World Civ Unit 1 Test

The transition the Aryans made from pastoral to primarily agricultural pursuits was aided by the introduction of which of the following? a. Seafaring b. Iron c. Political decentralization d. New weapons of warfare

b

What was the central aspect of the Neolithic Revolution? a. The first development of hunter-gatherer cultures. b. The emergence of systematic food production through the domestication of plants and animals. c. The use of fire and the cooking of food. d. The successful invasion of northwestern Africa by Turkish nomads from central Asia. e. The development of writing.

b

What was the first metal used for making tools? a. iron b. copper c. bronze d. tin

b

Which of the following describes Legalism? a. It believed that the universe contains a moral core. b. It was developed during the "Hundred Schools" era. c. It developed a reformist version of Daoism. d. It was a direct outgrowth of Confucianism. e. It gained a significant following only during the Han Dynasty.

b

Which of the following is not a true statement? a. Ancient Chinese villages evolved over thousands of years to form the first unified state under the Qin. b. All evidence indicates that the first agricultural villages in China developed only along the Pearl River. c. Early Chinese literature was didactic and elitist. d. Nomadic attacks from the north were an ongoing factor in the development of China. e. Chinese topography caused its civilization to develop apart from advancements in other parts of Asia.

b

Which of the following is not true about the rock chambers? a. One of the most famous rock chambers is at Ajanta. b. Ashoka prohibited their use for religious ceremonies. c. They were carved out of the sides of mountains. d. Ashoka originally built them to house monks and wandering ascetics. e. Their structural format was similar to that of a Roman basilica.

b

Which of the following statements about the relationship between the Indus River and Aryan cultures is correct? a. An incoming culture destroyed a native culture and its heritage. b. Elements of both cultures provided creative impulses for ancient Indian civilization. c. Both assisted each other militarily to ward off a common threat from outside. d. Both lived in harmony together, after the establishment of a strong central government.

b

In what valleys did ancient Chinese civilization originate? a. Yangtze and Mekong rivers b. Yellow and Yangtze rivers c. Nanjing and Hunan rivers d. Lo Min and Hainan rivers e. Indus and LuMai rivers

b

Sparta was located in a. Boeotia. b. the Peloponnesus. c. the Strait of Corinth. d. Macedonia. e. the Attica Peninsula.

b

Stupas a. were believed to be the homes of Vishnu. b. ultimately became a place of devotion. c. were pillars, exactly fifty meters high and thirty meters deep. d. originally housed a relic of Ashoka. e. was the site where painting first developed in India.

b

The Hellenizing process a. was hindered by the establishment of Greek cities throughout the Middle East. b. created Greco-Macedonian domination of the population centers of the Middle East. c. encouraged the spread of democracy. d. provided the means for the spreading of Roman democracy to the Middle East cities. e. was of greatest importance in rural areas.

b

The Hindu pantheon today is estimated to include ____ deities. a. more than 500 b. more than 30,000 c. more than 1,000 d. a couple of dozen

b

The authority of Mauryan kings was a. established by Alexander the Great. b. curtailed by an institutionalized bureaucracy of powerful governors and ministers. c. unlimited by law or custom. d. limited by the practical aspects of administering a numerous independent city states. e. was diminished by the onset of the Black Death.

b

The earliest Aegean civilization was located a. on the island of Delos. b. on Crete. c. in Attica. d. in the Peloponnesus. e. in Macedonia.

b

The first culture to use iron weapons and tools was the ____ culture. a. Chinese b. Hittite c. Egyptian d. Roman e. Mesopotamian

b

The language of the Vedas was a. Gujarati. b. Sanskrit. c. Hindi. d. Prakrit. e. Farsi.

b

The plays of Euripides a. were less complex and less realistic than those of other Greek playwrights. b. reflected a skepticism that questioned traditional values. c. were uncontroversial. d. influenced those of Aeschylus. e. had a pro-war flavor.

b

The term that refers to the system of large, joint families in India is a. sati. b. jati. c. guru. d. boyar. e. varna.

