World Civilization Midterm

Revolutions in Latin America were frequently a power struggle between what two groups

peninsulares and creoles

Embedded in the US Constitution is the principle of

popular sovereignty

In leading the revolutions of South America, Simon Bolivar advocated

popular sovereignty

The provisional government lost the support of man

promised to continue the war to victory

Dreadnoughts were designed primarily to

protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles

The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established

that, if a a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony

An example of a syncretic cult combining elements of Christianity and African beliefs is

the Antonian Movement

All of the following are examples of vertical organization except

the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade

One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that

the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations

The American colonists won their bid for independence primarily

the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British

The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because

the Janissary cops were more interested in palace intrigues than in military training, the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army, many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies, Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment

The Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown because

the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

the daimyo and samurai classes

The battle of Gallipoli was significant in that

this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander troops

Most African slaves went

to tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas

African culture in the Americas did not include

traditional kinship ties

In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform most governments

treated trade unions as illegal organizations , supported business and prosecuted strikers, passed laws restricting child labor, extended the vote to the working class

Tanzimat legal reforms did not include the following right

womens right to sue for divorce

Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx, believed that the revolution

would be led by a small, highly-disciplined party actin on behalf of the workers

The example of Thomas Peters establishing the slave refuge in West Africa called Sierra Leone illustrates

the extensive linkages between lands and the Atlantic Ocean basin

At the Paris Peace Conference

Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power

Panama was supported in its uprising against Columbia by US President

Theodore Roosevelt

Which of the following could be considered a contributing cause of the Russian revolution of 1905?

the lack of representative legislative body, the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, the Bloody Sunday massacre, the government's failure to address the inequities of land ownership

What was not a provision of the Meiji constitution

the lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet

A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate

the restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon, limiting suffrage to men of property, censorship as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest, governments support of the established church

The middle passage of the slave trade was

the ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks

Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that

the stars and the planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws.

The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because

the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb, the East India Company established powerful, coastal trading forts, British merchants gained access to interior territories and the Sepoy Mutiny failed to drive the British out of India

Which of the following might be a feature or effect of cultural nationalism

the study of your culture's language, the study of your culture's history, collecting folk songs and fairy tales of your culture, anti-Semetism

Portuguese mariners succeeded in building a trading-post empire early sixteenth century for all of the following reasons except

the superiority of the Portuguese navy to English and Dutch forces

Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without

the telescope

Sunni Alis administration of the Songhay was strengthened by

a system of provincial governers, an effective chain of military command, an imperial navy to patrol the Niger-River, the profitable trans-Saharan traffic

In Britain, one outcome of the laws against child labor in the late nineteenth century was that

all children were required to attend public school

European and Arab mariners in the fifteenth century determined latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or a pole star above the horizon with what?

an astrolabe or cross staff

The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included

an expensive naval race, competition for foreign markets, tariff wars, competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa

The United States acquired Hawaiii by

annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy

The German people united behind King Wilhelm I because

the wars engineered by Bismark generated strong nationalist sentiment

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because

their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities

The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was

to provide mutual defense and support in case of attack

Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate when

troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied

British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by

undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles

Which of the following was NOT a typical inducement for Europeans to emigrate abroad in the nineteenth century

unemployment in Britain

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861

was achieved at the tsar's insistence

Cotton cloth was valued by European consumers in the eighteenth century because it

was comfortable and convenient

A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate

written constitutions and representative government

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because

discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers

In China, a "sphere of influence" was a city designated for trade between Chinese and European merchants

distract in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights

The Dutch in Indonesia concentrated their efforts on

dominating the spice trade through the Sundra Strait

Slavery's impact on Africa

fell most heavily on the societies of west Africa

Christopher Columbus believed by sailing 2500 nautical miles he would...

