WOH FInal

England won the Hundred Year's War because of the English reliance on the longbow. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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In the Columbian Exchange of goods, which of the following was introduced to Europe from the Americas? A) Wheat B) Maize C) Sugar D) Cattle E) Bananas Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Medieval cities were always under the direct rule of the local nobility. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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Where Lutheranism was established, the state played no role in supervising or overseeing the church. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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As a proud Manchu, Kangxi refused any accommodation with Chinese political or intellectual culture. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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Before Constantine made Constantinople the new capital of Rome in 324, what was the name of that city? A) Jerusalem B) Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) C) Milan D) Byzantium E) Ravenna Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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In the Safavid Empire, only a small minority of the population was Iranian. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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Rome was the largest city in Europe in the Middle Ages. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The most active opponent of religious intolerance and the most outspoken anti-Christians among the philosophes were A) Lavisher and Rousseau. B) Voltaire and Diderot. C) Diderot and Bourbon. D) Montesquieu and Adrien. E) Quesnay and Pelletier. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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Where Lutheranism was established, the state played no role in supervising or overseeing the church. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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Where is the first place in Europe to experience an epidemic outbreak of the Black Death in 1347? A) Paris B) Messina C) London D) Prague E) Marseille Answer(s): B

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Women in Ottoman society A) had considerable political influence if they were queen mothers. B) were given much more freedom in the economic sphere than those of Vietnam. C) had no political influence, as was shown by the fate Suleyman the Magnificent's mother. D) who lived in the harem were abused sexually by the sultan and his male friends and, at times, even by enlisted army personnel. E) served as royal bodyguards and, if slaves, were used to produce royal heirs. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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A discovery made by Galileo was the A) development of the calculus. B) fallacy of the existence of sunspots and the phases of Venus. C) five moons revolving around Pluto. D) similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth. E) totally flat terrain of the earth's moon. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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As a result of the Fourth Crusade, the West established a permanent political presence in the Byzantine Empire. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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Social institutions tended to be fairly homogenous throughout Southeast Asia during the early modern era. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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The Mughals were founded by a descendent of Genghis Khan. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The decline of the Ming began during the reign of Kangxi. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The government under the rule of the shogun was known as the bakufu, or "tent government." A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The greatest danger to Louis XIV's rule came from rebellious peasants. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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Voltaire was especially well known for his criticism of: A) the monarchy B) the Catholic Church C) traditional religion D) the move toward scientific thinking Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Advocates of "mercantilism" argued for all of the following except A) governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy. B) a nation prosperity depended upon a plentiful supply of bullion (gold and silver). C) exports must exceed imports. D) tariffs should be place on foreign goods. E) governments should improve transportation facilities and grant trade monopolies to businesses. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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After the Turks were defeated in 1687 all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the A) German Empire. B) Holy Roman Empire. C) Austrian Empire. D) Bohemian Empire. E) Ottoman Empire. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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After the expulsion of Christian missionaries and other Westerners, the Japanese allowed only the Dutch access to Japan. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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After the expulsion of Christian missionaries and other Westerners, the Japanese allowed only the Dutch access to Japan. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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All of the following are correct about the Janissaries except A) they were recruited from the Christian population of the Balkans. B) they fought as on horseback as cavalry warriors. C) they were converted to Islam. D) they were infantry troops. E) they used muskets. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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As a result of European expansion into Africa, A) the Mwene Metapa was entirely eliminated by the Portuguese. B) the economic conditions of the continent were unaltered. C) North African political regimes were toppled by French forces. D) internal conflict among native African groups was intensified. E) most Africans became wealthier. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty in India, A) traced his roots to Muhammad on his mother's side. B) took Isfahan early in the sixteenth century, before leading his forces into India. C) was born in Egypt. D) established his northern Indian domain after his conquest of Delhi, and died at age of 47. E) was the first Chinese-born ruler of India. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Before the coming of the Europeans, most slaves in Africa were prisoners of war captives or had inherited their status. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Christopher Columbus set off on his voyages of exploration motivated primarily by his A) hope of finding gold. B) desire to find a direct ocean route to Asia and its lucrative spice trade. C) conviction that there was a new, unknown land to the west of Europe. D) belief that he could sail directly west and reach the end of the world. E) determination to find new peoples and name them after himself. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Constantinople was captured by the A) Seljuk Turks, led by Suleyman the Magnificent. B) Ottoman Turks, led by Tamerlane. C) Safavids, under Shah Ismail. D) Ottoman Turks, headed by Mehmet II. E) Mongols, led by Akbar. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Developments that helped Europeans expand their influence on the oceans included all except A) the development of portolani. B) the acquisition of the Chinese sternpost rudder. C) a combination of lateen sails with square rigging and the ability to build ever larger and more mobile ships. D) the construction of gigantic ships, even larger than those employed by the Ming's Zhenghe. E) recent naval experience on the high seas. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Dutch colonial efforts were A) incredibly unsuccessful, as their huge expenditures did not produce a single profitable colony. B) ended by superior Portuguese power in North America before 1700. C) weakened by their principled refusal to take part in the slave trade. D) highly successful in Southeast Asia, and particularly on the island of Java. E) most economically profitable in New Amsterdam. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following reasons except A) there was a potential for economic gain through increased world trade. B) some desired to spread Christianity to other parts of the world. C) they had developed confidence from improved cartography, navigational methods, and ship designs. D) fear than Islam would occupy the rest of the world if Christendom did not. E) knowledge of wind patterns in the Atlantic Ocean. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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In 1529, Suleyman I the Magnificent conquered Vienna. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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In England, during the period of the 1640s to 1660, all of the following occurred except A) Charles I was executed. B) Charles I antagonized the Puritans in Parliament. C) Oliver Cromwell led his New Model Army to victory over the forces of the king. D) Charles II replaced his executed father on the English throne. E) after the death of Charles I, Cromwell became the new king of England. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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In Vietnam, A) women had less authority than their counterparts in China. B) women could never initiate divorce proceedings against their husbands. C) women possessed more rights, in practice and in law, than in China. D) Confucianism was never an influence. E) Chinese rule was paramount for almost 1200 years. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the writer who said each of us is born with a tabula rasa was A) John Locke. B) Rene Descartes. C) Voltaire. D) Isaac Newton. E) Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the major state of the former Byzantine Empire was the A) Latin Empire of Constantinople. B) Venetian Kingdom of Constantinople. C) Greek Empire of Constantinople. D) Ottoman Turk Empire of Istanbul. E) Latin Kingdom of Anatolia. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Known as "the way of the warrior," the strict code of the Japanese retainer was called A) hara-kiri. B) Bushido. C) Shogun. D) Samurai. E) kamikazi. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Lord Macartney convinced Emperor Qianlong to open Chinese ports to British trade. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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Lord Macartney convinced Emperor Qianlong to open Chinese ports to British trade. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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Political disintegration in the fourteenth century resulted from all of the following except A) financial problems. B) use of mercenary soldiers. C) the breakdown of feudalism. D) dynasties had too many male heirs. E) dynasties were unable to produce male heirs. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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Puritans were all of the following except that A) they were Protestant Christians. B) they wanted to reform the Anglican church. C) they admired the Catholic elements in the Church of England D) they frequently disagreed with the Stuart kings. E) much of England's gentry were Puritans. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Safavid power was spread through Persia by A) resurgent Sunni military leaders. B) Ismail's militant use of Shi'ite Islam to unify the region. C) Safi's enforcement of sufi mysticism throughout the region. D) Shah Abbas' successful military campaigns against the Byzantines. E) Sunni pashas. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Saikaku was a major Japanese novelist who wrote about A) picturesque rural scenes. B) alienated samurai. C) five women ready to die for sexual ecstasy. D) the early development of kabuki. E) a history of the Tokugawa shogunate. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Shinto A) is the Japanese version of Theravada Buddhism. B) involves the performance of ritual acts, usually performed at a shrine. C) stresses military violence and gore. D) includes aspects involving belief in the humanity of the emperor. E) was heavily influence by Southeast Asian Hinduism. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Spanish conquistadors were reluctant to conquer native American peoples because they believed military conquest was anti-Christian. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Renaissance was largely an urban phenomenon. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The major threat to the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century came from the A) Arabs. B) Seljuk Turks. C) Ottoman Turks. D) Austrians. E) Persians. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The most ironic aspect of Napoleon's career or rule in France was that A) it was more autocratic than that of Louis XVI, which had initially sparked the Revolution. B) Napoleon never understood of the nuances of French domestic political developments. C) the ruling European monarchs failed to recognize the fragility of the political dilemma that such a regime could promulgate. D) it took advice from the Bishop of Rome, or the Pope, in all domestic matters. E) it ended where it began, back in Corsica. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The spark that began the Glorious Revolution was the A) execution of Charles I. B) restoration of Charles II. C) declaration of the Commonwealth by Oliver Cromwell. D) birth of a son to James II. E) accession to the throne by Queen Anne. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The traditional liberal arts included all of the following except A) rhetoric. B) biology. C) music. D) astronomy. E) geometry. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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In the 1400s, after the Ming admiral Zhenghe had successfully led several large sailing expeditions to the coast of Africa and throughout Southeast Asia, the voyages were discontinued and were never revived. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The Uighur's writing system, which was imitated and utilized by many cultures, was based on a system of written characters unique to the Uighur. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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All of the following are correct regarding the development of fief-holding except it A) was a response by local leaders who gathered military retainers to protect themselves, as the remnants of the imperial government could not adequately defend the state. B) led to the creation of a large number of knights who literally owed their livings to the lord who granted them a fief. C) led to a five-hundred-year period when warfare was dominated by heavily armed cavalry. D) reflected the high value of land during the centuries during which it was established. E) was a result of the Church's attempt to give serfs and peasants more social mobility. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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All of the following are true about scholasticism except A) it is a term used to depict the philosophical and theological system of medieval universities. B) it attempted to prove the unity of faith and reason. C) it was preoccupied with establishing the concurrence between Christian and Aristotelian thought. D) the author of the Summa Theologica was Abelard dun Scotus. E) theology was considered to be the "queen of the sciences." Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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All of the following were true about medieval Chinese life except A) most people had developed life styles that were far removed from agriculture. B) technological developments such as block printing improved communication. C) life for most Chinese of the era was centered around the local village. D) the volume and value of trading activity grew. E) the occupation of most Chinese was farming. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Although medieval China was the source of many of the great inventions of its time, it failed to develop the technological advances that these inventions produced elsewhere mainly because A) the emperors feared the spread of new ideas. B) the Chinese lacked the technical skills to advance their knowledge. C) Neo-Confucianism focused on the elimination of any expansive developments. D) Confucian values, coupled with scholar-gentry indifference, stifled technological advancement. E) Daoist priests objected to progress and change. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Although the Sui dynasty ruled only a short time, its successes included the construction of the Grand Canal, linking the Yangtze and the Yellow rivers. A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Although the Sui dynasty ruled only a short time, its successes included the construction of the Grand Canal, linking the Yangtze and the Yellow rivers. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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Although the earlier Tang dynasty based the civil service examinations exclusively upon Confucian texts, the later Song also included both Daoist and Buddhist texts. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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Aristocratic medieval women A) in unusual circumstances, could play a major role, as did Eleanor of Aquitaine. B) were totally independent of their men. C) never assumed managerial responsibilities in spite of their husband's frequent absences. D) were always dominant in their marriages. E) frequently led troops into battle in the absence of their husbands. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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As a result of early Tang rule, A) Chinese cultural development was stifled. B) Buddhist influence helped to produce a blossoming of Chinese culture. C) Buddhist monastic activities were curtailed. D) internal weakness became endemic throughout China. E) Nestorian beliefs became dominant in the Yangtze Valley. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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As a result of the Black Death A) peasants were worse off. B) social unrest increased. C) social unrest decreased. D) the Roman Church gained power and authority. E) citizen-ruled republics replaced divine-right monarchies in much of Europe. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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As a result of the Black Death A) there was a decrease in Anti-Semitism. B) there was an increase in Anti-Semitism. C) flagellation disappeared. D) the population rose in Italian cities but fell in English and French cities and towns. E) the Pope moved to Avignon. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the A) Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantines. B) Byzantines defeated the Normans. C) Byzantines defeated the Seljuk Turks. D) crusaders conquered Constantinople. E) Ottoman Turks defeated the Byzantines. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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At the beginning of the Hundred Years' War, the English had the advantage because of A) cannon and gunpowder. B) the crossbow. C) the longbow. D) heavily armored cavalry. E) German mercenaries. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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By the end of the thirteenth century, the institutionalization of the English Parliament A) provided the foundation for the absolute rule of the monarch. B) enabled the barons and church lords to establish themselves in the House of Commons. C) was a system of power sharing between the monarch and groups within the society. D) enabled the knights and burgesses to establish themselves in the House of Lords. E) had failed because of the impact of the Black Death. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Cave murals in the oasis town of Dunhuang reveal that what religion was migrating west along the Silk Road? A) Islam B) Buddhism C) Shinto D) Confucianism E) Christianity Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Due to various technical aspects of the Chinese language, its poetry had A) a brevity in the amount of lines used and the number of words in each line. B) a high degree of vagueness which repelled most Chinese. C) a verbosity to its construction. D) an incompatibility with music. E) little impact on Chinese culture. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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During the Song Dynasty, over half of government office appointments went to men who had passed a series of examinations on A) Buddhist sutras. B) Confucian texts and philosophy. D) cosmology. E) Tang legal codes. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Empress Wu A) made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system. B) achieved nothing positive during her rule. C) deposed her courtiers at the age of 80 and went on to rule another eight years. D) found a rationalization for her rule in a Daoist sutra. E) was assassinated on her fortieth birthday. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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Heian, which was the capital of Japan beginning in 794, was built on the site of present-day Kyoto. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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In 800, Charlemagne was crowned A) King of the Franks. B) Bishop of Rome. C) Ruler of the Germans. D) Roman Emperor. E) Emperor of the East. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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In reaction to the Tang infiltration into the Korean Peninsula, A) relations between the Korean kingdoms and the Japanese rulers became estranged. B) Japanese governmental power became more decentralized for a time. C) Shotoku Taishi made contacts with Tang rulers in order to adopt Chinese governing methods. D) Japan declared war upon Korea. E) Japan declared war upon Tang China. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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In terms of its relations with neighboring powers, the Song A) met their ultimate demise at the hands of the Mongols. B) was able to maintain a permanent dominance over the Jin Dynasty of the Jurchens. C) reconquered the northern region controlled by the Uighurs. D) learned from the mistakes of the Tang and avoided a similar fate. E) conquered Japan, the first time that this had happened. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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In the Chinese civil service examination system A) candidates from southern China always received the highest positions. B) the system entirely eliminated aristocratic influence in the government bureaucracy. C) the Song severely restricted the eligibility for taking the exams. D) many candidates who passed the first examination did not go on to a higher level. E) very few of the successful candidates came from the landed gentry. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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In the thirteenth century, the Mongols seized the northern part of Korea, assimilating it into the Yuan empire. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Japanese haiku A) often focused on images from nature. B) usually concerned itself with the fortunes of war. C) was the product of a single author who produced very brief poetic descriptions. D) was totally rejected in Japan after the fourteenth century. E) reflected the samurai love of war and violence. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Japanese haiku A) often focused on images from nature. B) usually concerned itself with the fortunes of war. C) was the product of a single author who produced very brief poetic descriptions. D) was totally rejected in Japan after the fourteenth century. E) reflected the samurai love of war and violence. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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Japanese poetry A) expressed themes in simple forms designed to create a general mood. B) used very complex forms and techniques to develop very precise ideas and meanings. C) originated when Tang poets arrived in Japan and opened well-attended writing schools. D) never used nature as a subject matter. E) had little impact upon Japanese literature, which was mostly written in a prose form. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Justinian's most lasting accomplishment was A) his victory over the Ostrogoths. B) his defeat of the Muslim armies outside of Constantinople. C) the Corpus Iuris Civilis. D) his victory over the Nika rioters. E) the construction of Notre Dame. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Known as "the way of the warrior," the strict code of the Japanese retainer was called A) hara-kiri. B) Bushido. C) Shogun. D) Samurai. E) kamikazi. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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Korea A) was more influenced by Chinese ideas and practices than any other East Asian society. B) did not develop a full governmental structure until the Yuan Dynasty imposed one in the thirteenth century. C) has a warm, humid climate, never experiencing sub-freezing temperatures. D) during the Koryo Dynasty, curbed the power of the nobility, permanently establishing a centralized administrative structure. E) had almost no contact with Japan until the nineteenth century. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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Monasticism in medieval Europe A) was entirely a male area of activity. B) involved an egalitarian governance structure. C) included women, many of whom belonged to royal families D) was based upon the model established by St. Basil. E) was made up of hermit monks. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Neo-Confucianism A) was greatly aided in its intellectual development by Wu Zhao. B) under Zhu Xi, divided the world into a material world and a transcendent world. C) maintained that the world is illusory unless one possesses a rare variety of karma. D) was a translation of the Master's works into Japanese. E) succumbed to a revived Buddhism. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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One of the reasons the kingdom of Silla was able to dominate over the other two Korean kingdoms of Paekche and Koguryo was that A) Silla was the oldest of the three kingdoms. B) Silla was in contact with the Nara/Heian states of Japan. C) Koguryo invaded Paekche, leaving Silla to take over the rest of the peninsula. D) Silla was the only fertile land of the Korean regions. E) Silla was the only one of the three kingdoms to prevent a full takeover by the Tang Empire. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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Renaissance artists A) painted and sculpted only religious subjects. B) never painted or sculpted religious subjects. C) imitated nature. D) turned their back on nature, following instead their inner subjective emotions. E) never worked for the Church. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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The Church's primary instrument of conversion was the monastic movement. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The Confucian scholar who was the primary proponent of the idea that the correct way to transcend the material world was self-cultivation through the "investigation of things" was A) Zhu Xi. B) Wang Yangming. C) Fa Xua. D) Tang Wo. E) Shao Yung. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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The Grand Canal linked what? A) The Yellow River to the Yellow Sea B) China to Japan C) The Yellow and Yangzi Rivers D) China to Mongolia E) China to western Europe Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The Grand Canal, which linked the T'ang capital to the coastal towns of the south, allowed the T'ang to shift their government farther to the east. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The Japanese creation myth A) was identical to that of the ancient Sumerians. B) stated that Kusaka and his daughter Krishnu had created the earth in two days and established Japan two months later. C) involved the marriage of the god Izanagi and the goddess Izanami. D) was discarded during the Heian period. E) involved a great flood, similar to the stories of Gilgamesh and Noah. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The Japanese moon god was Amaterasu. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The Mongols A) were unsuccessful in two attempts to capture Japan. B) forced thousands of Koreans to perform forced labor. C) were driven out of Vietnam by Vietnamese guerrillas. D) both a and b E) a, b, and c Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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The Mongols A) were unsuccessful in two attempts to capture Japan. B) forced thousands of Koreans to perform forced labor. C) were driven out of Vietnam by Vietnamese guerrillas. D) both a and b E) a, b, and c Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The Mongols A) were, under Genghis Khan, aggressive traders virtually obsessed with making profits. B) ruled China, by means of the Yuan Dynasty, for four hundred and thirty-seven years. C) established their capital in China at Nanjing. D) destroyed the Chinese economy by outlawing all trade. E) made use of Chinese institutions in governing China. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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The Mongols A) were, under Genghis Khan, aggressive traders virtually obsessed with making profits. B) ruled China, by means of the Yuan Dynasty, for four hundred and thirty-seven years. C) established their capital in China at Nanjing. D) destroyed the Chinese economy by outlawing all trade. E) made use of Chinese institutions in governing China. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The Mongols were able to maintain control in China for an extended period because they A) rapidly assimilated into Chinese society. B) maintained a system of harsh reprisals for Chinese noncompliance. C) created a totally new political system that the Chinese found refreshingly appealing. D) maintained commercial policies that were conducive to Chinese prosperity. E) outlawed the subversive ideas of Confucius. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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The Renaissance artist who moved away from realistic portrayals to idealized forms was A) Leonardo da Vinci. B) Michelangelo. C) Masaccio. D) Raphael. E) Alberti. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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The Renaissance began in A) Byzantium. B) France. C) Italy. D) Spain. E) Flanders. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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The Three Kingdoms of early Korea were A) Xinjang, Silla, and Jurchen. B) Paekche, Silla, and Koguryo. C) Sakhalin, Koryo, and Tientsin. D) Pyongyang, Yalu, and Annam. E) Seoul, Koguryo, and Champa. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Turkish-speaking tribal group that ultimately overthrew the Tang were the A) Mongols. B) Magyars. C) Uighurs. D) Jurchens. E) Kirghiz. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The Vikings were particularly successful in their attacks because they had mastered the use of gunpowder. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The Yi Dynasty allied itself with A) the Mongols. B) the Ming. C) the Koryo. D) Japan. E) Muslim scholars. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The appearance of the violent and destructive Mongol Empire ended all trade between the West and China. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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The appearance of the violent and destructive Mongol Empire ended all trade between the West and China. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The cleric who preached up the Second Crusade in the 1140s was A) St. Bernard of Clairvaux. B) Pope Urban II. C) Pope Innocent III. D) Peter the Hermit. E) Cyril and Methodius. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The custom of foot binding was condemned by the Tang emperors and had disappeared from China by the beginning of the Song era. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The demesne was the land on the manor retained by the lord and worked by peasants and serfs. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The early Frankish king and representative of the Merovingian dynasty was A) Louis the Pious. B) Charles the Hammer. C) Charlemagne. D) Frederick Barbarosa. E) Clovis. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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The founder of the Mongol Empire was A) Ogilvai Khan. B) Khubilai Khan. C) Atta Khan. D) Genghis Khan. E) Tamerlane. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The four Japanese islands are A) Honshu, Luzon, Hainan, and Guam. B) Kyushu, Taiwan, Ryuku, and Kamchatka. C) Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido, and Honshu. D) Okinawa, Tinian, Ryuku, and Diego Garcia. E) Olane, Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Shikoku. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The genin were A) large landowners during the Ashikaga period. B) the wealthiest samurai. C) landless laborers who could be bought and sold by the owners of the land. D) hereditary slaves, and often of Ainu or Korean ancestry. E) Buddhist priests. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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The government under the rule of the shogun was known as the bakufu, or "tent government." A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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The ideal of early fifteenth century Humanists was to A) reject religion and the Church. B) serve the state. C) abandon history and the past. D) work only for the most powerful states. E) establish political democracies throughout Europe. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The l'uomo universale was the ideal of the Renaissance, and who was a person who was capable of achievements in many areas of life. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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The medieval university A) was originally an educational association of students or scholars, as at Bologna. B) taught only technical and scientific courses. C) rejected the study of law. D) only taught people trained in theology. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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The most important code taken by the samurai was their oath of loyalty to A) their personal lord. B) the emperor. C) the shogun. D) their own interests. E) their wives. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The motives for the voyages of Zhenghe possibly included all of the following except A) trading profits. B) curiosity. C) to seek information on a earlier emperor who might have escaped into exile. D) military conquest. E) all of the above Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The name given to the Asian region northwest of traditional China that was pacified by the Tang was A) Xinjiang. B) Korea. C) Japan. D) Silla. E) Bactria. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The new class of Japanese military officials and retainers whose purpose was to protect their patrons and their property was the A) Bushido. B) shogun. C) samurai. D) kamikaze. E) seppuku. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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The new class of Japanese military officials and retainers whose purpose was to protect their patrons and their property was the A) Bushido. B) shogun. C) samurai. D) kamikaze. E) seppuku. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The nomadic people who aligned with the Tang to dominate much of the carrying trade along the Silk Road were the A) Mongols. B) Uzbeks. C) Uighurs. D) Jurchens. E) Berbers. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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The nomadic people who aligned with the Tang to dominate much of the carrying trade along the Silk Road were the A) Mongols. B) Uzbeks. C) Uighurs. D) Jurchens. E) Berbers. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The piece of land that provided the feudal vassal's economic support was the A) fief. B) tallage. C) homage. D) vassalage. E) right. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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The pope who gave his blessing and authorized the First Crusade was A) Urban II. B) Gregory VII. C) Gregory the Great. D) Innocent III. E) Edward the Confessor. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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The samurai A) were a hereditary warrior class in medieval Japan recruited in Manchuria and Siberia. B) were similar medieval European knights. C) were the oath-pledged military retainers of the shogun, constituting a formal national army. D) took oaths of poverty, chastity and obedience before their formal investiture. E) were recruited from the peasant class. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The samurai A) were a hereditary warrior class in medieval Japan recruited in Manchuria and Siberia. B) were similar medieval European knights. C) were the oath-pledged military retainers of the shogun, constituting a formal national army. D) took oaths of poverty, chastity and obedience before their formal investiture. E) were recruited from the peasant class. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The so-called "seventeen-article constitution" involved A) a decentralization of Japanese government by Shotoku Taishi. B) an effort to enable the Japanese to conquer the Tang Dynasty of China. C) the formal establishment of feudalism. D) a last-ditch effort to keep peasants under Buddhist control. E) a centralized government under a supreme ruler and a merit system. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The two early Japanese capitals were ____ and ____. A) Edo and Kamakura. B) Edo and Ashikaga. C) Nara and Edo. D) Heian and Kamakura. E) Nara and Heian. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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Under the Ashikaga shogunate, A) the samurai took control of the lands of the daimyo. B) centralized shogunate power in Japan increased enormously. C) daimyo reliance on samurai protection increased. D) the emperor came to dominate the samurai. E) the Mongols successfully captured Japan. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Vassals A) took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. B) generated most of their livable income from trade and commerce. C) were supported by the income from a fief of land. D) were owed allegiance by their lords. E) were unfree peasants. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Which of the following is true of the Japanese islands? A) Honshu receives over 200 inches of snow each year. B) It contains so many mountains that the percentage of land that it can use for farming is under three percent. C) Since its mountains are volcanic, much of its soil is very poor. D) The nearness to the Asian and Pacific tectonic plates causes it to be subject to violent earthquakes. E) The largest of the four main islands is Kyushu. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Who were the Asian people, defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld, who became Christians and went on to establish the Kingdom of Hungary? A) the Mongols B) the Magyars C) the Vikings D) the Slavs E) the Golden Horde Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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With the increase in trade and urban activities during the Tang and Song eras, A) the rural population declined. B) a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance. C) the social stagnation of the population became institutionalized. D) the scholar-gentry provided considerable financial support to Christians. E) most of the population resided in urban areas. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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Buddhism was brought to China by A) gurus from Angkor. B) barbarian invasions. C) travelers from Indonesia. D) Chinese fleets returning from the West. E) merchants from India. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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Central issue(s) complicating the realization of an integrated Holy Roman Empire were A) the difficulty of simultaneously controlling the Italian and German areas of the empire. B) emperors' determination to control France and the Balkans. C) opposition by the popes and the cities of northern Italy. D) both a and b E) both a and c Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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In the attempt to resist the territorial ambitions of the northern Jurchen, the Song turned to the Mongols for support. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The first Gothic church was constructed near A) London B) Rome. C) Paris. D) Venice. E) Constantinople. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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There had been no slavery in Africa before the arrival of the Europeans. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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There was a dramatic rise in commerce and manufacturing, especially in the growing cities, during the Tokugawa shogunate era. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the nature of Ottoman governmental processes? A) Originally, Ottoman rule was dominated by tribal law and augmented by Muslim law. B) The Ottoman Empire was influenced by Byzantine and Persian rule. C) The sultan ruled from the Topkapi with the assistance of the Grand Vezirs, who were primarily the products of the devshirme process. D) The government was located in Istanbul, the former Constantinople. E) The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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After the death of Shotoku Taishi, A) the Tokugawa clan seized power. B) the Fujiwara clan was able to decentralize rule in Japan. C) the unequal availability of the civil service examinations enabled the aristocracy to dominate the government. D) the rural upper classes were unable to prevent tax revenues from enriching the urban nobility. E) the emperor took up residence in Edo. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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All of the following factors contributed to the end of Mongol rule in China except A) excessive military expenditures. B) insufficient incoming receipts from taxes. C) internal strife, aggravated by growing famine. D) inferior abilities among the successors to Khubilai Khan. E) the plague that killed millions of Mongols in 1241 and 1242. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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All of the following statements about Ottoman expansion are true except A) their geographical location gave them a definite advantage for expansion. B) after taking advantage of Byzantine weakness, they established a base at Gallipoli, and then allied with the Serbs and Bulgars to continue fighting the Byzantine Empire. C) after the Kurdish seizure of Constantinople in 1521, Ottoman support of the new Kurdish ruler gave them greater control over Asia Minor. D) as they established European settlements, Turkish beys replaced local landlords, and became the only recipients of taxes collected from the Slavic peasant population. E) they besieged Vienna, unsuccessfully, in 1529 and1683. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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All of the following statements are correct except A) in Europe, as in China, most marriages were arranged by the parents. B) love was the major reason for marriage. C) the husband was to be the ruler and the wife was to obey. D) in the early modern period the family was the heart of the social order. E) in addition to obeying her husband, the wife's other role was to bear children. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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All of the following were motives for the Crusades except A) the desire for military adventure. B) religious fervor. C) the aim to increase religious toleration between Muslims and Christians. D) the desire to gain riches and land. E) to allow the pope to assume the leadership in liberating the Holy Land. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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All of the following were true about the expansion of the Ottoman Empire except A) under Selim I, the Ottomans controlled the Middle East and North Africa. B) by the early sixteenth century, Ottoman power allowed Murad to conquer African Ethiopia. C) the Ottomans gained control over Mecca and Medina. D) by the early eighteenth century, Ottoman control in North Africa had become weaker. E) the Ottomans were twice repulsed on the outskirts of Vienna. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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All of the following were true of Safavid Iran except A) its wealth was much greater than its neighbors, the Mughal and Ottoman empires. B) it had to trade with Europe through southern Russia, since the Europeans controlled the seas to the south and the Ottomans controlled the lands to the west. C) it produced many items that were in high demand in many other parts of the world. D) it maintained a respectable level of thought and learning in philosophy, science, medicine, and mathematics. E) it contained large minority populations, though most of the population was of Iranian background. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Although ostensibly under the control of the kings of Siam, the port of Malacca was also allied with A) Constantinople. B) Kilwa. C) Great Zimbabwe. D) China. E) Aden. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Although world-wide trade increased in seventeenth century, local, regional, and intra-European trade still predominated. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg, A) Calvinism became the dominant faith in northern Germany. B) Germany became highly centralized. C) Charles V reinforced his control over the German princes. D) Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in Germany. E) France was able to become independent of the Holy Roman Empire. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg, A) Calvinism became the dominant faith in northern Germany. B) Germany became highly centralized. C) Charles V reinforced his control over the German princes. D) Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in Germany. E) France was able to become independent of the Holy Roman Empire. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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As the British extended their economic and military control over India, from the coastal cities to the inland regions, A) all local Indian rulers became richer and more powerful. B) British and Indian elite wealth and success increased, as did that of Indian peasants. C) both the British and the Indians prospered from the new alliance. D) British colonial rule in India initially favored Indian interests over those of Britain. E) an estimated one-third of the population in areas under British East Company control died in the 1770s in a series of massive famines. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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Aurangzeb A) issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs. B) ended the zamindar system and created an efficient tax revenue. C) ended the forced conversions to Islam. D) expanded the tolerant religious policies of his predecessor. E) abdicated in favor of his son, Babur. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Basho A) was intrigued by the search for the meaning of existence. B) was Japan's premier seventeenth century architect. C) was the first Muslim intellectual to emerge in Japan. D) was a rebel samurai who tried to assassinate the emperor. E) ended his life by suicide. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Between 1400 and 1800, Southeast Asia experienced its last flowering of traditional culture before the advent of European rule in the nineteenth century. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at A) Cowpens. B) Newburgh. C) Saratoga. D) Yorktown. E) Boston. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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By 1500, poor city-dwellers constituted ____ percent of the urban population. A) 10-15 B) 20 C) 30-40 D) 60-70 E) 85 Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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By 1763, Great Britain had become the world's greatest colonial power. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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By the early 1400s a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported A) by camel caravans across Arabia. B) in European ships, particularly Dutch and Portuguese. C) in Muslim ships. D) in Chinese ships as evidenced by the voyages of Zheng He. E) across the Silk Road from China. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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By the early 1400s a growing percentage of the Asian spice trade was being transported A) by camel caravans across Arabia. B) in European ships, particularly Dutch and Portuguese. C) in Muslim ships. D) in Chinese ships as evidenced by the voyages of Zheng He. E) across the Silk Road from China. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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By the end of the eighteenth century, serfdom had come to an end in eastern Europe, but it still existed in western Europe, and was to prove one of the causes of the French Revolution. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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By the twelfth century, a great center of Islamic learning in West Africa was A) Great Zimbabwe. B) Timbuktu. C) Mansa Musa. D) Niger. E) Zanj. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Christopher Columbus A) was an escaped criminal from Munich when he sailed to the Americas. B) was of Genoese origin, although he gained fame in the service of the Portuguese king. C) was the brother of Hessin Cortes. D) converted to Islam on his forty-third birthday. E) believed that Asia was larger, and closer to Europe by water, than people then thought. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): E