b

After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the new kingdom that was founded by nomadic warriors in Bactria was the a. Kushan Kingdom. b. Xiongnu Empire. c. Shungas Republic. d. Macedonian Empire. e. Chan Empire.

a

Characteristic elements of daily Chinese life were a. simple and sparsely furnished houses. b. complex, mostly meat diets. c. highly decorated modes of dress. d. changing urban lifestyles. e. constant wars.

a

From primary records of Alexander's military campaigns we learn that Alexander a. respected and rewarded bravery among his enemies. b. was too important to be personally engaged in matters relating to individuals in battle. c. left judgment about the aftermath of battles to his generals. d. was essentially uninterested in day-to-day military matters. e. always dealt harshly with the leaders of enemy armies.

a

Mesopotamian civilization a. was made of cities and located in a river valley. b. was the only early civilization with no cities. c. was the birthplace of democracy. d. developed during the Paleolithic Era. e. was located between the Nile and the Niger rivers.

a

Much of ancient Indian architecture a. was inspired by the Mauryan rulers' desire to propagate Buddhist ideas in stone structures. b. only used symbolism in depicting Gautama Siddhartha Gautama. c. was much more primitive than that of Egypt. d. only depicted themes of a religious nature. e. depicted the actual image of the Buddha only after 200 B.C.E.

a

One of the Hellenistic kingdoms that succeeded Alexander was that of the a. Ptolemies in Egypt. b. Seleucids in Egypt. c. Attalid Kingdom of Pergamum in Persia and the East. d. Etruscans in Italy. e. Ptolemies in northeastern Asia Minor.

a

The Epic of Gilgamesh was a. an epic poem from Mesopotamia dealing with the search for immortality. b. the formal title of the Osiris myth. c. a creation myth developed by early Phoenician thinkers. d. a code of laws established by the Babylonian ruler, Gilgamesh. e. the first Egyptian literary masterpiece.

a

The Indian term that refers to the impact of one's actions in life on a later life after reincarnation is a. karma. b. dharma. c. khalid. d. sati. e. satya.

a

The caste system a. was applicable to every member of Indian society. b. was actually more flexible than the Egyptian social structure. c. originated in Macedonia. d. was a central element of Buddhist belief. e. was unsuccessfully opposed by Aryan warriors' wives.

a

The myth of Persian invincibility was broken at a. Marathon. b. Mycenae. c. Macedonia. d. Persepolis. e. Messenia.

a

The numerical system we know as 'Arabic numerals' was a. devised in ancient India. b. imported and used only by modern Indians. c. unknown in ancient India. d. imported and used by ancient Indians.

a

The third-ranked caste, usually viewed as the merchant caste, was the a. vaisya. b. pariah. c. brahmins. d. sudras. e. kshatriya.

a

What principle did the Code of Hammurabi emphasize? a.retribution b. political decentralization c. incarceration d. reciprocity

a

What were the three "twice-born" castes? a. vaisya, kshatriya and brahmins b. Sikh, Hamar and Maltese c. sudras, brahmins and kshatriya d. brahmins, bodhi and mahayana e. sudra, ashakan and pariah

a

Which of the following ancient language does not belong to the Indo-European language group? a. Chinese b. Latin c. Persian d. Greek e. Sanskrit

a

Which of the following correctly describes Harappan civilization? a. It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants. b. Its culture never attained the status of a true civilization. c. It was much more agricultural than its contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia. d. It never developed an urban center of over 3,000 people. e. It showed no similarity to the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.

a

Which of the following is a true statement? a. The Amorites, under the leadership of Hammurabi, replaced the Sumerians and Akkadians as rulers of Mesopotamia. b. Ur produced total Mesopotamian disintegration. c. Hammurabi eliminated all aspects of Sumerian culture in Mesopotamian life. d. Sumer was established by the Hyksos. e. The Akkadian Empire achieved no expansion, but endured for a thousand years.

a

Which of the following is not true about cuneiform? a. It used the Cyrillic alphabet. b. It was used for teaching. c. It was used for record keeping. d. It was developed by the Sumerians. e. It was used to record Mesopotamian literature.

