World civ exam- unit 6

What role did African people play in governing Europe's African colonies in the post-World War I period?

Africans had little voice in colonial governance and made their opinions known through protest.

What combination of factors turned the tide and led to the Allied victory?

American industrial productivity and the Soviet Union's ability to absorb and ultimately repel the German invasion

For which of the following reasons did President Harry Truman authorize use of the atomic bomb in 1945?

An Allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives, since the Japanese had vowed to aggressively defend the main islands.

How did the Arab-Israeli War of 1947-1948 help shatter the legitimacy of Arab ruling elites?

Arab states were poorly prepared to take on the Israeli Defense Force and eventually lost territory granted to them by the United Nations' partition.

Which of the following was implied by the economic theories promoted by John Maynard Keynes?

At times states need to compensate for failures in the market by stimulating the economy with job creation and increasing the supply of currency.

What fascist leader and 40,000 of his black-shirted supporters took control of Italy, then eliminated all competing political parties and ordered his political opponents murdered?

Benito Mussolini

Which of the following led to the internal migration of 12 million South Asians in 1947?

Both Hindus and Muslims left their homes to relocate to the new countries, India or Pakistan, after more than a million people were killed in religious conflicts.

Which of the following accurately compares the Germans and Japanese during the 1930s and 1940s?

Both developed theories of racial superiority.

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s?

Both had established fascist forms of government

Why did Egypt emerge as a potent symbol of pan-Arab nationalism in 1956?

Egypt's military under Nasser was able to reclaim the Suez Canal from the British, French, and Israelis.

In 1947, outgoing colonial rulers of India split the subcontinent into two states based on the distribution of raw materials and infrastructure.

False

NATO and the Warsaw Pact were both designed to help contain the spread of communism.

False

Which of the following is a reason why historians have described World War II as a total global conflict?

Fighting in World War II took place on three continents and included soldiers from all continents except Antarctica.

Who became Japan's Minister of War and then ultimately Prime Minister that took Japan down a militaristic path?

Hideki Tojo

Following World War I, Indian nationalists embraced which of the following methods of combating colonial control?

Indians boycotted British goods, refused to pay taxes, and refused to send their children to British schools.

Under what circumstances did the Cold War become a "hot" war?

It became a hot war when the United States and the Soviet Union armed their Third World allies and encouraged proxy wars.

Which of the following statements best describes Japan's government in the early 1900s?

It fell under the control of military expansionists who believed theirs was a "master race" justified in dominating Asia.

Which of the following describes the first response (Hoover) of the U.S. government to the Great Depression?

It insisted on individual thrift and self-reliance, not government handouts.

What purpose did the Warsaw Pact serve?

It institutionalized a Soviet response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

In what way was Operation Overlord (D-Day) a turning point in the war?

It opened a western front in the war around the same time the Soviets advanced on Germany from the east.

Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal?

It preserved the American system of capitalism.

What is one way the Chinese civil war proved significant for the Cold War?

It resulted in the victory of Communists over Chinese Nationalists.

Why was the attack on Pearl Harbor significant?

It was a surprise attack that immediately caused the United States to enter the war and brought the isolationist movement to an abrupt end.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the German blitzkrieg?

It was centered on speed and stunned defenders who faced coordinated air and land forces in western Europe.

Which of the following statements about the Battle of Okinawa is true?

It was the largest amphibious operation of the war in the Pacific and the staging area for a planned invasion of Japan.

What was the goal of the Marshall Plan?

Its goal was to limit the appeal of communism in Europe by providing grants for reconstruction to democratic governments.

How did the Korean War transform Japan's relationship with the winners of World War II?

Japan became an important ally of the United States in the fight against communism.

Which African leader invoked precolonial traditions as a basis for resisting British colonialism in Kenya?

Jomo Kenyatta

Which of the following accurately describes Korea at the end of the Second World War?

Korea became divided into North and South Korea.

Which of the following people provided the model for protest that Martin Luther King Jr. adopted in his pursuit of civil rights?

Mohandas Gandhi

Under what circumstances did Benito Mussolini initially gain control of the Italian government?

Mussolini was appointed prime minister by the Italian king.

Which of the following is accurate for both Hitler and Mussolini?

Neither won an electoral majority before being appointed to power.

Which of the following was one of the principal causes of World War II?

