Womens Health Final
What is the most common symptom of menopause?
hot flashes
__________ is a sexually transmitted virus that can lead to cervical cancer.
human papillomavirus
Which of the following statements concerning HPV is not true?
left untreated, most women with HPV will develop cervical cancer.
In what year did the FDA approve the birth control pill?
1960
How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
46 (23 from the mother, 23 from the father)
Hepatitis __________ is the only type of hepatitis transmitted primarily through sexual contact.
B
What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?
False labor or contractions that occur during pregnancy
During which of the following wars did the type and number of jobs available to women increase dramatically?
WWII
Which of the following women would be most likely to benefit from hormone therapy?
a 41-year-old, otherwise healthy woman who is experiencing early menopause due to cancer treatment
Which of the following statements is true?
all of these are correct (Osteoporosis is less common among African-American women than it is among White and Asian women, African-Americans are about as likely as White Americans to have arthritis, but are more likely to have debilitating symptoms, Diabetes is more prevalent among non-White populations, such as American Indians, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian-Americans)
Which of the following has contributed to increases in discussion and research about menopause over the past 100 years?
all of these are correct (an increase in the life span of the average woman, more open discussions about life span issues and sexuality, less sexism in the medical community)
Treatment for a heart attack can include:
all of these are correct (cholesterol-lowering medications, surgical procedures, behavior modification)
Which of the following is a major risk factor for heart disease?
all of these are correct (diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking)
Which of the following forms of contraception requires a visit to a healthcare provider for a physical exam, fitting, or prescription?
all of these are correct (diaphragm, IUD, cervical cap)
Which of the following risk factors predisposes a person to metabolic syndrome?
all of these are correct (elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure)
Misconceptions, stigma, and discrimination in health care toward people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender can result in:
all of these are correct (missed disease, insensitive care from healthcare providers, unfair treatment)
Which of the following is a possible side effect of taking birth control pills?
all of these are correct (more-regular menstrual periods, a reduced sex drive, clearing of acne)
Which of the following limits the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine?
all of these are correct (parents are often hesitant to vaccinate their children before they become sexually active, the vaccines are expensive so the cost of widespread vaccination is high, the vaccines do not protect against all strains of HPV)
Causes of atherosclerosis include:
all of these are correct (plaques, stiffening of the arteries, twisted arteries)
Which of the following is a sign of a stroke?
all of these are correct (sudden weakness, trouble speaking or understanding speech, trouble seeing in one or both eyes)
STIs that can be spread from mother to child at birth or during pregnancy include which of the following?
all of these are correct (syphilis, HIV, hepatitis B)
Which of the following statements regarding comprehensive sex education programs has been found to be true?
all of these are correct (teaching about contraception is not associated with increased risk of adolescent sexual activity, adolescents who received comprehensive sex education had a lower risk of pregnancy than those who received abstinence-only education or no sex education, many parents support comprehensive sex education programs in public schools)
Used properly, latex condoms are __________ against HIV infection.
almost always effective
Health promotion is:
any planned education, political, social, or other campaign to help a person or population improve or maintain health
By the end of the second stage of labor, the:
baby is born
Contraindications for the birth control pill include which of the following?
being a smoker older than age 35 years
Which of the following actions is an example of secondary prevention?
being screened for HIV/AIDS
Vitamin A deficiency in infants can be most easily and safely prevented by encouraging:
breastfeeding
Which of the following actions is an example of primary prevention?
eating a nutritious diet
(Select all that apply) Metabolic syndrome includes which of the following risk factors?
elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol
True or False? Depression is a chronic disease that occurs almost exclusively during or after menopause.
false
True or False? E-cigarettes are safe to smoke.
false
True or False? In the United States, most healthcare providers are reluctant to perform hysterectomies unless absolutely necessary.
false
True or False? Most Americans are able to easily find convenient, high-quality day care.
false
True or False? On average, a woman can expect to live 10 to 15 years after menopause.
false
True or False? Rates of depression fall sharply for women older than the age of 65 years.
false
True or False? The "sticky floor" refers to practices that keep highly qualified women from reaching well-paying, leadership positions.
false
True or False? The most effective way to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases in populations is to ignore gender
false
True or False? The percentage of women who use a method of contraception during their first sexual intercourse experience has decreased since 1985.
false
True or false? Food guides based on the Mediterranean diet tend to be especially harmful for health.
false
True or false? From its beginnings, the American feminist movement has been inclusive with respect to race, class, and sexual identity.
false
If a couple has repeated difficulties conceiving a child, what is most likely to be the cause?
fertility problems that are equally likely to be present in either partner
(Select all that apply) Which of the following practices are evidence-based birth practices promoted by the World Health Organization?
freedom of movement for the laboring woman, continuous labor support, encouraging spontaneous pushing in non-supine positions
Which of the following statements is true?
having one STI increases a person's risk for acquiring another one
Here is data for the hypothetical disease D, which lasts 3 days: Day 1: 1st case Day 2: 2 new cases Day 3: 4 new cases Mark all that are true:
on day 3, the incidence is 4 on day 2, the prevalence is 3
A contraceptive with a failure rate of 1% means which of the following?
one out of every 100 women using this method will become pregnant every year.
Fall-related injuries are of special concern to elderly women suffering from:
osteoporosis
Which of the following statements is true?
osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fractures in postmenopausal women.