a

Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of the Greek polis? a. It played a significant role in unifying all Greeks throughout the entire region under a single government. b. It could vary in size from a few square miles to hundreds of square miles. c. It was a communal environment of individuals, some who were citizens with rights, others who were citizens without rights, and others who were not citizens. d. It developed simultaneously with the creation of the new system of Greek military organization. e. It was composed of a central town or city, and the countryside surrounding it.

a

Which of these ancient civilizations survived, intact, until the twentieth century? a. Chinese b. Hittite c. Aztec d. Egyptian e. Aryan

a

Women in ancient Sparta a. engaged in systematic physical exercise. b. had the same lifestyles as Athenian women. c. were not in control of their daughters' education. d. were prohibited from leaving their houses. e. could be warriors under male leadership only.

a

A key difference between Hinduism and Buddhism was that Buddhism a. required belief in a different, two-tier caste system. b. was simpler, as it rejected the numerous Hindu gods. c. believed in an unyielding caste structure. d. claimed that each individual possessed an individual, reincarnatable soul. e. originated in Mongolia, Siddhartha's birthplace.

b

According to the Zhou concept of the Mandate of Heaven a. the king, as a god, was the arbiter of the use of power on earth. b. the king was expected to rule in a compassionate and effective manner because he was selected by the gods to rule in order to maintain the order of the universe. c. territorial chieftains chose kings from the members of the Grand Assemblage. d. the gods ruled that all must obey the king without question. e. the chief priest was the supreme ruler.

b

After the death of King Solomon, Jerusalem became the capital of the southern Kingdom of a. Sumeria. b. Judah. c. Arabia. d. Israel. e. Axum.

b

Ancient Chinese villages were organized on the basis of a. race. b. clans. c. phratries. d. religion. e. nuclear family units.

b

Ashoka a. sent Buddhist missionaries to China and Japan to instruct the people. b. changed his personal values and governmental policies after becoming a Buddhist. c. was the only Indian emperor who tried to foster trade. d. was a vaisya. e. was the founder of Jainism.

b

Greek religion was characterized by a. a highly personalized basis. b. polytheism, rituals, sacrifice, and festivals. c. a lack of practicality. d. a total lack of spiritual perspective. e. public apathy.

b

Hammurabi did all of the following except a. "divide and conquer" his enemies as he returned Mesopotamia to unified control. b. become Pharaoh of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. c. work to stimulate economic revival and enhance the irrigation system. d. establish his new capital at Babylon. e. establish a major code of law.

b

In the Book of Xunzi human nature is portrayed as fundamentally a. ephemeral. b. evil. c. good. d. ethereal. e. ambivalent.

b

In their effort to uncover the will of the gods, the ancient Greeks made use of a. soothsayers. b. oracles. c. spiritualists. d. shamans. e. prophets.

b

Daoism a. counseled hard work and determined purposefulness for its followers. b. has the Dao De Jing as its primary document. c. became the philosophy of government under the Qin Dynasty. d. was first established by Mencius. e.has the same view of the nature and meaning of life as Confucianism.

b.

All are correct about the "five relationships" except a. the son was subordinate to the father. b. the proper relationship between friend and friend. c. the husband to the wife. d. the younger brother to the elder brother. e. all were subject to the emperor.

c

All of the following are true about the jati system except a. a jati was obliged to provide for its poor and destitute members. b. it sometimes offered an opportunity for upward mobility. c. it was the category of social classification with subdivisions within each for different castes. d. it served to categorize large numbers of individual families. e. it could serve as a stabilizing factor in Indian life.

c

By about 700 B.C.E., which of the following replaced the aristocratic cavalryman in Greek warfare? a. helots b. mercenaries c. hoplites d. macedonians e. poleis

c

During the Old Stone Age, a. communication was maintained through the use of cuneiform. b. only Egypt had an advanced agricultural economy. c. hunting and gathering was the way most people supported themselves. d. humans lived only in the southernmost parts of Africa. e. both men and women hunted wild animals.

