World Civilization Midterm
Revolutions in Latin America were frequently a power struggle between what two groups
peninsulares and creoles
Embedded in the US Constitution is the principle of
popular sovereignty
In leading the revolutions of South America, Simon Bolivar advocated
popular sovereignty
The provisional government lost the support of man
promised to continue the war to victory
Dreadnoughts were designed primarily to
protect merchant shipping and conduct high-seas battles
The Berlin West Africa Conference in 1884-1885 established
that, if a a European power indicated its intention to colonize and then proceeded to occupy an African territory, it could claim that colony
An example of a syncretic cult combining elements of Christianity and African beliefs is
the Antonian Movement
All of the following are examples of vertical organization except
the British East India Company's monopoly on the tea trade
One striking difference between the British and the French imperial models in Africa is that
the British preferred to use local institutions to control subject populations
The American colonists won their bid for independence primarily
the French and the Dutch decided to support them against the British
The Ottoman military had declined by the nineteenth century because
the Janissary cops were more interested in palace intrigues than in military training, the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army, many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies, Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment
The Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown because
the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry
The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of
the daimyo and samurai classes
The battle of Gallipoli was significant in that
this British-directed debacle cost the lives of many Canadian, Australian, and New Zealander troops
Most African slaves went
to tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas
African culture in the Americas did not include
traditional kinship ties
In response to socialist demands for social and economic reform most governments
treated trade unions as illegal organizations , supported business and prosecuted strikers, passed laws restricting child labor, extended the vote to the working class
Tanzimat legal reforms did not include the following right
womens right to sue for divorce
Although he called himself a Marxist, Lenin, unlike Marx, believed that the revolution
would be led by a small, highly-disciplined party actin on behalf of the workers
The example of Thomas Peters establishing the slave refuge in West Africa called Sierra Leone illustrates
the extensive linkages between lands and the Atlantic Ocean basin
At the Paris Peace Conference
Britain and France were determined to strip Germany of military power
Panama was supported in its uprising against Columbia by US President
Theodore Roosevelt
Which of the following could be considered a contributing cause of the Russian revolution of 1905?
the lack of representative legislative body, the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, the Bloody Sunday massacre, the government's failure to address the inequities of land ownership
What was not a provision of the Meiji constitution
the lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet
A political conservative in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate
the restoration of the French monarchy after the defeat of Napoleon, limiting suffrage to men of property, censorship as a reasonable means of preventing social unrest, governments support of the established church
The middle passage of the slave trade was
the ship voyage across the Atlantic in the cargo decks
Isaac Newton's work seemed to suggest that
the stars and the planets were part of a unified system, governed by the same natural laws.
The Mughal dynasty fell primarily because
the state had been weakened by conflicts during the reign of Aurangzeb, the East India Company established powerful, coastal trading forts, British merchants gained access to interior territories and the Sepoy Mutiny failed to drive the British out of India
Which of the following might be a feature or effect of cultural nationalism
the study of your culture's language, the study of your culture's history, collecting folk songs and fairy tales of your culture, anti-Semetism
Portuguese mariners succeeded in building a trading-post empire early sixteenth century for all of the following reasons except
the superiority of the Portuguese navy to English and Dutch forces
Galileo's discoveries would not have been possible without
the telescope
Sunni Alis administration of the Songhay was strengthened by
a system of provincial governers, an effective chain of military command, an imperial navy to patrol the Niger-River, the profitable trans-Saharan traffic
In Britain, one outcome of the laws against child labor in the late nineteenth century was that
all children were required to attend public school
European and Arab mariners in the fifteenth century determined latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or a pole star above the horizon with what?
