White Collar Crime Test 2
What is one specific method that the EPA uses to help keep the public informed about air pollution issues?
Airnow
Market manipulation by energy companies is restricted under which statute?
Energy independence and Security Act of 2007
In the 1990s, U.S. officials tried to apply criminal sanctions to businesses in other countries that committed corporate crimes, but the Supreme Court prevented it.
False
Prior to the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 14,000 people died in the United States everyday while working.
False
Secondary victims include members of the community harmed by victimization.
False
Unlike victims of other white-collar crimes that often fail to report their victimization, most victims of computer-related crimes report offenses.
False
Vandalism is a consequence of mortgage fraud usually faced by businesses forced to shut down.
False
When 100 people died in a nightclub fire, the club had committed the offense of providing an unsafe product.
False
White-collar cybercrime describes crimes that occur outside of an employer's workplace.
False
With globalization and unsafe goods, the United States is doing a better job at tracking which goods and parts come from which countries so that they can be held responsible in the case of an unsafe product.
False
Why were the 1970s labeled the "environment decade?"
Hundreds of new laws were passed to protect the environment
Opportunity explanations for computer crimes focus on the ease with which offenses are committed.
True
Student loan fraud is often committed by students themselves by taking out college loans knowing that they don't plan to attend.
True
Students became targets for student aid fraud as the demand for a college education increases.
True
The Commodity Exchange Act calls upon the Federal Trade Commission to treat market manipulations by petroleum and oil company insiders as false and deceptive business practices that could be subjected to fines of up to one million dollars
True
One of the four views that define the concept of a corporation is which of the following?
corporations exist in a physical or structural presence
If an offender remotely accesses the control systems of an infant formula manufacturer and changes the ingredients with a deadly result, what type of crime has been committed?
cyberterrorism
In 2004 when a large college was caught lying to students about the transfer ability of its credits, what type of offense were they committing?
deceptive sales
Which of the following is a warning sign for mortgage fraud?
increased commissions for brokers
How does banking fraud differ from investment fraud?
individuals engage in fraudulent behaviors to take money from a bank
What is usually stolen during theft as a computer crime?
information
The theft of intellectual property is what type of stolen information?
information protected by copyright
Imagine you are taking a test in a class where one classmate was able to access the test questions ahead of time through a friend. What type of crime in the economic system is this analogy most similar to?
insider trading
Business activities that are covered by antitrust laws include which of the following?
intellectual property use
If someone failed to pay for an item "bought" on eBay, what type of crime would they be committing?
internet crime
What are crimes in the economic system usually classified as?
investment fraud
Which of the following is a red flag warning of a Ponzi scheme?
investors receive high returns consistently
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1984, broadened in 1996 to make various aspects of computer offending a federal crime, is what strategy for responding to cybercrime?
legislative
Over one-third of companies surveyed in a study on cybercrime attributed some of their cyberattacks to whom?
malicious insiders
Which offense do some question whether it is a true corporate crime?
price discrimination
What type of antitrust offense is holding prices firm, fixing warranties, and eliminating discounts considered?
price fixing
What type of offense was seen in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina when gas prices were raised significantly?
price gouging
Hospitals are particularly vulnerable to what type of cyberattack?
ransomware
Fraudulent home improvement scams fall under what category of fraud?
real estate agent fraud
Which of the following is not a right given to workers under the Occupational Safety and Health Act?
refuse to work if they feel conditions are unsafe
Under the 'sin-tax' what are companies allowed to do with pollutants?
release pollutants into the air
An agent who fails to pay off a homeowner's original mortgage at closing by keeping the money instead of sending the funds to the lending institution is committing what type of fraud?
reverse mortgage fraud
In regards to the corporate crime dynamics, what does the breadth of victimization refer to?
single offenses can affect millions of people
Which type of fraud occurs when individuals purchase a home they don't plan to live in and then deed the home over to another person who plans to live there?
straw buyer fraud
Which of the following is not a cost associated with workplace injuries and illnesses?
stricter policies relating to the work environment
In 2014, the U.S. Department of Education offered what conclusion about student loan fraud between 2009 and 2012?
student aid fraud rings began to operate
What role is the computer playing if it is hacked?
target of an offense
What does the "cradle to the grave" provision of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act refer to?
the responsibility of the creator of the waste to track it from creation to disposal
Pollution itself is not an environmental crime.
true
Social networking sites, like Facebook, relate to and offer five different opportunities for white-collar crime.
true
The media pays little attention to corporate crimes.
true
Two types of crackers exist, those on the inside of a targeted company and those on the outside
true
What type of crime do hackers or crackers usually commit?
unauthorized access
A survey by the Ponemon Institute found that the cost of cyber offending was highest in which industries?
utilities, financial, and energy
When parties from different levels of production, manufacturing, and distribution agree to set prices at a certain level, they are committing what type of offense?
vertical price fixing
How do victim characteristics inhibit law enforcement response to computer crimes?