c

Egyptian hieroglyphs a. were borrowed from the practices of the Phoenicians. b. were written only on a paper made from papyrus reed and oak bark. c. used sacred characters as picture signs. d. were introduced by the Amorites. e. employed the use of an alphabet.

c

Examples of Zhou advances in agricultural technology included the a. planting of corn and yams. b. development of bronze plowshares. c. technique of leaving fallow land to better use soil nutrients. d. the permanent ending of flooding along the Yellow River. e. use of artificial fertilizers and stirrup harnesses.

c

Greek colonization a. failed. b. ended rule of tyrants who had the support of those opposed to the oligarchic aristocracy. c. resulted from overpopulation, an increase in trade, and a widening gap between rich and poor. d. brought to an end the hopes of those who were prospering from expanded commercial activities. e. extended into northern Gaul.

c

In addition to Mesopotamia and Egypt, other nearby areas in which significant human advances were made included... a. the appearance of true cities in northern Gaul by 4000 B.C.E. b. probable independent development of animal domestication and limited farming in what is now southern France by 10,000 B.C.E. c. the construction of a large megalithic complexes in the British Isles and in northwestern France which revealed a surprising awareness of astronomical data. d. the development of large urban centers in the Balkan peninsula by 9300 B.C.E. e. the establishment of large sheep ranches on the islands of Sicily and Ireland.

c

The Assyrian army a. defeated the Persians on the banks of the Tigris River. b. was unable to conquer Egypt. c. was renowned for its ability to besiege enemy cities. d. customarily used diplomacy and negotiation in their largely peaceful campaigns. e. could deploy only a few thousand troops in major campaigns.

c

The Greek historian who wrote the History of the Persian Wars was a. Philip of Thebes. b. Homer. c. Herodotus. d. Themosticles. e. Thucydides.

c

The Indo-Europeans a. were the descendants of the Mongols and Turks. b. never penetrated Europe or India. c. spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek. d. originally lived in the western section of the Sahara. e. fought long and exhausting wars against the Hittites.

c

The autocratic, centralized rule of the Qin dynasty was a a. consequence of the need to build a vast public irrigation system. b. continuation of Chinese political tradition. c. desire to limit the power of regional lords. d. result of external influences.

c

The earliest hominids a. used iron tools. b. evolved 1,000,000 years ago. c. lived in Africa. d. are known as Homo sapiens. e. lived in Asia.

c

The legendary "three sovereigns" of prehistoric China were a. Ling Pioa, Shong Tui, and Huang Di. b. Chiang, Deng, and Sun. c. Fu Xi, Shen Nong, and Huang Di. d. Shen Nong, Ling Pioa, and Shonh Tui. e. Fu Xi, Ling Pioa, and Shong Tui.

c

The significant cultural contribution of the Shang dynasty was the work that was cast in a. porcelain. b. copper. c. bronze. d. gold. e. iron.

c

Thucydides believed that a. truth was virtue. b. there was an exact pattern of repetition in all human affairs. c. historical writing should be objective, accurate, and factual. d. the past held no lessons for understanding the present. e. human nature showed no signs of order.

c

What army of occupation was driven from India by Chandragupta Maurya? a. the forces of the Assyrian king b. the Akkadian army c. the Greek administrators who had remained after Alexander the Great d. the army of Tamir the Lame e. the army of Ramses IV

c

Which of the following were among the basic characteristics of the first civilizations? a. the discovery of fire b. the use of iron tools and weapons by 3500 B.C.E. c. the development of cities d. the invention of pottery e. the development of the Phoenician alphabet

c

In ancient Greece, tyrants a. attained power, ironically, by popular election. b. were replaced by kings. c. were of peasant or slave origin. d. served in a transitional role from oligarchy to democracy for many city-states. e. always promoted the interests of the aristocracy.

d

Many historians believe that the early books of the Hebrew Bible a. were written at the time of the events they describe. b. accurately reflect the true written history of the early Hebrews. c. are an accurate account of all of the events recounted. d. were written long after the events written about. e. were first written on papyrus.

d

Socrates a. was a student of Plato. b. wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. c. was a merchant prince by trade. d. employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn. e. was a popular hero of the Peloponnesian War.

d

Some central ideas of Zoroastrianism are believed to have had a fundamental impact on Christianity. Which of the following did these ideas tend to emphasize? a. the holy trinity. b. caring for the poor. c. the last supper. d. good and evil.

d

The annual flooding of the Nile River a. produced many large urban centers that served as havens from the raging waters. b. was an unwanted event that occurred suddenly and generally without warning. c. inhibited the evolution of civilization in ancient Egypt. d. enabled Egyptian civilization to thrive by leaving deposits of fertile silt. e. did not require an organized irrigation system.

d

The emergence of the 'city state' as a central institution in Greek life a. dated to the classical age. b. was short-lived. c. was a consequence of foreign invasion. d. preceded the classical age. e. followed the classical age.

d

The migration patterns of the first modern humans show that people moved beyond their familiar hunting grounds at a rate of about ____ miles per generation. a. more than 200 b. 10-20 c. 50-100 d. 2-3

d

The purpose of the Vedas was to provide a. commentaries on the tribal Aryan religious beliefs. b. the historical legacy of the Hindu tradition. c. the story of the decline of Harappa. d. hymns and ritual sacrifices for tribal Aryan religious ceremonies. e. the unchanging theological dogma of Hinduism.

d

The terra-cotta figures near the Qin First Emperor's burial mound demonstrate the a. continuation of the Shang practices of human sacrifices. b. use of ceramics as a sculpture medium, replacing the ivory-casting of the Shang. c. transience of human life. d. huge expenditures that were devoted to afterlife preparation for the monarch. e. freeing of the individual soul under the influence of Doaism.

d

The two major cities of the Harappan civilization each had over 500,000 inhabitants. a. were Gujarat and Panini. b. were both located near the Indian Ocean coast. c. were established on the bank of the Ganges River. d. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

d

What makes the Chinese written language unique? a. its codified alphabet b. its phonetic constructions c. its simplicity d. its ideographical format e. its geographical dichotomy

d

What was the "well-field system"? a. It was originally developed by Aryan invaders to improve agricultural productivity in western China. b. It was an animistic belief designed to protect the health of the land. c. It was developed only in the first century, in response to the rise of socialist thought. d. It allowed peasants plots of their own to work, as well as working the lands of their lords. e. It was a water-diversion system which insured that every farm had the amount of water it needed.

d

Which of the following statements is correct? a. The Iron Age preceded the Bronze Age. b. The Bronze Age preceded the Iron Age. c. None of the above. d. The Bronze and Iron Ages overlapped. e. Historians do not refer to ages in this way.

d

lympic Games took place in the ____ century BCE. a. 2nd b. 6th c. 10th d. 8th e. 4th

d

Mycenaean civilization was characterized by a. a preference for trading over political and military activities. b. disinterest in agriculture. c. an introspective commercial system. d. a militaristic program of conquest, even of Crete. e. a democratic system of government.

d.

"If the government seeks to rule by decree, and to maintain order by the use of punishment, the people will seek to evade punishment and have no sense of shame. But if the government leads by virtue and governs through the rules of propriety, the people will feel shame and seek to correct their mistakes." This statement reflects the ideas of a. Qin Shi Huangdi. b. Zhouism. c. Doaism. d. Legalism. e. Confucianism.

e

All of the following was true about the Peloponnesian War except a. a plague killed one-third of the population of Athens. b. the foundation of Athenian strategy, initially, was the exploitation of its naval power. c. Athenians were defeated and their city wall torn down. d. the foundation of Spartan strategy was the exploitation of its strength in fighting face-to-face military confrontations on land. e. the ultimate result of the war was a unified Greece headed by the city by Thebes.

e

All of the following were true about the Spartan assembly except that a. it dealt only with the issues that the council of elders wanted it to deal with. b. its role was a limited one, since it could not discuss issues, but merely vote on them. c. it was composed of all male citizens of Sparta. d. it was reserved for males. e. it was elected by the gerousia and the military commanders.