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England won the Hundred Years' War against France. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Flagellants A) was the term used to describe the aristocratic opponents of rebelling serfs. B) were Jews who beat themselves in an effort to avoid harsher abuse by Christians. C) were a new order of friars which were established in France by Joan of Arc. D) were Christian fanatics who physically scourged themselves during the Black Death. E) were hereditary slaves in fifteenth-century Italy. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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France's revolutionary army was an important step in the creation of modern nationalism. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Iconoclasm A) created a division in the Roman Church but not the Orthodox Church. B) required the worship of icons by Orthodox Christians. C) outlawed the use of icons in the Byzantine Empire. D) was imposed upon the East by Charlemagne. E) was a political movement to restore the primacy of Latin in the Byzantine Empire. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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In 1453, the Byzantine Empire fell to the A) Arabs. B) Seljuk Turks. C) Ottoman Turks. D) Bulgars and Ukranians. E) the crusaders. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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In Latin America, the offspring of Africans and whites and of Europeans and natives were called, respectively, A) mestizos and zambos. B) mulattoes and mestizos. C) Iberians and creoles. D) Africans and blancos. E) zingos and rojos. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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In Qing China A) love was seen as a problem because it diverted a couple from their duties to the larger family. B) a family unit might include members of only two living in one house. C) realistic social novels were published in China only in the early twentieth century. D) women held a uniquely honored position in the family because they bore the children. E) romantic love was the norm. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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In Qing China A) love was seen as a problem because it diverted a couple from their duties to the larger family. B) a family unit might include members of only two living in one house. C) realistic social novels were published in China only in the early twentieth century. D) women held a uniquely honored position in the family because they bore the children. E) romantic love was the norm. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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In line with mercantilist theory, A) governments had nothing to do regarding trade and manufacturing policies. B) Latin American countries traded exclusively with their "mother" countries. C) Latin American colonies were encouraged to manufacture. D) American colonies were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets by Europeans. E) the production of heavy industrial products was instituted in Mexico in 1734. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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In the European competition for the control of India, A) Joseph Francois Dupleix was more successful than Sir Robert Clive. B) Sir Robert Clive was more successful than Joseph Francois Dupleix. C) the strong financial support of the French government enabled Joseph Francois Dupleix to gain control of most of the subcontinent. D) the lack of military acumen of Sir Robert Clive prevented him from gaining any significant control over the subcontinent. E) the French defeated the British at the Battle of the Black Hole. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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In the eleventh century, the Byzantine emperor, Basil II, blinded fourteen thousand soldiers of the A) Muslims. B) Vikings. C) Russians. D) Bulgars. E) Franks. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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In the geocentric universe model, the earth revolves around the sun. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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In the sixteenth century, the Safavid Empire A) was opposed by a nomadic Turkish tribe known as the Qizilbash. B) established a militant Shi'ite, yet cosmopolitan, state in Persia. C) was colonized by Europe. D) conquered the Ottoman Empire. E) merged with the Ottoman Empire. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Isaac Newton was an inspiration for the Enlightenment in his contention that the world and everything in it worked like a giant machine. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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Isaac Newton was an inspiration for the Enlightenment in his contention that the world and everything in it worked like a giant machine. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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Janissaries were Hindu rajputs who were converted to Islam by the Ottoman. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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Justinian's most lasting accomplishment was A) his victory over the Ostrogoths. B) his defeat of the Muslim armies outside of Constantinople. C) the Corpus Iuris Civilis. D) his victory over the Nika rioters. E) the construction of Notre Dame. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Luther's reforms included all of the following except A) clerical celibacy. B) a national church in Germany. C) new religious services, including Bible reading and preaching. D) a married Protestant clergy. E) salvation by faith. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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Lyrical Rococo depictions of aristocratic life were expressed in the work of A) William Hogarth. B) Antoine Watteau. C) Joachim Orlov. D) Balthasar Neumann. E) Johann Sebastian Bach. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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Medieval trade guilds set standards for craft production and prices, and A) encouraged experimentation in religious beliefs. B) ran independent states. C) provided financial support for members and their families. D) encouraged women to join as full members. E) encouraged Jews to join and thus helped integrate them into medieval towns. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Mughal architectural developments A) were always undertaken after making certain that expenditures on them would not injure mass living standards. B) often blended Persian and Indian styles to achieve new and beautiful results. C) borrowed heavily from Tibetan and Ottoman styles D) were influenced by the construction techniques of Yuan China. E) were imposed on the Mughals by the British East India Co. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by A) becoming President of the Committee of Public Safety. B) being elected as first director of the Directory. C) seizing power in a coup d'etat. D) capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected president. E) his appointment to the post by a newly restored monarch, Louis XVII. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by A) becoming President of the Committee of Public Safety. B) being elected as first director of the Directory. C) seizing power in a coup d'etat. D) capitalizing on his military victories to become a popularly elected president. E) his appointment to the post by a newly restored monarch, Louis XVII. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Newton's Principia A) placed the earth at the center of the universe. B) rejected the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. C) mathematically disproved the universal law of gravitation. D) supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. E) proved that Luther was correct regarding salvation by faith. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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On the eve of the French Revolution, all of the following are correct except A) the hereditary aristocracy was still the most powerful class in European society. B) the nobles and clergy in France were effectively untaxed, even as the French treasury neared bankruptcy and millions were hungry. C) the bourgeoisie comprised about eight percent of the population. D) the peasants were enthusiastic for revolutionary change. E) monarchy was the norm for European governments. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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One of Napoleon's first acts after seizing power over the Directory was the Concordat of 1801 with A) the Third Estate. B) Louis XVI. C) Austria. D) the Catholic church. E) the French nobility. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Ottoman artists produced distinctive pottery and glazed tiles, at the city of A) Istanbul. B) Edirne. C) Bursa. D) Iznik. E) Aleppo. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Ottoman expansion A) was achieved without any change in military organization or technology between 1400-1700. B) relied heavily on the development of the Janissaries and new artillery weapons and tactics in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. C) absorbed Persia and Samarkand during the 1570s. D) seized Ukraine during the late 1600s, but it was lost again in the early 1700s. E) saw the use of slaves as conscript soldiers. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Outside of Europe, the major scenes of battle in the Seven Years War were A) North America and Africa. B) Central America and India. C) India and North America. D) Latin America and Africa. E) North America and Latin America. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Prince Henry A) was the first European to get to the source of the Zambezi. B) established a school for naval gunners in Portsmouth, England in 1438. C) was depicted as the "epitome" of greed by Bartolomeu Dias. D) established a school for navigators in Portugal in 1419. E) became king of England in 1628. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Probably the best-known artistic achievements of the Ming era were the famous A) court paintings of the artists of Yangzhou. B) silk masterpieces of the chinoiserie. C) blue-and-white porcelain objects. D) intricately carved lacquerware in bold shapes and colored cloisonné. E) jade jewelry works. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Safavid power was spread through Persia by A) resurgent Sunni military leaders. B) Ismail's militant use of Shi'ite Islam to unify the region. C) Safi's enforcement of sufi mysticism throughout the region. D) Shah Abbas' successful military campaigns against the Byzantines. E) Sunni pashas. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The "red heads" were A) the light-haired warriors who destroyed Bokhara in 1380. B) followers of the Shi'ite doctrines of Safi al Din. C) Ottoman Yeni Chari fighters and their "scholar bodyguards." D) Muslim fugitives from Ireland. E) Sufi mystics. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The "warring states era" in Japan occurred during the Tokugawa shogunate. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The Baroque painting style was especially evident in the works of A) El Greco. B) Peter Paul Rubens. C) Gian Lorenzo Bernini. D) Nicholas Poussin. E) Nicholas van Zandt. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Cape of Good Hope was rounded in 1487 by A) Abram Voorhies. B) Vasco da Gama. C) Ferdinand Magellan. D) Bartolomeu Dias. E) Henry the Navigator. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The Committee of Public Safety was established to A) negotiate a military alliance with England. B) combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion. C) provide the nation with a renewed monarchy. D) negotiate the safe return of French emigres. E) control the ambitions of Napoleon. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The Committee of Public Safety was established to A) negotiate a military alliance with England. B) combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion. C) provide the nation with a renewed monarchy. D) negotiate the safe return of French emigres. E) control the ambitions of Napoleon. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Council of Trent took the position that A) confession was now optional for women and ended for men. B) the interpretation of Scripture was an open question to be individually determined. C) faith and good works were required for salvation. D) there was no longer any validity for indulgences. E) the Bible should be made available in the vernacular. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The Crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries A) began as an attempt to defeat the Greek Orthodox church. B) were intended to capture Jerusalem and place it under Christian authority. C) was centered on the intended defeat of Muslims in Spain. D) were designed to improve relations between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperor. E) were successful and built a relationship between the Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Edict of Nantes A) destroyed Calvinism in France. B) legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France. C) outlawed Calvinism in France. D) permitted Henry IV to continue the French Wars of Religion. E) declared Lutheranism and Anglicanism to be heresies. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The Edict of Nantes A) destroyed Calvinism in France. B) legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France. C) outlawed Calvinism in France. D) permitted Henry IV to continue the French Wars of Religion. E) declared Lutheranism and Anglicanism to be heresies. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the A) invasion of Silesia. B) near bankruptcy of the French Treasury. C) grievances of the French peasantry. D) discontent in the French colonies. E) Louis XVI's demand for more power. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The European power that emerged triumphant in the Indonesian archipelago, and took over virtually the entire region by the end of the eighteenth century, was A) Spain. B) France. C) the Netherlands. D) Britain. E) Portugal. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The French defeated the British at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, thus consolidating French economic power in southern India. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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The French defeated the British at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, thus consolidating French economic power in southern India. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The Great Schism A) resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin. B) saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope. C) was the result of the investiture controversy between Gregory VII and Henry IV. D) led to the Hundred Years' War between England and France. E) led to the sacking of Constantinople be crusaders from the West. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Hagia Sophia was built by the Byzantine emperor Constantine when he moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Janissaries were an elite and respected military corps of slaves, converts from Christianity to Islam, who could achieve high government offices under the Ottomans. A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The Jesuits were most successful at A) converting the Chinese to Christianity. B) introducing European style foods into China. C) stopping the spread of Islam into China. D) negotiating an expansive trade settlement between the Ming and European powers. E) introducing Western scientific ideas into China. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The Ming Dynasty A) under Yongle, had Chinese ships bring back Christian missionaries to China. B) sent a fleet far into the Indian Ocean. C) sent a huge army into Japan, which captured and held the city of Edo for one year until a debt owed to the Chinese government was paid. D) saw their fleets reach the Mediterranean Sea. E) dismantled the Great Wall as it was no longer needed for the defense of China. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Ming Emperor Yongle moved the capital of China to A) Nanjing. B) Canton. C) Chang-an. D) Beijing. E) Hangzhou. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The Ming built the Forbidden City within Beijing, but they were not the first Chinese dynasty to use Beijing as the capital of China. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The Ottoman Turks renamed Constantinople A) Kuycik. B) Istanbul. C) Anatolia. D) Adrianople. E) Ankara. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all of nomadic origin. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The Principality of Kiev was founded by A) Central Asian Mongols. B) Scandinavian Vikings. C) Byzantines from Constantinople. D) the Germanic Holy Roman Emperors. E) Hungarian Magyars. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Ptolemaic view of the universe believed all of the following to be true except A) the planets were believed to be imperfect and material. B) the imperfect, motionless earth was in a state of constant change at the center of the universe. C) heavenly bodies, composed of a crystalline substance, resided in concentric spheres that moved in circular orbits around the earth. D) God and all the saved souls resided in the Empyrean Heaven that lay beyond the outermost, or tenth, sphere. E) God and the saved souls were at one end of the universe and humans at the center. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The Renaissance began in A) Byzantium. B) France. C) Italy. D) Spain. E) Flanders. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The Slavs A) divided into seven specific groups during the Middle Ages. B) became Roman Catholic, with the exception of the Russians, Turks and Magyars. C) were divided into two religious groups, with most southern and eastern Slavs becoming Orthodox and most northern and western Slavs becoming Roman Catholic. D) converted to Islam after the First Crusade. E) briefly occupied northern Italy. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The Treaty of Nerchinsk A) created an anti-Chinese alliance between Japan and Russia. B) settled the location of the Sino-Russian boundary. C) established formal diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan. D) was not consummated due to the Russian refusal to perform the kowtow. E) gave the Russians the control of Beijing. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The Treaty of Tordesillas A) divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between the English and the French. B) divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal. C) gave the English the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. D) gave the French the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. E) ended the Hundred Years War. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The artistic movement that dominated the Western artistic world during the seventeenth century was known as Neo-classical, inspired by the legacy of Greece and Rome. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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The chief institution of Spanish colonial administration in the western hemisphere was the A) New Spain Board of Trade. B) Casa de Contratactión. C) Council of the Indies. D) Casa de Los Indies. E) Chamber of Commerce. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The conquistadors of Spain were financed and outfitted by the Spanish crown. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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The epidemics of the Black Death, which began in 1347, led to A) an increase in wages for workers. B) continuous peace between European nations. C) the movements of large populations into the cities of Europe. D) a lack of interest in the Christian faith. E) an increase in anti-Semitism. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The first European country to explore, and ultimately exploit, the Gold Coast of Africa was A) England. B) the Republic of Genoa C) Holland. D) Spain. E) Portugal. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): E

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The first European nation to gain control of Southeast Asia's spice trade was the Netherlands. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The first European sea-faring nation desiring to trade with China and who arrived in 1514 was A) Britain. B) the Netherlands C) Spain. D) Portugal. E) France. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The first Jesuit missionary to arrive in Japan was A) Matthew Ricci. B) Ignatius Loyola. C) Francis Xavier. D) Peter Beckett. E) Francis of Assisi. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The first Mughal emperor, Babur, was descended from both Tamerlane and Genghis Khan. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The first Russian ruler who took the title of tsar, who expanded the territories of Russia to the east, and who crushed the power of the nobility was A) Peter the Great. B) Michael Romanov. C) Alexander II. D) Ivan IV. E) Vlad the Impaler. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The first major ruler of the Qing Dynasty was A) Kangxi. B) Hongwu. C) Qianling. D) Yongle. E) Asoka. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the A) creation of the Articles of Confederation. B) confrontation at Yorktown. C) confrontation over the Stamp Act. D) signing of the Declaration of Independence. E) creation of the United States Constitution. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The greatest danger to Louis XIV's rule came from rebellious peasants. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The issue that drove Luther to writing his Ninety-Five Theses was the selling of indulgences. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): True

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The issue that drove Luther to writing his Ninety-Five Theses was the selling of indulgences. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The major advocate of predestination was Martin Luther. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The modern-day name for the capital city of the Tokugawa shogunate is A) Edo. B) Tokyo. C) Osaka. D) Nagasaki. E) Sapporo. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): B