victims often don't know that they are victims
When does a short sale of a foreclosed home become mortgage fraud?
when an agent convinces a bank to sell a home at a loss and uses a corporation to buy the house at a significantly higher price
An offender working with a network of conspirators to commit crimes is an example of what pattern typical in investment fraud?
white-collar gangs
When appraisers intentionally do not conduct a thorough determination of a home's value, they are committing what type of fraud?
windshield appraisal
When officials pump up the prices of stocks by sharing false information online and then subsequently sell their own stocks at a higher price, what crime have they committed?
market manipulation
Which type of crime is believed to be pervasive in the natural energy industry?
market manipulation
Why are colleges and universities a possible target for cyber criminals?
the enormous amount of data collected and stored on campuses
What is one important reason for the creation and persistence of sweatshops?
the existence of a large vulnerable and exploitable population
When drug dealers divide a neighborhood into territories to sell drugs and respond violently when other dealers sell in their neighborhood, what type of antitrust offense is this analogous to?
market allocation
Which of these statements about false advertising is not true?
Advertisements featuring celebrities do not necessarily have to reflect their true beliefs about a product, as long as they are aware of this.
Which of the following cannot be considered a type of software crime?
Child pornography
Which of the following is an antitrust offense?
market allocation
Complex jurisdictional issues encourage cooperation among law enforcement agencies in their efforts to respond to cybercrime.
False
Computer crime and cybercrime refer to computer-related behaviors that are illegal, but not harmful.
False
Deceptive sales occur when businesses make inaccurate statements about their products or services in order to facilitate the sale of those items/services.
False
In a Ponzi scheme, the victim rarely interacts with the creator of the scheme.
False
Piracy is most specifically considered a type of internet crime.
False
What do pyramid and Ponzi schemes have in common?
Payments made to investors come from new participants in the schemes
Which type of harmful products is often found to be the most unsafe?
Toys
Crimes in the economic system are generally classified as investment fraud and banking fraud.
True
Exclusively using one appraiser can be a warning sign of mortgage fraud.
True
For straw buying schemes to be successful, appraisers must provide inflated appraisals.
True
Interference with an individual's access to their technology because of cyber offending can cause physical and social consequences for the victim.
True
Misrepresenting preloan counseling can be a type of reverse mortgage fraud.
True
Under which circumstance is price discrimination illegal?
it decreases competition
Why are antitrust offenses difficult for officials to detect or identify?
agreements can be made without verbal or written evidence
What separates illegal flipping and legitimate fixing and reselling of houses?
an individual home is bought and resold multiple times at inflated prices
What is a common pattern shared by mortgage and investment offenders?
an offender is involved with a network of participants to commit fraud
A group of infected computers online, under the control of one cyber offender at the same time, is known as what type of computer crime?
botnet
Chunking and churning are types of mortgage fraud that involve what type of real estate activity?
buying and selling multiple homes
When an offender convinced people to invest in gold that did not actually exist, what type of investment fraud was committed?
commodities fraud
Competitors who conspire to submit artificially high bids or estimates so that a specific competitor with a low price will be selected for a job are committing what type of collusion?
complementary bidding
Why is there so little attention given to reporting on corporate crimes?
corporate crime is not as sensational as other types of crime
Which of the following is an employee-based strategy that employers use to protect their businesses from computer crime in the workplace?
employee-initiated audits of their computer use
The allegations against the British Petroleum company (BP) after their major oil spill in 2010 were for what type of crime?
environmental crime
Which type of mortgage fraud involves investors convincing financially distressed homeowners to "hire" them to buy the home?
equity skimming
What has the government done to try to address the working conditions and exploitation of workers in sweatshops?
established the fair labor and standards act targeting unfair labor practices such as exploitation and discrimination
An employer who asks a worker to stay late and help clean up without being paid is committing what type of offense?
exploitation
The public is often aware of corporate crimes committed by companies, but do not realize the actions they can take to stop it.
false
Which type of offense is likely to go unnoticed by victims?
food poisoning
What type of crime do prearranged trading and bucketing fall under?
futures trading fund
With nursing home neglect, what type of offense is being committed?
harmful treatment of consumers
If an offender convinces an investor to invest on the promise that funds are backed by the Federal Reserve when in fact there is no backing for these funds, what type of crime has been committed?
high-yield investment schemes
What computer crime can result from responding to phishing emails?
identity theft
If a computer virus is not introduced into a computer by an intruder, what is the intruder's probable goal?
obtain information
When cyber offenders steal information for profit, what is one way they sell stolen information?
offer dumps of credit card and/or banking information
What type of computer crime is most prevalent on college campuses?
piracy
What type of fraud do builders commit?
they offer excessive incentives to buyers that are not reported to the lender to increase their profit
Even if they get caught, many corporations believe the benefits outweigh the costs when it comes to committing corporate crimes
true
Food poisoning is considered a corporate crime.
true