an astrolabe or cross staff
The rivalry between Germany and Britain up to 1914 included
an expensive naval race, competition for foreign markets, tariff wars, competition for colonies in east and southwest Africa
The United States acquired Hawaiii by
annexing the islands after American planters had overthrown the monarchy
The German people united behind King Wilhelm I because
the wars engineered by Bismark generated strong nationalist sentiment
The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because
their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities
The purpose of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente was
to provide mutual defense and support in case of attack
Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate when
troops garrisoned in the capital mutinied
British rule undermined the Indian cotton industry by
undercutting the cost of Indian cloth with cheap British textiles
Which of the following was NOT a typical inducement for Europeans to emigrate abroad in the nineteenth century
unemployment in Britain
The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861
was achieved at the tsar's insistence
Cotton cloth was valued by European consumers in the eighteenth century because it
was comfortable and convenient
A political liberal in the nineteenth century would be likely to advocate
written constitutions and representative government
At the end of the nineteenth century, the Ottoman Empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because
discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers
In China, a "sphere of influence" was a city designated for trade between Chinese and European merchants
distract in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights
The Dutch in Indonesia concentrated their efforts on
dominating the spice trade through the Sundra Strait
Slavery's impact on Africa
fell most heavily on the societies of west Africa
Christopher Columbus believed by sailing 2500 nautical miles he would...
find a direct and profitable route to Japan
The reforms of Peter I did not include
forming a council of nobles to advise him on how best to improve the lives of the serfs
In spite of the isolation and harsh climate, Russians ventured over the Urals into Siberia in search of
furs
Under the rule of the Convention, French women
gained important property rights and the right to a divorce
Middle class family life in the new industrial society was characterized by
gendered division of labor and space
The ideas of the Enlightenment challenged the long-term assumptions about sovereignty and instead proposed that
governments are bound to the will of the people
From the perspective of the worker, the factory system meant
harsh discipline and close supervision
The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that
held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the catalyst that started WW1 because
his death brought to head the tensions underlying the alliances in eastern and western Europe
Theodor Herzl's Zionism was the direct result of
his shock at the army's persecution of Alfred Dreyfus
The population of Europe grew dramatically in the seventeenth century because of
improved nutrition with new American food crops
The population of the industrial world grew dramatically in the nineteenth century because
improved transportation networks resulted in cheaper food and therefore better diets
The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because
it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit
Smallpox, influenza, and measles spread rapidly in the Americas because of
lack of previous exposure that would build natural immunity
One advantage of the industrial corporation over the older-joint stock company was the
limited liability for investors
What was NOT an economic advantage enjoyed by Britain in the eighteenth century because it
local sources of raw cotten
Improvements in transportation such as the railroads and steamships
lowered transportation costs, linked industrial centers with overseas resources, facilitated the movement of people as well as goods, facilitated the delivery of manufactured products to consumers
Social reforms enacted by Germany in the late nineteenth century included all of the following except
manditory trade union membership
Queen Nzinga resisted the Portuguese conquest of Angola by
mobilizing military resistance to the Portuguese
The "white man's burden" proposed by Rudyard Kipling referred to the
moral duty of the west to work to "civilize" the rest of the world
Compared to the western front, fighting on the eastern front was
more fluid, as the Germans made inroads into Russia
The Luddites were threatened by industrialization of what industry in particular
textiles
One significant difference between the Portuguese settlement of Angola and the Dutch settlement of Cape Town was that
the Portuguese sent farmers to Angola, while the Dutch came to South Africa primarily as merchants and traders
Factors in the decline of slavery did not include
the anti-slavery movement, the frequency of slave revolts, the declining profitability of slaves and the realization that wage labor in factories was cheaper that slave labor on plantations
One reason for the hysterical witch-hunts of the sixteenth century was that
the conflicts of the Reformation contributed to a climate of suspicion and violence
The scramble for Pacific island colonies in the late nineteenth century was motivated by
the desire for tropical produce, the need to defend the whaling industry, concerns about Japanese expansion to nearby islands, the desire for strategic ports adn refueling stations in the Pacific Ocean
By 1800 European exploration of the Pacific Ocean did not result in...
the discovery of a northwest passage from Europe to Asia
Seventeenth century constitutional monarchies are characterized by all the following except
the election of the monarch by the merchant class
The putting-out system was profitable for all of the following groups except
the guild members who specialized in specific elements of cloth production such as weaving or dying
In spite of the ravages of the slave trade, the population of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century due to
the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas
According to the divine right theory or government
the king derives his authority from God alone and is not accountable to his subjects
Spanish forces were able to conquer the Philippines because of
the lack of a centralized, powerful state to organize resistance
The German Schlieffen plan called for
a swift knockout of France, combined with defensive action against Russia.
What was not part of Witte's policy of industrialization
nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel
In their critique of industrial capitalism, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels claimed that
only a communist revolution would overcome the abuses of capitalism and create a just and equal society
Which of the following was not part of Charles V holdings?