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The modern-day name for the capital city of the Tokugawa shogunate is A) Edo. B) Tokyo. C) Osaka. D) Nagasaki. E) Sapporo. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The most influential Christian humanist, who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism, was A) John of Ockham. B) Martin Luther. C) John Calvin. D) Desiderius Erasmus. E) Ulrich Zwingli. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The most powerful and lengthiest of all Japanese shogunates was begun by A) Iza Shotoku. B) Oda Nobunaga. C) Toyotomi Hideyoshi. D) Tokugawa Ieyasu. E) Heidekei Hokkaido. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The new United States Constitution of 1787 A) employed Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers. B) was rejected by most Americans until it was finally passed on a third referendum. C) was created by delegates who, like the nation's population, were mainly small farmers. D) was soon abolished and replaced by the Articles of Confederation. E) abolished slavery. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The official primary motives of European expansion were "God, glory, and gold." A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): True

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The only military genius of the English Civil War was A) Thomas Cromwell. B) Oliver Cromwell. C) Charles I. D) William of Orange. E) Charles II. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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The painter who was famous for his madonnas was A) Leonardo da Vinci. B) Michelangelo. C) Masaccio. D) Raphael. E) Alberti. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The piece of land that provided the feudal vassal's economic support was the A) fief. B) tallage. C) homage. D) vassalage. E) right. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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The pope who began the reformation of the papacy was A) Paul III. B) Leo X. C) Clement VII. D) John XXIII. E) Julius II. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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The primary fighting force of Qing China was the A) Persian and Uzbek janissary corps. B) dyarchy. C) green standard. D) bannermen. E) queues. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The purpose of the Qing system known as "dyarchy" was A) to maintain the Chinese exclusion from Manchu rule in China. B) to assure the isolation of the Chinese from the Manchus in China. C) a mechanism for the sharing of administrative positions by Manchus and Chinese. D) to assure the Manchu administrative dictatorship of China. E) to keep northern and southern China balanced politically. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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The role of women in traditional China A) was less limited by custom than in contemporary Southeast Asia. B) was a subservient one, as a woman could even be divorced for not bearing sons. C) sometimes resulted in the killing of girls if their family lacked food. D) both b and c E) a, b and c Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The samurai reached the apex of the military prowess and influence during the Tokugawa shogunate. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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The samurai reached the apex of the military prowess and influence during the Tokugawa shogunate. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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The third estates included A) priests and monks. B) kings and emperors. C) knights and squires. D) peasants, merchants, and artisans. E) b and c Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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The traditional example of seventeenth century absolutism has been the rule of A) Louis XVI. B) James III. C) Louis XIV. D) Charles II. E) Ivan IV. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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The wergeld was A) the man price. B) a chieftain. C) a Germanic deity. D) siege machinery. E) a Germanic legal code. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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There had been no slavery in Africa before the arrival of the Europeans. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): False

