loudspeakers Displaying Biblical verses in an American public school art installation Sacrificially dispatching a chicken as part of Candomblé practice

Broadcasting the Muslim call to prayer over loudspeakers

According to a working group that sought to identify common features of "fundamentalism" as a discrete phenomenon, all of the following help to define the term, except: Reactivity to the marginalization of religion Charismatic religious authority Millennialism and messianism Authoritarian organization

Charismatic religious authority

While contemporary work in religious studies generally avoids overarching claims of universal patterns grounded in fundamental similarities, Hedges suggests that more limited explorations of some comparative topics across traditions might be fruitful. Which of the following examples does he mention? Death and sacred space Heroes/Saints and villains/demons Fertility and goddess traditions Creation accounts

Death and sacred space

In this chapter, "moral disengagement" involves or includes which of the following? Apathy Unwillingness to engage in moral reasoning Distortion or disregard of consequences Unilateral state-sponsored policies and actions

Distortion or disregard of consequences

Ritual studies intersects with all of the following fields according to Hedges, except: Theater studies Evolutionary psychology Linguistics Sociology

Evolutionary psychology

According to Hedges, the notion of a "just war" as articulated in Christian sources does not have an analogue in other "World Religions" and hinders understanding of other perspectives. True False

False

Hedges discussion of Al-Andalusia is primarily intended to show that there were examples in premodernity of pluralistic interreligious dialogue in which community leaders were able to come together as equals to work to solve common problems. True False

False

Hedges' comparison of zazen or Zen sitting meditation practice with Protestant forms of worship primarily aims to emphasize the similarity between them from the perspective of materiality or embodiment. True False

False

Taking a position consistent with what was elsewhere described as "programmatic secularization," the French Supreme Court upheld the burkini ban as an affront to the neutrality of public space, citing a cultural commitment to laȋcité or the secularization of the public sphere. True False

False

Hedges describes several ways in which religion and politics may be associated, citing all of the following examples, except: How some religious leaders may hold office or otherwise preside over or participate in governmental functions How certain religious groups support political parties, candidates, or policies How ethnic and national identities may be tied to notions of religious identity How certain religious institutions enjoy tax exemptions and other benefits that distinguish them in secular societies

How certain religious institutions enjoy tax exemptions and other benefits that distinguish them in secular societies

Increasing education, cultural plurality, and scientific knowledge would lead people to question inherited ideas and traditions and to seek understanding of the world outside of religious resources. The rise of modern secular nation-states ushered in forms of government that intentionally limited the power of religious institutions to shape ideology and practice and implicitly guided their citizens towards forms of non-belief or non-participation. The industrial revolution promoted new forms of social organization, and disrupted their predecessors, in ways that fostered solidarity among workers who recognized their exploitation not only by industrialists but also by elite religious institutions. None of the above

Increasing education, cultural plurality, and scientific knowledge would lead people to question inherited ideas and traditions and to seek understanding of the world outside of religious resources.

The "secularization thesis" was predicated on particular ideas about modernity and what that would mean for the future (decline) of religion, based on conditions in Western Europe. What particular factors were foundational for the thesis?

Increasing education, cultural plurality, and scientific knowledge would lead people to question inherited ideas and traditions and to seek understanding of the world outside of religious resources.

Which of the following most notably reflects a change in the nature, emphasis, or context of interreligious dialogue (IRD) in the twenty-first century? It began to take indigenous religion and its representatives seriously and include them in programs It acknowledged the ways in which dialogue could sometimes be used for proselytizing by Christian groups It became a mainstream concern among politicians and others for the purpose of governance, as it had implications for social cohesion, security, and conflict resolution The major centers for the promotion of IRD shifted from Europe and American to pluralistic democracies in the East such as India

It became a mainstream concern among politicians and others for the purpose of governance, as it had implications for social cohesion, security, and conflict resolution

According to Hedges, what is "procedural secularism"? It involves a gradual process of limiting or eliminating manifestations of religion in settled law, in some cases ignoring prior precedents. It involves creating a public space in which religious commitments may be voiced as part of normal discourse but are not permitted to override others It involves the process by which the public square is emptied of religion in favor of a presumptive "value-free" neutrality. It involves developing methods of enacting government policy that are free from overt or implicit religious bias