Resentment lingered over the punitive treaties imposed after World War I.

Why did Gandhi choose salt as the testing ground for his principles of civil disobedience?

Salt, a government monopoly, symbolized Indians' subjugation to British rule.

The Spanish Civil War began when

Spanish Nationalists revolted against a fragile new democratic government.

Which of the following is a reason why communism lost its appeal in post-World War II Western Europe?

Strong economic growth led to increased standards of living and expanded access to services like education and health care.

Where did Chinese Nationalists flee to after the Chinese Civil War?

Taiwan

Which of the following saved Chinese communists from being overwhelmed by Nationalist forces in the Chinese Civil War?

The Japanese invasion diverted Nationalist troops from pursuing the communists into the Chinese interior.

Why was the German "Operation Barbarossa" significant in the course of World War II?

The Soviet Union suffered 5 million casualties but gradually began driving back the Germans.

Why was the Battle of Midway a key turning point in the Pacific War?

The U.S. Navy cracked the Japanese military radio code and defeated its attacking fleet, putting Japan on the defensive

In which way did the anticolonial liberation movement change global politics?

The United States and the U.S.S.R. competed for geopolitical power within ex-colonies.

How did fascist parties in Italy and Germany enhance their legitimacy?

The fascist parties claimed that they represented a glorious historical legacy.

What did the authoritarian political systems of Germany, Japan, and Italy have in common?

They all disliked the left-wing government that emerged in the Soviet Union.

Which of the following led European Jews to migrate to Palestine during the first half of the twentieth century?

They believed that returning to their place of origin would lead to self-determination.

Which of the following was a reason why Adolf Hitler and the Nazis were popular with the German electorate?

They claimed success in restoring national pride and improving the economy.

Which of the following issues led to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

They had diametrically opposed political and economic ideologies.

What action by Japanese militarists in the early 1930s demonstrated their aggressive expansion in search of natural resources and farmland?

They used a civil war in China to move troops into Manchuria.

For Gandhi, the most effective route to accomplishing Indian independence was for all Indians to embrace self-reliance and nonviolent resistance to colonial rule.

True

India and China both achieved political independence peacefully.

True

The introduction of the assembly line by American automobile manufacturer Henry Ford allowed his company to increase production sharply while dramatically reducing costs.

True

What were the main U.S. foreign policy concerns following the Second World War and why?

With the elimination of German Nazism, the United States and the Soviet Union no longer seemed to share a united goal; the power vacuums in Europe and Asia due to the defeat of the Germans and Japanese left the Americans and Soviets competing for global influence.

In June of 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea. How did the international community respond to the invasion?

Working with Truman, the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.

Which of the following is an element common to all the authoritarian systems of the mid-twentieth century?

a cult of the leader and a willingness to use violence

From late 1941 into early 1942, the Second World War in the Pacific included

a. a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall.

To what did Winston Churchill compare the boundary between Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe and Western Europe?

an iron curtain

How did Joseph Stalin plan to replace capitalist agriculture with socialist agriculture in the Soviet Union?

by forcing peasant farmers to join state-run agricultural collectives

What did American soldiers discover upon reaching the interior of Germany in 1945?

concentration camps where the Nazis systematically murdered millions of Jews

Which of the following were goals of Third World nations?

defeating imperialism and challenging global inequality

What prevented the republic established in China in 1911 from gaining legitimacy?

factional and regional conflicts; failure to incorporate peasants

General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz developed the __________ strategy to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific war.

island-hopping

In 1935, Hitler, in flagrant violation of the Versailles Treaty, began rebuilding Germany's

military

During the summer of 1941, the United States attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by

restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the United States.

In basic terms, what did the North Atlantic Treaty Organization declare?

that an attack to any of its members would be considered an attack to all

Which of the following first tested President Harry Truman's containment policy?

the Berlin blockade

Which of the following industries best represents the development of mass culture in the United States after World War I?

the advertising industry

What was Hitler's "Final Solution"?

the wholesale extermination of the Jews

Which of the following was one of the reasons for construction of the Berlin Wall?

to halt the flood of émigrés fleeing communism

In general, anticolonial nationalist movements wanted to

use their indigenous cultural and religious traditions as sources for mobilization.

By the end of the 1930s, how did most people perceive the liberal democratic model of governance?

weak and vulnerable