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Toussaint L'Ouverture led a royalist rebellion against the radicalism of French Revolution in the French colony of Saint Domingue. A) True B) False Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): False

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Two great military victories in India, in which the winner defeated a force ten times larger than its own, were, respectively, A) Babur's victory at Delhi and the British victory at Plassey. B) Buxar's victory at Colombo and the French victory at Pondicherry. C) Wilson's victory at Mumbai and Babur's victory at Kandahar. D) Mojoks' victory at Madras and Clive's victory at Kabul. E) Maharashtra's victory at Walando and Dupleix's victory at Kabul. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Under emperor Akbar, the Mughals of India A) forcibly converted the population to Islam. B) discouraged foreign trade. C) promoted tolerance between Muslims and Hindus. D) established a long-lived dynasty that would rule India until the twentieth century. E) emancipated women from traditional Hindu restrictions. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Under the encomienda system, New World natives were A) forced to accept Islam. B) permitted to retain control over their local lands. C) subjected to exploitation and harsh treatment by the Dutch. D) supposed to be protected by the Spanish. E) taken to Spain to be used as laborers. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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What was purpose did the flying buttresses of Gothic cathedrals serve? A) They were purely decorative. B) They were symbolic representations of God. C) They were used to spread out the weight of the walls. D) The purpose of the buttresses is unknown today. E) The flying buttresses were used to support the large stained glass windows in the cathedrals. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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What was the role of Joan of Arc in the Hundred Years' War? A) Joan fought on the side of the French and rallied the troops to the cause of Charles VII of France. B) The French believed she used witchcraft to lead them to victory. C) She inspired the English to fight harder. D) Joan led the French to victory in several important battles. E) She was promised to the Dauphin, Charles VII, as a future bride. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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When the nobility of France refused to approve new taxes to service the national debt, King Louis XVI was forced to call the A) Estates General. B) Continental Congress. C) Congress of Vienna. D) National Assembly. E) Constitutional Convention. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): A

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Which of the following accurately describes European colonial development in the New World? A) The Dutch took New York from the English and changed its name to New Netherlands, and later the English lost some of their Canadian holdings to the French. B) The English took New Netherlands from the French and changed its name to New York, and later the Dutch lost some of their Canadian holdings to the French. C) The English took New Netherlands from the Dutch and changed its name to New York, and later the French lost most of their Canadian holdings to the English. D) The French took New York from the Dutch and changed its name to New France, and later the Dutch lost some of their Canadian holdings to the English. E) The Bishop of Rome took Brazil from Portugal and returned it to Spain. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): C

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Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed? A) Pizarro and the Aztecs; de Soto and the Incas. B) Magellan and the Incas; Albuquerque and the Iroquois. C) Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Incas. D) de Soto and the Aztecs; Cortés and the Incas. E) de Soto and the Incas; Cortés and the Aztecs. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Which of the following is accurate regarding of the effects of Qianlong's trade policy with England? A) It showed Lord Macartney that he could not continue to attack the Emperor. B) It set the stage for a future of harmonious trade relations between the two powers. C) It showed the compromising nature of the Chinese attitude. D) It set the stage for a future of Chinese degradation and decline. E) The emperor encouraged the British to import opium from India to China. Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Which of the following is accurate regarding of the effects of Qianlong's trade policy with England? A) It showed Lord Macartney that he could not continue to attack the Emperor. B) It set the stage for a future of harmonious trade relations between the two powers. C) It showed the compromising nature of the Chinese attitude. D) It set the stage for a future of Chinese degradation and decline. E) The emperor encouraged the British to import opium from India to China. Points Earned: 0.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable? A) Some of us are born bad. B) A positive environment will create positive results. C) Everything that we are is in our genes. D) Faith, not reason, determines what we know. E) Original sin places limits on individual aspirations. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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Which of the following was an example of successful English colonization produced by a combination of religious and economic motives? A) Massachusetts Bay. B) New York. C) Virginia. D) Chesapeake Bay Colony. E) Cuyahoga. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): A

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Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe? A) Research and learning increased. B) Standard textbooks were developed. C) More people began to read. D) Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper. E) It played a major role in the Protestant Reformation. Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Answer(s): D

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Which of the following was not characteristic of Gothic architecture? A) stained glass windows B) ribbed vaults and pointed arches C) flying buttresses D) thick walls E) a play of lightness Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): D

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Which of the following was not true about medieval Christianity? A) The influence of feudalism increased the secular behavior of many religious leaders. B) The Investiture Struggle was fought over the temporal role into the appointment of church officials. C) Papal authority had diminished by the thirteenth century. D) Innocent III provided proof of papal supremacy with his actions in a number of matters regarding the European monarchs. E) The new friars of the 1200s directly influenced the lives of ordinary people. Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): C

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Who did Pope Leo III crown emperor in 800 at a Christmas mass in Rome? A) Clovis B) Charlemagne C) Peppin the Short D) Charles Martel E) Einhard Points Earned: 5.0/5.0 Answer(s): B

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