e

Although not technically rejecting aristocratic rule, Confucius believed that a primary basis for granting the right to participate in government should be a. birth. b. force. c. wealth. d. moral insight. e. merit.

e

Cyrus the Great a. used merciless policies that caused him to be hated by the people he conquered. b. permanently conquered Greece. c. enslaved the Jews. d. established the Ptolemaic Dynasty. e. created a great Persian Empire.

e

In his well-known movie about Alexander the Great, Oliver Stone portrayed Alexander as which of the following? a. a ruler who aspired to divine honors b. a traitor to his father's cause c. a mediocre military commander d. a ruthless Machiavellian e. an idealistic dreamer

e

Most of the currently standing Great Wall of China, and which is the most photographed, was a. the solitary South Chinese construction project built to keep out nomadic invaders. b. thirty thousand kilometers long and ten meters high. c. built by Qin Shi Huangdi. d. built to keep rabbits and wild yaks from destroying crops. e. built during the Ming dynasty.

e

Mummification was to a. prevent the vital force of the physical body from returning. b. prevent decomposition during immersion in the Nile or exposure to the sun. c. prevent the vital force of the physical body from departing. d. assure against the return of the ka. e. help ensure that one could continue to live despite the death of the physical body.

e

The Chinese written language maintained its unique quality because of a. the ambiguity of its characters. b. its adoption by the peoples of northern India. c. its rejection by the Koreans and Japanese. d. the isolationist nature of ancient China. e. its unifying role within the society.

e

The Mahabharata a. primarily details the activities of Hindu rulers. b. sharply attacks belief in the dharma as being irrational. c. describes the peaceful relations between Aryan cousins. d. contains Krishna's sermon in which he advocates the value of success or failure as the paramount objective in all activities. e. provides an elaborate discussion of the ethics of the dharma.

e

The Phoenicians a. conquered the Sea Peoples of Egypt. b. established numerous Black Sea colonies. c. were skilled mercenary warriors. d. were great builders of several long-lasting empires. e. invented an alphabet.

e

The following are true about the Jewish concept of monotheism except a. the gods of all other peoples were believed to be mere idols. b. an agreement, or covenant, existed between the Hebrew people and Yahweh. c. God could be both vengeful and merciful. d. each person was worthwhile but had to decide between good and evil based upon the morality established by God. e. a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than the creator.

e

The founder of Buddhism was a. Chandragupta Maurya. b. Ashoka Gupta. c. Mahauira Krishna. d. Mahavira. e. Siddhartha Gautama.

e

The major nomadic threat to the Qin came from the a. Jin. b. Han. c. Manchus. d. Mongols. e. Xiongnu.

e

The tragic Greek tale of the man who killed his father and married his mother was written by a. Lycurgus. b. Aeschylus. c. Thespis. d. Euripides. e. Sophocles.

e

The ultimate goal of Hindus is to a. attain eternal life by exchanging one's karma for Atman. b. be reborn again and again. c. achieve enlightenment in the Western Paradise. d. attain a blissful, eternal afterlife. e. attain an ultimate spiritual reunion with Brahman and escape the pain of living.

e

Which of the following is not correct about the pyramids? a. They were symbols of royal power. b. Pyramids were filled with boats, food, weapons, and games. c. They were tombs for the pharaohs. d. The most magnificent of the pyramids was constructed about 2500 B.C.E. e. They were constructed during the Middle Kingdom.

e

Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of life in classical Athens? a. It was an environment in which total egalitarianism, wage labor, industrial production, a socialistic family structures, and female homosexuality were predominant. b. It was a society emphasizing militarism, which secluded its young men at a relatively young age in order to "harden" them for war. c. It was a society in which men ruled, women were impotent in all areas of social life, international trade was nonexistent, and there were no public works programs. d. It was ruled by philosopher kings. e. It was a male-dominated environment that used slaves, was predominantly agricultural, employed a limited number of craftsmen, gave a major role to the family, and accepted the practice of male homosexuality.

e