It involves creating a public space in which religious commitments may be voiced as part of normal discourse but are not permitted to override others

Illustrating the difficulty of adequate comparison within certain taken-for-granted categories associated with the WRP, Hedges points out that it might be particularly appropriate to compare the Quran with ___________. Guru Gobind Singh Jesus The Dao De Jing The Bhagavad Gita

Jesus

In Victor Turner's theoretical work on rites of passage, he builds upon van Gennep's ideas and devotes particular attention to a phase of the process during which time an individual has become temporarily separated from their previous social status or identity and has not yet be reincorporated into a new role. This "betwixt and between" period is referred to as: Performativity Liminality The transitional state The intermediate state

Liminality

In discussing some criticisms of prior scholarship on comparative religion from the last century, Hedges cites J.Z. Smith's use of what term to discuss how poor comparison may lead some to assume similarities where they do not exist? Illusion Imagination Sorcery Magic

Magic

In presenting forms of Buddhist-Christian dialogue or encounter that has occurred over the centuries, which of the following figures does Hedges name as a participant? George Harrison Jimmy Carter Martin Luther King, Jr. Henry David Thoreau

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Rebecca Alpert's discussion of sports and religion explores some of the ways different theorists of religion have provided frameworks that might help us make sense of comparing these two entities (or activities). In the process, she refers to all of the following theorists, except: Marx Geertz Eliade Durkheim

Marx

A perspective on the nation in which a diverse set of ethnicities, or cultural groups, are seen as inherent to the makeup of the nation and none is favored is described by David Brown (in Hedges) as __________. Ethnocultural nationalism Multicultural nationalism Civic nationalism Secular nationalism

Multicultural nationalism

In recognition of the fact that much of the world has responded to the events and dynamics typically traced back to the Renaissance and the Enlightenment in distinctive ways, Hedges proposes that understandings and instantiations of secularism have varied across the globe. This reflects what he describes as _____________. The cultural dialogue of disenchantment Postcolonial policymaking variability Rhetorical reenchantment Multiple modernities

Multiple modernities

In discussing the notion of "religious violence," Hedges admits that: Some religious traditions appear to especially sanction violence against non-members It is particularly prevalent among fundamentalists across traditions Religious identity typically motivates violence when scare resources are at stake Religions can sometimes provide a justifying ideology supporting violent actions

Religions can sometimes provide a justifying ideology supporting violent actions

Drawing from linguistics, Hedges in this chapter describes a type of analysis that examines a set of relations between persons and place in their use in the present moment, or outside of time and history. (For example, their structural relations to one another.) This approach is termed __________. Illocutionary Diachronic Synchronic Semantic

Synchronic

All of the following claims or observations are generally represented (in principle or paraphrase) in this chapter, except: The Singaporean policy requiring Malay-Muslims to follow shariah family law has been argued by some to violate their human right to the freedom of religion Scholars should be wary of those in the field who seek to unmask the agendas of others without revealing anything about their own commitments Some theorists would suggest that sacred symbols and values may be enshrined and reinforced by secular or atheist regimes The idea that pre-modern notions of national identity did not typically include fixed territorial borders

The Singaporean policy requiring Malay-Muslims to follow shariah family law has been argued by some to violate their human right to the freedom of religion

In describing elements of an Anglican (Episcopalian) "high church" ceremony as ritual performance, Hedges describes all of the following, except: The communal confession of sins The celebrant's personal acts of preparation (including prayer) prior to the service Wafting incense over the Bible from which a portion of the Gospels is read Tea and coffee service at the back of the church or nearby

The celebrant's personal acts of preparation (including prayer) prior to the service

According to Hedges, all of the following is true of the World's Parliament of Religions meeting in 1893, except: The organizers aimed to showcase the presumed superiority of the Christian tradition The conference intended the format to suggest that every religion was equally worthy and deserving of the same respect It was part of events surrounding a larger world trade fair It provided a platform for representatives of Hindu and Buddhist traditions to attract American media attention

The conference intended the format to suggest that every religion was equally worthy and deserving of the same respect

According to J.L. Austin's work on performative speech acts, what is an illocutionary act? An act that deceptively asserts the authority to act when the speaker does not possess it The construction of a verbal statement in a grammatically coherent fashion with an intended meaning A statement that can be confirmed as true through objective observation or analysis of empirical evidence The failure to speak in a way that is comprehensible to the intended audience, leading to misunderstanding

The construction of a verbal statement in a grammatically coherent fashion with an intended meaning

Which of the following is true of the case of feminists engaging in dialogue about scripture? They agreed that portions of the text that suggested men could beat their wives were likely later insertions or accretions The women present held leadership positions in their respective communities and therefore could be said to represent educated or elite perspectives Those participating were not all identified as belonging to a particular tradition, but included women who engaged in strategic religious participation or considered themselves spiritual but not religious. The women modeled a storytelling approach in which they described their own individual journeys navigating aspects of their tradition, rather than trying to speak as representatives of the tradition

The women modeled a storytelling approach in which they described their own individual journeys navigating aspects of their tradition, rather than trying to speak as representatives of the tradition

We learn from Hedges that the Islamic conception of "protected people" (dhimmi) provided for what under Islamic rule? Those considered "People of the Book" were allowed to follow their own customs and practices Those who were part of the community (ummah) were able to inherit property from their heirs Those who were subject to a Muslim ruler ought to be sheltered from religious persecution All of the above

Those considered "People of the Book" were allowed to follow their own customs and practices

In what way does Hedges suggest incense has been used to transform or affect a religious space? To remind those entering Chinese temples for divination to remember their ancestors To respectfully offer that which is pleasing to the senses to the resident deity of a Hindu temple To control unruly schoolchildren in a cathedral To purify participants entering a Lakota ceremonial space

To control unruly schoolchildren in a cathedral

Catherine Cornille's conditions for interreligious communication or dialogue include all of the following principles, except: Empathy Humility Tolerance Commitment

Tolerance

According to Alpert's research, early Calvinist Protestants in the American colonies saw sports as detrimental to a prosperous and good society. True False

True

In categorizing different approaches to religious diversity, Hedges describes what is known as theological inclusivism. One form of this appears to be what he calls "supersessionism." True False

True

It has been typical in textbook literature on the world's religions to suggest that Hinduism and Judaism are both "ethnic religions" and "nonmissionary" in character. True False

True

Some Buddhist authorities in Sri Lanka have connected the tradition to ethnic and nationalistic identities in ways that have promoted or justified violence. True False

True

Under Vatican II, the Catholic Church accepted elements of other religions that could be construed as true and holy. True False

True

In thinking about the ways religion and sports might mutually "resemble" one another—and include a certain number of shared characteristics—Alpert suggests using Ninian Smart's seven dimensions of religion to note possibly shared features. Which of the following claims does she make in this discussion? The sports calendar marks the rhythm of the year and both athletes and fans participate in rituals of celebration and other ritualized activities A range of emotions and experiences may be felt and expressed through sports, including awe, gratitude, and devotion, as well as grief and loss Some sports paraphernalia may be collected and venerated in ways that suggest their sacred status or holiness all of the above

all of the above

In describing the historical association of religion and sports in American culture, Alpert makes mention of all of the following terms, individuals, or organizations, except: the Boston Red Sox muscular Christianity the YMCA Muhammad Ali

the Boston Red Sox

In addressing some of the ways religious values may come into conflict with sports culture today, Alpert mentions which of the following? the gratuitous violence such as fighting in hockey that runs afoul of religious value systems aimed at promoting peace the backlash faced by professional team owners who move franchises from one city to another the tendency of many professional athletes to forgo social service and social justice initiatives after accumulating significant wealth the recent legalization of sports betting nationally through companies that encourage compulsive gambling

the gratuitous violence such as fighting in hockey that runs afoul of religious value systems aimed at promoting peace


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Chapter 3 - Interaction of Supply and Demand

View Set

Medical term for chapter 3 intro test

View Set

Process Management (LEAN and Six Sigma)

View Set

How Much Do You Know About Plagiarism?

View Set

Chapter 1: Photosynthesis and Plant Growth

View Set

UNIT 11: Testing and Individual Differences

View Set

Bayerische Sachen: Teil VI (Traditional Bavarian Food)

View Set