(Select all that apply) Women who have undergone natural menopause are at an increased risk for which of the following conditions?
osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, urinary incontinence
Which of the following statements regarding the benefits of physical activity is not true?
physical activity increases the rate of bone loss
Sexual health includes which of the following facets of human interactions?
physical, psychological, social and cultural
Which of the following actions is an example of primary prevention?
quitting smoking to prevent lung disease
Gina has been diagnosed with uterine cancer. Her surgeon will perform which of the following to remove only Gina's cervix and uterus?
total hysterectomy
Which of the following actions is an example of tertiary prevention?
treating a terminally ill patient with painkillers
True or False? Another term for cerebrovascular disease is stroke.
true
True or False? Arthritis cannot be diagnosed with a single medical test.
true
True or False? Bacteria cause Lyme disease, and deer ticks usually transmit these bacteria.
true
True or False? Blood is the vehicle for transporting nutrients and waste throughout the body.
true
True or False? Cardiovascular disease comprises a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. This includes stroke.
true
True or False? Factors such as the hormonal variations caused by the menstrual cycle and the possible effects of a trial on a developing fetus can pose statistical and ethical challenges for clinical investigators.
true
True or False? Family planning has allowed women to advance in society, while also resulting in healthier infants, women, and children.
true
True or False? Genetics, social, political, and economic factors all influence racial differences in how chronic diseases affect women.
true
True or False? Many women with fibromyalgia have difficulty getting their healthcare providers to acknowledge the condition.
true
True or False? Spermicide works by preventing sperm from fertilizing the ovum.
true
True or False? Stress can result in the failure to menstruate.
true
True or False? The Bartholin's glands, located on each side of the vaginal opening, secrete a liquid that lubricates the vaginal tissues.
true
True or False? Transgender women who are taking estrogen typically do not experience symptoms of menopause.
true
True or False? Weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises help to maintain bone density and to prevent osteoporosis.
true
True or False? Women are more likely than men to develop carpal tunnel syndrome or repetitive motion injuries.
true
True or False? Women who work in the healthcare setting may face hazards such as anaphylactic shock and needlestick injuries.
true
True or false? Aerobic training improves the heart's ability to pump blood and deliver oxygen to muscles efficiently.
true
True or false? Both the duration and the intensity of a physical activity affect its aerobic benefit.
true
True or false? From a population perspective, ectoparasitic infections like crabs and scabies are considered less important than viral or bacterial STIs.
true
True or false? Gonorrhea and chlamydia are the two most common causes of PID.
true
True or false? HIV is a fragile virus that does not survive after prolonged exposure to the outside air.
true
True or false? Herpes is most likely to be spread when symptoms are present.
true
True or false? Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are often referred to as the "bad cholesterol."
true
True or false? Many STIs can be spread through oral sex.
true
True or false? Pap screenings catch most cases of cervical dysplasia, but they require regular screenings and often produce false-positive results.
true
True or false? STIs have been a part of recorded history for thousands of years.
true
True or false? Syphilis rates dropped dramatically in the latter half of the 20th century, but have risen in many populations in the 21st century.
true
Cervical cancer is:
very common among women, but rarely deadly
Which of the following drinks is generally the healthiest option for women?
water
Feminism is the idea that:
women should have the same rights, opportunities, and privileges as men
Stephanie has a vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese. Her vulva also itches and is red and swollen. Based on these signs and symptoms, she is most likely has a __________ infection.
yeast
Which of the following statements is true?
STIs are a major cause of infertility in women
What is menopause?
The natural or artificially induced end of a woman's menstrual cycle
Vaccines are currently available for which STIs?
HPV and Hepatitis B
Which of the following birth control methods typically have a low failure rate during "typical use"?
IUD and tubal sterilization
(Select all that apply) Social scientists have attempted to understand what is meant by the popular lay term 'natural childbirth'. Which of the following items have been included as a social practice integral to natural childbirth?
activity during birth, preparation before birth, social support
Cardiovascular endurance can be increased most effectively through which of the following?
aerobic exercise
Which of the following statements are true?
all of the above (exercise does not always increase ones appetite, the amount of sweat that is lost during exercise does not indicate how much energy is being expended for the activity, menstruation typically does not harm a woman's physical performance)
(Select all that apply) Non-drug options for pain relief during labor include which of the following?
comfort measures, meditation, breathing exercises
Women who breastfeed should:
consume a healthy diet and increase their consumption of calcium
(Select all that apply) Which of the following statements concerning osteoporosis are true?
data show that tobacco use is a significant risk factor for bone loss, osteoporosis is often called a 'silent disease' because neither pain nor specific symptoms are associated with this condition, the spine, hips, and wrists are especially vulnerable to osteoporosis's effects
What is the main characteristic of osteoporosis?
decrease in bone mass
For most women, the use of hormone therapy should:
depend on a woman's symptoms, medical history, and personal preferences.
Which of the following chronic diseases appears roughly equally in both sexes?
diabetes
The placenta:
serves as a conduit for the return of waste products back to the mother for disposal.
Which of the following statements concerning swimming is true?
swimming is less damaging to joints compared to most other forms of aerobic exercise
(Select all that apply) Which of the following are considered to be fertility awareness methods?
the calendar method, the basal body temperature method, the cervical mucus method
Which types of birth control prevent sperm from fertilizing an ovum after they have entered the reproductive tract?
the diaphragm and spermicides
Which of the following statements is true?
the only real cure for preeclampsia is delivery
The current HPV vaccine prevents infection from which of the following?
the seven most common strains that cause cervical cancer and other cancers and two strains that cause genital warts
What are the largest behavior-related causes of death in the United States?
tobacco use, poor diet, and inactivity