find a direct and profitable route to Japan

The reforms of Peter I did not include

forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of the serfs

In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of

furs

Under the rule of the Convention, French women

gained important property rights and the right to a divorce

Middle class family life in the new industrial society was characterized by

gendered division of labor and space

The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty and instead proposed that

governments are bound to the will of the people

From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant

harsh discipline and close supervision

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the catalyst that started WW1 because

his death brought to head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe

Theodor Herzl's Zionism was the direct result of

his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus

The population of Europe grew dramatically in the seventeenth century because of

improved nutrition with new American food crops

The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the nineteenth century because

improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because

it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit

Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of

lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity

One advantage of the industrial corporation over the older-joint stock company was the

limited liability for investors

What was NOT an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century because it

local sources of raw cotten

Improvements in transportation such as the railroads and steamships

lowered transportation costs, linked industrial centers with overseas resources, facilitated the movement of people as well as goods, facilitated the delivery of manufactured products to consumers

Social reforms enacted by Germany in the late nineteenth century included all of the following except

manditory trade union membership

Queen Nzinga resisted the Portuguese conquest of Angola by

mobilizing military resistance to the Portuguese

The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling referred to the

moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world

Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was

more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia

The Luddites were threatened by industrialization of what industry in particular

textiles

One significant difference between the Portuguese settlement of Angola and the Dutch settlement of Cape Town was that

the Portuguese sent farmers to Angola, while the Dutch came to South Africa primarily as merchants and traders

Factors in the decline of slavery did not include

the anti-slavery movement, the frequency of slave revolts, the declining profitability of slaves and the realization that wage labor in factories was cheaper that slave labor on plantations

One reason for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century was that

the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence

The scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by

the desire for tropical produce, the need to defend the whaling industry, concerns about Japanese expansion to nearby islands, the desire for strategic ports adn refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean

By 1800 European exploration of the Pacific Ocean did not result in...

the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia

Seventeenth century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all the following except

the election of the monarch by the merchant class

The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups except

the guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying

In spite of the ravages of the slave trade, the population of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century due to

the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas

According to the divine right theory or government

the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects

Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of

the lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance

The German Schlieffen plan called for

a swift knockout of France, combined with defensive action against Russia.

What was not part of Witte's policy of industrialization

nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel

In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that

only a communist revolution would overcome the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society

Which of the following was not part of Charles V holdings?

England

The Songhay Empire was toppled by

Morocco

Martin Luther succeeded where other Church critics had failed largely because of

The printing press

What was NOT a cause of the French Revolution of 1789

accusation of treason against Louis XVI

In WW1 "no mans land" was the

deadly territory between opposing trenches

Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as

military hero

By 1913 what province had not gained independence or autonomy from Ottoman control?

Anatolia

In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman empire faced insurrection from the

Arabs

By 1750 what region was not linked by trade and commerce

Australia

Which of the following is not true about the settlement of Australia

Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific

The last country to abolish the slavery was

Brazil

Which Latin American state gained independence as a monarchy?

Brazil

The first European power to abolish the slave trade was

Britain

The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire

As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained all the following except

Cape Town from the Dutch

Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation

Centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority

By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following except

Ireland

The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political ends

Discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism

What was not an economic motivation for imperialism

European and American industry needed more sources of coal

The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that

European troops with modern weapons could subdue a a vast native army

T/F In contrast to modern stereotypes, nearly half of all accused witches were men

False

which of the following would not be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire

German migrants to plantations in the Congo

This government gave the most workers rights, pensions, and social security than other industrializing nations of the in the late nineteenth century

Germany

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War, ensured that

Germany would remain fragmented, the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion, each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs, and the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy

The key factor in the decision of the US to enter WW1 was

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the US

Choose the order in which these African empires arose

Ghana, Mali, Songhay

Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons except

He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther

Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because

He attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford, many Christians shared his concern about the corruption of the Church, many German princes saw this as a way to break way from the Church, He supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages

Which trading post is incorrectly paired with a European power?

Hormuz and England

Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places

India, due to tea production, Ceylon, due to tea production, Malaya, due to rubber production, and Sumatra due to rubber production

Which of the following statements about the League of Nations is NOT true

It was dominated by the countries of Europe

Which region is incorrectly paired with a primary trade good?

Japan and spices

What was not a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842

Japanese gained control of the island of Taiwan

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers

Pair the individual with the scientific discovery

Newton and the principle of gravity, Kepler and the planetary orbits, Galileo and the principle of inertia, and Copernicus and the sun-centered model of the universe

The Portuguese slave trades began in the mid-fifteenth century with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Europe. How had this trade changed by the mid-sixteenth century

Portuguese merchants bought slaves from the African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas

Although relations between Portugal and the Kongo were initially friendly, the Konglo was ultimately destroyed because

Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of the kings.

