Workbook Multiple-choice- CH:38,39,40,41,42 (review for final)
What film size is recommended for a pediatric patient with all primary dentition?
#0
What size film is used for posterior periapical radiographs?
#2
What film size is used in the occlusal techniques for an adult?
#4
What size film is used for occlusal radiographs?
#4
What vertical angulation should be used for bitewing images?
+10 degrees
What is the minimum distance between a safelight and the working area?
4 feet
The maximum permissible dose of radiation for occupationally exposed persons is ?
5.0 rems/year
What is the optimum temperature for the water in the manual processing tanks?
68 degrees F
During the production of x-rays, how much energy is lost as heat?
99%
What states that "all exposure to radiation should be kept to a minimum" or "as low as reasonably achievable"?
ALARA concept
Which patients should wear a lead apron and thyroid collar?
All Patients
How should x-ray film be stored?
Away from light
What type of film holder can be used in the bisecting angle technique?
BAI, EeZee Grip, Stabe
Describe a basic type of image receptor.
Bite-block with a backing plate and a slot for film-sensor retention
What type of additional images are no longer necessary to supplement a panoramic radiograph when the new full-featured digital panoramic units are used?
Bitewing
What is the primary type of radiation produced in the dental x-ray tubehead?
Bremsstrahlung radiation
Who was the first person to make practical use of radiographs in dentistry?
C. Edmund Kells
When you are exposing films for a pediatric patient, what analogy can you use to describe the tubehead?
Camera
What type of device is included on a panoramic unit?
Cephalostat
What are the components of a panoramic unit? name three
Chin rest, Notched bite-block, and forehead rest
What type of imaging is best for soft tissues of the temporomandibular joint?
Computed tomographic scan
What federal act requires persons who take radiographs to be trained and certified?
Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act
What type of technology is used in panoramic units?
Conventional film-based technology and Digital technology
How often should processing solution be replenished?
Daily
How often should processing solutions be replenished?
Daily
Under state laws, who is allowed to prescribe dental images?
Dentist
Which staff members need to be aware of the quality administration program?
Dentist, Dental Assistant, and Dental Hygienist
When should you check a box of film for freshness?
Each time you open new box
Which of the following can occur when the vertical angulation is incorrect?
Elongation, Foreshortening
What changes must be made in the exposure factors when dental images from a pediatric patient are exposed?
Exposure factors must be reduces
When radiographs are mounted, where is the dot facing?
Facing up
Which of the following is a critical area in a quality control program?
Film Processing
Name a component of an intraoral film.
Film emulsion
How can you tell when the fixer is losing its strength?
Films take longer clear
Describe the types of extraoral film cassettes.
Flexible and Rigid
What is the minimum personal protective equipment the operator wear while exposing radiographs?
Gloves
What converts x-ray energy into visible light?
Intensifying screen
? is the process by which electrons are removed from electrically stable atoms.
Ionization
When is the purpose of a quality administration program?
It deals with management of the quality assurance program.
How does a film holder protect the patient from unnecessary radiation?
It keeps the patient's hands and fingers from being exposed to x-radiation.
What is the major advantage of automatic film processing?
It saves time.
On new full-featured digital panoramic units, which of the following can now be detected on a panoramic radiograph?
Location of impacted tooth, lesions in the mandible, and interproximal caries
Where would you begin making exposures for a patient with a severe gag reflex?
Mandibular anterior
When you are exposing images, in which area of the mouth should you begin?
Maxillary anterior
Which exposure should be the first for the posterior regions?
Maxillary premolar
What is located on the x-ray machine control panel?
Milliamperage (mA) selector
Are manual processing solution and automatic processing solutions interchangeable?
No
Should you use a film cassette that has scratches?
No
Where is the expiration date on a package of x-ray film?
Outside the box
What error occurs when the horizontal angulation is incorrect?
Overlapping
Which exposure technique do the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Association of Dental Schools recommend?
Parallel
What technique is used for exposing dental images?
Parallel, Bisection of Angle
Indirect digital imaging involves the use of:
Phosphor storage plate (PSP)
What are the types of radiation?
Primary, Secondary, and Scatter
A way to ensure that high-quality diagnostic radiographs are produced is by having what?
Quality assurance
What is the second step involved in manually processing dental radiographs?
Rinsing
What low-intensity light is composed of long wavelengths in the red-orange spectrum?
Safelight
why is an exposure sequence important?
So areas of the mouth are not missed or retaken
What precautions should NOT be taken when one is handling contaminated phosphor storage plates (PSPs)?
Soaking the plates in a liquid sterilant
What are quality control tests?
Specific tests that are used to monitor dental x-ray equipment, supplies, and film processing
What surfaces must be covered with a barrier?
Surfaces that are not easily cleaned and disinfected
Who legally owns a patient's dental images?
The dentist
Why is it not recommended to have the patient hold the image receptor during exposure?
The patient receives unnecessary radiation
? is a system that is used to measure radiation.
The traditional or standard system, Systeme Internationale
What is the purpose of bitewing images?
To view the interproximal surfaces
For partially edentulous patients, how can you modify the technique for using a bite-block?
Use a cotton roll
Who discovered x-rays?
W.C. Roentgen
What type of agreement is most desirable before radiographs of a patient are taken?
Written Consent
How do you sterilize sensors?
You cannot sterilize sensors.
A focal trough is ?
an imaginary horseshoe-shape area used for jaw placement
The name of the positive electrode inside the x-ray tube is the ?
anode
The name of the negative electrode inside the x-ray tube is the ?
cathode
In the bisecting angle technique, how is the image receptor placed in relation to the teeth?
close to the tooth
What can cause a "ghost image" on a panoramic image?
eyeglasses, earrings, or necklaces
Why is it important for the dental assistant to recognize normal anatomic landmarks?
for mounting of x-ray films
Radiation that is passed on to future generations is the ?
genetic effect
The name of the process for the harmful effects of x-rays is ?
ionization
What exposure factor controls contrast?
kVp
The image on the film before it is processed is the?
latent image
The period of time between x-ray exposure and the appearance of symptoms is the ?
latent period
What is a good diagnostic quality image for endodontics?
one that allows you to see 5mm beyond the apex
Density is the ?
overall darkness of a processed radiograph
Which side of the film faces toward the tube?
plane side (smooth side)
A structure that appears dark on a processed radiograph is termed?
radiolucent
A structure that appears light on a processed radiograph is termed?
radiopaque
the purpose of a grid is to ?
reduce the amount of scatter radiation
The purpose of the collimator is to ?
reduce the exposure of the primary beam, restrict the size of the primary beam
The purpose of the aluminum filter is to ?
remove the low-energy, long-wavelength rays
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of extraoral radiographs?
they show a close-up of something
Why is it important to avoid retakes?
to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure
What is the purpose of Equipment monitoring?
to check radiation leakage
Why are a reference radiograph and a stepwedge used?
to check the densities and contrast
What is the purpose of the coin test?
to check the safelight
What is the purpose of using a position indicator device (PID)?
to direct the x-ray beam
What is the purpose of personnel monitoring?
to record the amount of radiation the operator receives
When would you need to duplicate a radiograph?
to send to an insurance company, to refer a patient to a specialist
When are occlusal radiographs indicated?
to show a wide view of the arch
The primary components of a dental x-ray machine are the?
tubehead, PID, extension arm