England
The Songhay Empire was toppled by
Morocco
Martin Luther succeeded where other Church critics had failed largely because of
The printing press
What was NOT a cause of the French Revolution of 1789
accusation of treason against Louis XVI
In WW1 "no mans land" was the
deadly territory between opposing trenches
Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power as
military hero
By 1913 what province had not gained independence or autonomy from Ottoman control?
Anatolia
In addition to fighting off Allied forces, the Ottoman empire faced insurrection from the
Arabs
By 1750 what region was not linked by trade and commerce
Australia
Which of the following is not true about the settlement of Australia
Australia became a multicultural society, drawing settlers from all over the Pacific
The last country to abolish the slavery was
Brazil
Which Latin American state gained independence as a monarchy?
Brazil
The first European power to abolish the slave trade was
Britain
The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because
Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman Empire
As a result of the Seven Years' War, Britain gained all the following except
Cape Town from the Dutch
Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation
Centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority
By the end of the nineteenth century, nationalistic movements resulted in independent sovereignty for all of the following except
Ireland
The Spanish Inquisition relied on religious justifications to advance what political ends
Discouraging the Spanish nobles from adopting Protestantism
What was not an economic motivation for imperialism
European and American industry needed more sources of coal
The Battle of Omdurman clearly demonstrated that
European troops with modern weapons could subdue a a vast native army
T/F In contrast to modern stereotypes, nearly half of all accused witches were men
False
which of the following would not be typical of labor migration patterns in the age of empire
German migrants to plantations in the Congo
This government gave the most workers rights, pensions, and social security than other industrializing nations of the in the late nineteenth century
Germany
The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years War, ensured that
Germany would remain fragmented, the nations of Europe would no longer go to war over religion, each nation was permitted to direct its own internal affairs, and the balance of power was the new principle of European diplomacy
The key factor in the decision of the US to enter WW1 was
Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare against the US
Choose the order in which these African empires arose
Ghana, Mali, Songhay
Charles V was unable to forge a united empire for all of the following reasons except
He alienated the pope for failing to crush Luther
Martin Luther's work had an enthusiastic popular support because
He attacked the sale of indulgences that the poor could not afford, many Christians shared his concern about the corruption of the Church, many German princes saw this as a way to break way from the Church, He supported the translation of the Bible from Latin into the vernacular languages
Which trading post is incorrectly paired with a European power?
Hormuz and England
Colonial rule dramatically altered the environment in which of the following places
India, due to tea production, Ceylon, due to tea production, Malaya, due to rubber production, and Sumatra due to rubber production
Which of the following statements about the League of Nations is NOT true
It was dominated by the countries of Europe
Which region is incorrectly paired with a primary trade good?
Japan and spices
What was not a provision of the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842
Japanese gained control of the island of Taiwan
The Taiping rebellion was defeated when
Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers
Pair the individual with the scientific discovery
Newton and the principle of gravity, Kepler and the planetary orbits, Galileo and the principle of inertia, and Copernicus and the sun-centered model of the universe
The Portuguese slave trades began in the mid-fifteenth century with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Europe. How had this trade changed by the mid-sixteenth century
Portuguese merchants bought slaves from the African raiders and sold them to Europe and the Americas
Although relations between Portugal and the Kongo were initially friendly, the Konglo was ultimately destroyed because
Portuguese slave traders undermined the authority of the kings.
What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism
Protestantism provided monarchs an opportunity to break away from the political domination of Rome
What was not a significant presence in the Indian Ocean by the mid-eighteenth century?
Russia
The "Great Game" refers to the
Russian contest with Britain for central Asia
"Ten days that shook the world" is a reference to
Russian revolution in November 1917
Which of the following was not conquered or defeated by the Portuguese
Songhay
Match the two kingdoms involved in the Spanish Armanda
Spain vs England
Which of the following could be considered an expression of enlightened ideas about government
The Declaration of Independence
The Thirty Years War began when
The Holy Roman emperor tried to force his Bohemian subjects to return to Catholicism
Which of the following is not considered to be part of the Catholic Reformation
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Why had most European governments abandoned concessionary companies in Africa by the early twentieth century?
The brutal use of forced African labor by companies provoked a public outcry in Europe
In the New World, the Columbian Exchange generally resulted in
The introduction of infectious diseases, the staggering loss of indigenous populations, the introduction of domesticated animals such as cattle and horses and the introduction of food crops such as wheat
Major motivations for European exploration of the world's oceans did not include?
The population pressures in Europe
What was not a explanation of why the Haitian revolution succeeded
The revolutionaries had the support of British and Spanish forces
What was the principle work of the Society of Jesus
To be disciplined, educated representatives of the Church throughout the world
Which of the Young Turks proposals caused the most dissension in the empire
Turkish as the official language of the empire
What was NOT one of the provisions of the new French constitution of 1791
all adult males were given the right to vote in national elections
What effect did WW1 have on the status of women
Women in many countries received the vote in years after the war
The sea route to the Indian Ocean discovered by Vasco da Gama offered European merchants....
a chance to buy goods directly from Indian merchants
Portuguese sailors were able to tack against the prevailing winds by using
a combination of square and lateen sails
Cecil Rhodes was
a leading British imperialist active in south Africa
The colonization of the Belgian Congo is noted for the
brutal treatment of the Congolese people by King Leopold II
Under British imperial rule, India was governed
by a viceroy working in collaboration with Indian Princes
The British maintained their head start in industrialization
by forbidding the export of machinery and expertise
The Manila galleons were noted for
carrying large cargoes between Mexico and the Philippines
From the perspective of the consumer, the factory system meant
cheaper manufactured goods
What was not a significant labor-saving invention in the production of cotton cloth
chemical dyes
John Calvin's contribution to the furthering of the Protestant Reformation came from
codifying Protestantism into a coherent and organized manner
The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from
commercial taxes
Which of the following improved communication between India and Britain
completion of the Suez Canal, use of steamships, and laying of submarine cables
The American women's rights movement began
concurrent with the antislavery movement
New institutions that supported early capitalism did not include
craft guilds
The most significant achievement of Sultan Mahmud II was the
creation of a modern army
Richelieu and his absolutist theory heir, Louis XIV, managed to control the nobles of France and their activities by
crushing the most powerful nobles in a civil war early in his reign, heavily taxing the nobles estates so they could no longer fund private armies, requiring the nobility to live at Versailles where he could distract them and keep an eye on them, appointing hundreds of new nobles from the merchant class, who were loyal to him
The English East India Company and the VOC were privately owned companies that enjoyed all the following advantages except
direct government supervision
Pressure for reform in British India came from
educated Indians seeking self-rule
By the mid-fifteenth century Portuguese mariners used a strategy called the volta do mar that....
enabled them to sail with westerly winds rather than force their way against the trade winds
Unlike the British in India, the French in Indochina
encouraged conversion to Christianity
In general, Napoleon championed
equality under the law but not political freedom
One social goal of the British authorities in India was to
establish English-style schools for children of Indian elites
Olaudah Equiano's experience contributed to the abolishment of slavery because he
exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience
In Eurasia, new American food crops translated into
overall improvements in diet and nutrition, steady population growth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, more varied cuisine, and better forage for livestock
The indigenous religions of sub-Saharan African were essentially
polytheistic, recognizing numerous local gods as well as a single creator God
Proponents of "scientific racism" argued that
race could be biologically defined and characerized, western dominance was justified on the basis of racial superiority, the theories of Charles Darwin supported world dominance by the "fittest" race, and people of European descent were morally superior to other races
By 1900 birthrates had sharply declined in most industrialized countries because
raising children was more expensive in an industrial society than in an agricultural one, declining infant and mortality meant that more of the children born were likely to survive, improved health and nutrition reduced overall death rates, married couples actively practiced birth control
The purpose of the Twenty-One demands was to
reduce China to the status of a Japanese protectorate
Japanese imperial expansion in the late 19th century was primarily motivated by
resentment at the unequal treaties forced on them by US
Rural laborers new to the factory had difficulty adjusting to the
rigid timetables of industrial work
Which of the following was NOT a military technology used in WW1
rocket-powered missiles
Maroons were
slaves who ran away and formed their own communities in remote areas
African slaves were in demand for the New World because
so many Native Americans died from imported diseases, native peoples frequently escaped into the hinterlands, sugar plantations in the Caribbean required considerable labor
In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church
summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen their spiritual commitment