What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism

Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome

What was not a significant presence in the Indian Ocean by the mid-eighteenth century?

Russia

The "Great Game" refers to the

Russian contest with Britain for central Asia

"Ten days that shook the world" is a reference to

Russian revolution in November 1917

Which of the following was not conquered or defeated by the Portuguese

Songhay

Match the two kingdoms involved in the Spanish Armanda

Spain vs England

Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government

The Declaration of Independence

The Thirty Years War began when

The Holy Roman emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism

Which of the following is not considered to be part of the Catholic Reformation

The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?

The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe

In the New World, the Columbian Exchange generally resulted in

The introduction of infectious diseases, the staggering loss of indigenous populations, the introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses and the introduction of food crops such as wheat

Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans did not include?

The population pressures in Europe

What was not a explanation of why the Haitian revolution succeeded

The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces

What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus

To be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world

Which of the Young Turks proposals caused the most dissension in the empire

Turkish as the official language of the empire

What was NOT one of the provisions of the new French constitution of 1791

all adult males were given the right to vote in national elections

What effect did WW1 have on the status of women

Women in many countries received the vote in years after the war

The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasco da Gama offered European merchants....

a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants

Portuguese sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using

a combination of square and lateen sails

Cecil Rhodes was

a leading British imperialist active in south Africa

The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for the

brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II

Under British imperial rule, India was governed

by a viceroy working in collaboration with Indian Princes

The British maintained their head start in industrialization

by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise

The Manila galleons were noted for

carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines

From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant

cheaper manufactured goods

What was not a significant labor-saving invention in the production of cotton cloth

chemical dyes

John Calvin's contribution to the furthering of the Protestant Reformation came from

codifying Protestantism into a coherent and organized manner

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from

commercial taxes

Which of the following improved communication between India and Britain

completion of the Suez Canal, use of steamships, and laying of submarine cables

The American women's rights movement began

concurrent with the antislavery movement

New institutions that supported early capitalism did not include

craft guilds

The most significant achievement of Sultan Mahmud II was the

creation of a modern army

Richelieu and his absolutist theory heir, Louis XIV, managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by

crushing the most powerful nobles in a civil war early in his reign, heavily taxing the nobles estates so they could no longer fund private armies, requiring the nobility to live at Versailles where he could distract them and keep an eye on them, appointing hundreds of new nobles from the merchant class, who were loyal to him

The English East India Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all the following advantages except

direct government supervision

Pressure for reform in British India came from

educated Indians seeking self-rule

By the mid-fifteenth century Portuguese mariners used a strategy called the volta do mar that....

enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against the trade winds

Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina

encouraged conversion to Christianity

In general, Napoleon championed

equality under the law but not political freedom

One social goal of the British authorities in India was to

establish English-style schools for children of Indian elites

Olaudah Equiano's experience contributed to the abolishment of slavery because he

exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience

In Eurasia, new American food crops translated into

overall improvements in diet and nutrition, steady population growth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, more varied cuisine, and better forage for livestock

The indigenous religions of sub-Saharan African were essentially

polytheistic, recognizing numerous local gods as well as a single creator God

Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that

race could be biologically defined and characerized, western dominance was justified on the basis of racial superiority, the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the "fittest" race, and people of European descent were morally superior to other races

By 1900 birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because

raising children was more expensive in an industrial society than in an agricultural one, declining infant and mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive, improved health and nutrition reduced overall death rates, married couples actively practiced birth control

The purpose of the Twenty-One demands was to

reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate

Japanese imperial expansion in the late 19th century was primarily motivated by

resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by US

Rural laborers new to the factory had difficulty adjusting to the

rigid timetables of industrial work

Which of the following was NOT a military technology used in WW1

rocket-powered missiles

Maroons were

slaves who ran away and formed their own communities in remote areas

African slaves were in demand for the New World because

so many Native Americans died from imported diseases, native peoples frequently escaped into the hinterlands, sugar plantations in the Caribbean required considerable labor

In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church

summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment