World geography semester 2

About how wide is the transition zone at the widest point?

250 miles

About what percentage of the world's known oil reserves are located in the Middle East and North Africa?

60%

Approximentely what percentage of the populations of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine are ethnically Russian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian?

80%

The permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel is

A group of African countries working to improve food security and manage the region's water, land, and natural resources

Which factor plays the most important role in determining population patterns of East Africa?

Access to freshwater

Which geographic feature played the greatest role in the development of most major cities in Eastern Europe?

Access to navigable water

After September 11, 2001, the United States overthrew the government of

Afghanistan

What is the most populous country in Central Asia?

Afghanistan

Problems with ____ in Iraq raised the concern of US military officials, who worried about the effects on American soldiers stationed there

Air pollution

Which statement about countries during the communist era is true?

Almost no communist countries in Eastern Europe had anti-pollution laws.

The major mountain chains of Southern Europe include the

Alps, Pyrenees, and Apennines.

In 2011 the president of ____________________ signed two presidential decrees in an attempt to improve water quality and reduce damage to the natural environment

Angola

Which mountain range runs along the spine of the Italian Peninsula?

Apennines

To the east of Canada's central region of plains stand the ancient, rounded

Appalachian Mountains

Which of the following is North America's oldest mountain range?

Appalachian Mountains

Despite small amounts of ____________________ land, nearly half the workforce in Central Asia lives by farming.

Arable

Due to high mountains that block moisture from major bodies of water, much of the inland areas of the Northeast experiences which type of climate?

Arid or semi arid

In what two Central Asian countries is the majority of the population Christian?

Armenia and Georgia

The expert _____ weavers of Ghana are known for kente, a brightly colored cloth consisting of bands of fabric sewn together

Ashanti

During the Soviet era, the government actively promoted what set of beliefs?

Atheism

Due to the efforts of concerned citizens and environmental organizations, the most serious polluters of Lake ________ have been closed down and pollution levels have declined in the world's oldest and deepest lake.

Baikal

Among countries in Northwestern Europe, fragmentation due to roads and railways is highest in

Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg

Automobiles cause less environmental damage than traditional automobiles because they use fuel made from corn and other organic sources

Biofuel

Which of the following is an economic activity characteristic of a postindustrial economy?

Biotechnology

Although most of Central Asia has a dry climate, the winds blowing from the ____________________ create a wetter climate in Western Georgia and the steppes of the Caucasus.

Black Sea

Which two ethnic groups were most affected by ethnic cleansing during the 1990s?

Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims

Except for in ____________________, most Southern African communities do not benefit from mineral and gemstone profits of foreign companies

Botswana

Most of the world's diamonds come from mines near the Witwatersrand, ____________________, and along the coast near the Namibia-South Africa border.

Botswana

The black triangle is an example of an area with high pollution caused by

Burning coal as a power source

How do aqueducts help support California's large population?

By bringing freshwater from far away

Which of the following is an important cash crop- native to Central American and South America- that was introduced to West Africa during the colonial period?

Cacao

A giant core of rock anchoring North America and centered on Hudson Bay and James Bay is

Canadian shield

The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the ____________________ Sea is an agreement that commits bordering countries to reducing agricultural and industrial pollution in that troubled body of water.

Caspian

The ____________________ is the largest inland body of water on Earth.

Caspian Sea

Which of the following is the world's largest inland body of water and is a key fishery that is threatened by pollution?

Caspian Sea

The southern part of the Russia's best agriculture region has rich, black soil called

Chernozems

Which country is heavily investing in East African trade, natural resources, and infrastructure, fundamentally altering the economy of the subregion?

China

The two dominant regions in East Africa are

Christianity and Islam

Because of its location in the high latitudes, the ________ is changing more rapidly in Northern Europe than in most other places in the world.

Climate

Differentiate the climates of coastal and inland sub-regions of Eastern Mediterranean nations.

Coastal subregions have a Mediterranean climate, while inland areas have semi-arid steppe and/or arid desert conditions.

Turkmenistan continues to operate as a ____________________ economy, in which the government owns the land and tells farmers what to grow.

Command

About 3,500 square miles of ____________________ are lost each year

Congo Basin rain forest

Nordic countries became integrated with mainland Europe during the 1300s, which caused the region to become more

Continental

Government _____ is an obstacle to change and economic efficiency in West Africa and has a negative impact on social and economic development, as well as on the environment and resource management.

Corruption

Identify successful actions implemented by some East African governments that have had both environmental and economic benefits

Creating conversation areas in national parks which draw ecotourist

Which environmental issue has been most directly addressed by East African governments?

Deforestation

Which statement about desertification is true?

Desertification is an increasing problem caused by wind, farming, overgrazing, and loss of vegetation.

Due to the mountains' impact on climate, inland western and southern Iraq and eastern and southern Iran are mostly covered by

Deserts

Which statement about the desert regions of North Africa is true?

Droughts have expanded the Sahara.

Why are there so many different types of climates and biomes within the East African subregion?

East Africa covers a wide area of latitudes and has many different elevations

Which country obtains most of its water supplies from surface water?

Egypt

The Arab Spring Movement of 2010-2011 led to new governments being elected in which countries?

Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia

What has been the impact of the international agreement to ban ivory trade worldwide?

Elephants still face extinction because demand for ivory has risen and poaching continues.

Identify the major river that has supported agricultural activities in modern day Syria for nearly 7,000 years?

Euphrates

Which river provides water to all of syria?

Euphrates River

Which is an example of a government effort to protect the environment of Southern Europe?

European Environmental Agency

The Ural Mountains mark the traditional boundary between

European Russia and Siberia Russia

At the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885,

Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders

What geographical factor(s) led to both Christianity and Islam becoming the two most prominent faiths within East Africa today?

Explorers, colonists, and traders had easy access due to East Africa's long Red Sea and Indian Ocean coastlines

The largest sector in East Africa's economy is

Export agriculture

State-supported day care is an example of ________ social welfare policies in the Nordic countries.

Family- friendly

The Kemi river in _________ is harnessed for hydroelectric power, a significant renewable resource

Finland

______ is the only Northern European country without an official religion

Finland

Who has been benefiting most from Equatorial Africa's wealth of petroleum and mineral resources?

Foreign mine owners and corrupt government officials mismanage income and leave the people with little direct benefit

After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which European colonial powers divided the Eastern Mediterranean?

France and Great Britain

Why is French spoken in some countries of North Africa?

France colonized parts of North Africa in the 1800s.

Activists have sought to prevent the destruction of archaeological treasures that would occur if land is flooded for

GAP

Who was the leader of the Mongol forces who invaded Central Asia in the A.D. 1200s?

Genghis Khan

Which country in Northwestern Europe has few natural resources for energy and imports most of its energy needs?

Germany

Which of the following countries in West Africa is named after an early trading empire?

Ghana

Which of the following is true about how countries in Northwestern Europe are addressing environmental issues caused by acid rain?

Governments have focused on both reducing the causes of acid rain and the damage it causes.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain

What is one way that growing tourism directly affects the health of the marine life within the Mediterranean ecosystem?

Growing numbers of tourists want to sample local cuisines, especially seafood dishes in coastal areas, resulting in overfishing.

In recent decades, political and economic instability in some nations of Southern Europe was the result of

High national debt and unemployment

Which illustrates an example of how society in Southern Europe has been influenced by rich intellectual traditions established in the Greek and Roman Empires and embraced anew in the Renaissance?

Higher education is increasingly common, and literacy rates are high

How has the European Union promoted trade among member countries, as well as countries such as the United States and China?

How has the European Union promoted trade among member countries, as well as countries such as the United States and China?

Canada is the world's fourth-largest producer of ________, which is an inexpensive source of renewable energy.

Hydroelectric

The tectonically active country that is also the westernmost country in the Northern European sub region is

Iceland

When did North Africa develop an educated middle class and begin following European ideas related to self-rule?

In the 1800s

The runoff of chemicals and waste from ___________ areas nearby adds to the pollution that endangers costal areas, wetlands, and rivers in Northern Europe

Industrialized

the ____ the indigenous people of the Canadian Arctic, were once known as Eskimos.

Inuit

The Persian Empire arose to the east of Mesopotamia, across the Zagros Mountains in present-day ______, before spreading across the region

Iran

A decades-old conflict in Sudan that ended in 2005 was based on a dispute over

Islamic-oriented governments versus secular governments

How has the Aswān High Dam had an adverse effect on human health?

It created new ecosystems in which diseases such as malaria flourished.

Which statement about the Hungarian Plains is true?

It has fertile soil used to grow grains and vegetables.

How did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect the economy of East Germany?

It led to the closure of state-owned factories to worker collectives, which have yet to become profitable

Which is a negative effect of tourism in North Africa?

It requires large quantities of water for swimming pools, hotels, and golf courses.

How did the level of available natural material resources affect industrialization in the US?

It speeded industrialization because the country had abundant and easy access to mineral resources

An example of how the Great Green Wall will help to combat desertification is

It will block desert winds, which dry the soil

One of the legacies of the Transition Zone's colonial past is

Its countries' political boundaries

What type of music developed in the United States during the early 1900s that combined African rhythms with European harmonies?

Jazz

What was an effect of the 1947 UN action to divide the former Ottoman and British colony of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state?

Jews accepted the plan, forming the independent state of Israel, while Arab Palestinians rejected it.

Which religion established the concept of monotheism?

Judaism

In what former Soviet republic has high industrial pollution been linked to increased infant mortality?

Kazakhstan

The testing of nuclear weapons has led to serious health and environmental problems in the former Soviet republic of

Kazakhstan

______ populations in Syria, Turkey, and Iran continue to push for more political autonomy and a country of their own

Kurdish

Which example directly relates an economic development issue with an environmental issue?

Lack of infrastructure means many people must use wood because they don't have access to electricity resulting in deforestation

What is the largest city in Africa?

Lagos, Nigeria

______ has been shrinking due to drought, desertification, climate change, and the damming of rivers.

Lake Chad

Which of the following is a human-made lake that was created by damming a river and flooding some 700 villages?

Lake Volta

Identify the Eastern Mediterranean nation whose mountainous terrain most extensively affects population distribution and economic activities.

Lebanon

Which country has underground reservoirs of water that were discovered in the mid-1950s?

Libya

The Eastern European countries that benefited from foreign investments shortly after the fall of commumism were countries

Located near Western Europe

The body of water that flows from the Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean, draining much of Canada's northern interior, is called the

Mackenzie river

Around A.D. 800, a small group of people sailed in outrigger canoes from islands in Southeast Asia to

Madagascar

The lagoons and ___ swamps are important parts of the coastal ecosystem of West Africa because they provide food and shelter for fish, shellfish, mollusks, wildfowl, and marine mammals.

Mangrove

When does most rainfall in the Transition Zone?

May to August

Which body of water separates Africa from Europe

Mediterranean Sea

Dumping waste directly in the sea is common in countries that border the

Mediterranean Sea.

What major river flows some 2,350 miles from its source in Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico, making it an important route for trade?

Mississippi River

How have countries in the Arabian Peninsula managed freshwater, their most precious resource?

Most have drawn too heavily from aquifers and wasted it with poor irrigation methods

Which characteristic protected the Balkan Peninsula from invaders, allowing the Slavic people in the area to create independent states?

Mountainous terrain

When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, they encountered resistance from ____________________, or Islamic guerrilla fighters.

Mujahideen

What historical effect did East Africa's access to the red sea and the Indian Ocean have on the subregion that still influences its society to this day?

Multiculturalism

Today the majority of people living in the Northeast region are

Muslium

The ____ river is the main river of West Africa and an important commercial shipping route.

Niger

Which country has some of the world's largest deposits of uranium, as well as oil, gold, and coal?

Niger

What is the only West African country that belongs to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?

Nigeria

Would a period of heavy rainfall help the transition zone combat desertification?

No, because the ground is too dry to absorb the water.

Which of the following very active fault lines is about 750 miles (1200 km) in length and extends across much of Turkey?

North Anatolian

A broad lowland area north of the Carpathians covering most of Poland and many Baltic countries is the

Northern European Plain

In what area does the majority of Russian population live?

Northern European Plain

_______ is not a member of the European Union, but it has attracted numerous international workers to petroleum exploration processing.

Norway

In Central Asia, some farming takes place on ____________________, or areas where underground water naturally comes to the surface.

Oases

Two wildlife areas on either side of the ____________________ River recently joined with each other and with several sanctuaries in Zimbabwe to provide a safe haven for various species

Okavango

What effect did the 2008 economic downturn in the united states have on the global economy?

Other countries also suffered financial problems

How are overgrazing and desertification related?

Overgrazing is a cause of desertification

Which human-caused problem is most directly related to exceeding an area's carrying capacity?

Overpopulation

What ethnic group is the dominant political group in Afghanistan?

Pashtun

In Central Asia, many people practice ____________________, or the raising and grazing of livestock.

Pastoralism

Countries along the ____________________ coast are among the most desertified on the Arabian Peninsula

Persian Gulf

Overuse of fertilizers and ________ has polluted farmland and water in much of Russia.

Pesticides

The ____________________ industry provides significant wealth to most nations in the region.

Petroleum

Most of Southern Africa's landforms consist of ____________________ and highlands.

Plateaus

Which is a factor that has contributed to the lack of proper management of natural resources within East Africa?

Poverty

The Congo's first inhabitants, the Mbuti, who were once known as ____________________, still live in the region today

Pygmies

Which period saw a resurgence of the arts and culture in Europe during the 1300s after a long period of decline?

Renaissance

Identify a way the economy of East Africa is changing

Rising for foreign investment from China resulting in improved infrastructure and increased trade

How are escarpments and cataracts related?

Rivers flowing over the many plateaus of east Africa plunge over steep cliffs to form large waterfalls

The ____ stretch more than 3,000 miles from New Mexico to Alaska

Rocky Mountains

Which characterizes the primary population pattern of people in East Africa?

Rural

Although not situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula, Denmark is considered part of the cultural region called

Scandinavia

An environmental group that focuses its efforts on preserving and restoring marine and coastal ecosystems particularly in the North Atlantic, Irish Sea, and North Sea is

Seas at risk

Early explorers and settlers of Northern Europe known as Norsemen relied on

Ships of war

One of the Bantu peoples, the___________________, established a city called Great Zimbabwe.

Shona

Because climate change more readily affects temperatures at higher northern latitudes, global warming has had very visible effects in

Siberia

Ethnic Russians today are descendants of ________ farmers and hunters who settled the Northern European Plain in the A.D. 600s.

Slav

The earliest people of Eastern Europe were

Slavs, Germanic, and Celtic

____ is haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from pollutants

Smog

Which part of the transition zone receives the most rainfall?

South

Gabon is the most urbanized country in Equatorial Africa, while ____________________ is the least urbanized

South Sudan

Which pair correctly matches an agricultural crop with the region where it is grown?

Southern France; grapes

The Convention on Trade in Endangered Species has placed all ____________________ species from the Caspian Sea on its list of threatened animals, but poaching remains a problem because their eggs are highly valued.

Sturgeon

Since the 1960s, the population of the Manufacturing Belt has declined while the number of businesses moving to the ____ has increased

Sunbelt

Choose the word or phrase that best paraphrases the definition of the term carrying capacity

Sustainability

Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that were each over 90% Arab, while Israel's population is about 75% Jewish. What can you conclude from this data?

Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that were each over 90% Arab, while Israel's population is about 75% Jewish. What can you conclude from this data

Which water project resulted in the flooding of more than 700 villages, forcing thousands of people to move to new homes?

The Akosombo dam on the Volta river

What is the area between the Pacific Ranges and the Rocky Mountains that often experience the rain shadow effect?

The Columbia Plateau

What economic actions by the European Union have caused political tension among member states?

The EU gave loans and subsidies to some members in Southern Europe, stretching resources and creating resentment among member states.

The Helsinki Convvention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area was groundbreaking because it was first

The Helsinki Convvention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area was groundbreaking because it was first

Which river is known by many names, all of which mean "great river"?

The Niger

What was the series of safe houses that helped thousands of African Americans escape slavery before the Civil War?

The Underground railroad

Why is the industrial area of Poland, eastern Germany, and the Czech Republic called the black triangle?

The burning of coal coats the area with black soot

Why do most people in the eastern Mediterranean live along the coast?

The coastal climate is more moderate than that of inland desert regions, and the land there is more suitable for agriculture due to higher rainfall.

Why has the Russian sturgeon population declined?

The damming of the Volga disrupted sturgeon migration

To create water resources for livestock, boreholes and wells were drilled in areas that were previously unsuitable for livestock. What was the result of this plan?

The new areas attracted larger herds than the area could feed, resulting in overgrazing.

Which of the following statements accurately describes changes in the US economy since the 1950s?

The number of jobs in manufacturing has declined

Which statement about the transition zone's population is true?

The population of the Transition Zone is expected to double between 2020 and 2050

Why were the first factories in the United States located along the fall line in the Northeast?

The waterfalls provided power for factories

Why is the lingua franca of many parts of East Africa, not an indigenous language?

There are many native languages but dominant colonial languages such as English or French were commonly understood by most people and so are still used today

What do the Ruhr district in Germany, the Middle Rhine district in Germany, and the Lorraine-Saar district in France have in common?

They are leading industrial centers

What was the main impact of European colonial powers in East Africa?

They exploited or unfairly took advantage of the peoples and natural resources of the subregion

When European drew colonial boundaries for Africa at the Berlin Conference

They mostly ignored existing African ethnic boundaries

Why is it important to protect wetlands and swamps such as Florida's everglades?

They provide habitats for a great variety of vegetation and wildlife

Which best describes the past and present of bedouin tribes in the Arabian Peninsula?

They used to wander with sheep and goat herds and now mostly live in towns and cities.

As part of the early empire of Mali, ____ became an important center of trade and scholarship

Timbuktu

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884?

To regulate European colonization in Africa

What is the climate in the southern part of West Africa?

Tropical

In Ukraine, which ethnic group forms the majority of the population?

Ukrainians

The European Union has established low-emission zones in Eastern Europe which are areas where

Vehicles with high pollutant emissions are banned

Russia's ________ River is the longest in Europe and is important as a transportation route and source of hydroelectric power.

Volga

During ________, hardships led to worker strikes and protests for "bread and freedom," which eventually triggered the Russian Revolution.

WWI

Southern Europe is a popular destination for tourists because of its ________ summer climate.

Warm, dry

_____ in Northern Europe are causing ice to melt, which endangers land used for traditional herding and farming practices

Warmer temperatures

Which statement about Northwestern Europe is true?

While the majority of people in Northwestern Europe are Christians, most do not practice their faith or attend church regularly.

The Red Sea is getting ____________________ as a result of tectonic activity.

Wider

Which statement about the environmental impact of regional oil and petroleum industries is true?

Winds can blow oil spills toward land and endanger coastal and marine environments.

Generalize the social status trends of woman in the Arab nations of the Eastern Mediterranean

Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, but in some instances and regions, they are slowly gaining more rights.

The ____ Mountains were formed by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian plates

Zagros

Which of the following rivers runs southeast from central Angola to northern Botswana and ends inland?

Zambez

Two of the largest hydroelectric dams in Africa are located on the ____________________ River.

Zambezi

About 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians developed a code of writing as well as

a code of law and system of mathematics

Though people in certain countries are considered west Slavs and in other countries are considered south Slavs, they all have

a common ancestry and root language

The Congo Basin is mostly

a high, mountainous area covered by rain forest

Today, more than one-fourth of Canadians identify themselves as being

a mixed ethnic origins

Which challenge makes it especially difficult to combat desertification in the Transition Zone?

a rapidly growing population

Emissions in the United States can result in ____ in Canada, threatening timber and water resources.

acid rain

_____ is an environmental problem in the United States because it corrodes stone and metal buildings, damages crops, and pollutes the soil.

acid rain

Which action would produce the best results toward combating desertification?

adopting agriculture methods that put less stress on the land

The rich alluvial soils of Mesopotamia supported the development of _____, which led to the growth of villages, and then civilizations

agriculture

Under which category do the terms kibbutz and moshav best fit?

agriculture

Countries in the Arabian Peninsula who rely on "guest" workers have laws of migration that

allow employers to treat migrants poorly

Most of South Africa's land sits at a high ____________________, or distance above sea level

altitude

Despite the end of ____________________, many black South Africans still live in crowded, impoverished townships with poor sanitation

apartheid

Which action have cities in Northwestern Europe taken to combat environmental problems caused by acid rain?

applied acid-resistant coatings to vulnerable buildings and statues

Due to dry conditions, poor soil quality, extremely cold temperatures, and frozen ground, vegetation in the _____ climate is limited.

arctic tundra

What Russian lake holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on Earth?

baikal

The frequent armed conflicts in Equatorial Africa and neighboring countries tend to be primarily

based on ethnic strife

Due to heavy natural resource extraction, Canada's ____ has been shrinking

boreal forest

What type of biome is found in Russia's subarctic?

boreal forest

Deforestation has caused major disruptions to animal and plant ecosystems in the

boreal forests

To reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, countries in the region are

buying farmland overseas and building greenhouses at home

Which of the following is an example of devolution? a. the collapse of the Soviet Union b. the division of Germany following World War II c. the transfer of power granting self-rule to Northern Ireland d. the cessation of hostilities following the end of the Cold War

c

____ is believed to contribute directly to climate change and the rising of the Earth's temperatures

carbon dioxide

scientists believe is directly related to climate change and the rising of Earth's temperature.

carbon dioxide

Rapid population growth poses a danger to the environment of West Africa because it has put pressure on the _____, or the population that an area will support without undergrowing deterioration of the land.

carrying capacity

Millions of tons of pollutants from industrial, household, and agricultural operations are poured into the ____ each year

caspian sea

Grains that are grown for food—such as barley, oats, or wheat—are known as

cereals

The rich, black soil that supports agriculture in the southern part of the Northern European Plain is called

chernozem

Deforestation is a problem in West Africa that is caused primarily by logging and

clearing land for agriculture

The continued extraction of natural resources- particularly coal, oil, and natural gas from the tar sands in Alberta- fuels a growing concern among many people about

climate change

What is a cause of erosion?

climate change

Erosion and deforestation are both caused by

climate change, leading to the loss of vegetation.

The year 1960 was called the "year of independence" in Equatorial Africa because during that year

colonial rule ended

During the Soviet era, the Soviet Union operated as a _______________ in which the government made key economic decisions.

command economy

The Red Sea is an important resource because it

contains an unusually hardy coral reef

Increased trade during the 1300s integrated Northern European countries with mainland Europe, causing Nordic society to become increasingly

continental

The primary reason the Aswān High Dam was built was to

control flooding to safeguard the area's residents.

A primary purpose of restoring work on rivers in Northwestern Europe is to

control floodplain drainage and lessen damage from pollution.

Uzbekistan is one of the world's leading producers and exporter of

cotton

Amnesty International and other human rights organizations are pressuring governments to

crack down on human rights abuses against immigrations

To reduce agriculture's overuse of the region's freshwater,

crops are being developed that need less water, have a higher yield, and can tolerate salt

Agribusiness developed as a result of

declining numbers of farmers.

Greeks in ancient Athens introduced the concept of ________, which has influenced society, politics, and culture around the world.

democracy

Much of Southern Africa's coastal plain along the Atlantic coast is a ____________________ biome

desert

The Kurds living in the mountainous border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran speak

dialects related to persian

Conserns about the damage it might cause to an ecologically pristine enviornment has generated concern about proposals to begin

drilling for oil in the Arctic

The practice and business of recreational travel that considers its impact on the environment is known as

ecotourism

NAFTA has created environmental issues along the Rio Grande by

encouraging rapid industrial growth in the region

South Africa is one of only a few countries in the world that have ____________________ built into their constitutions

environmental rights

The Congo's freshwater meets the Atlantic's salt water in a passage known as a(n)

estuary

The Armenians who live in the Nagorno-Karabakh area of Azerbaijan are an example of an

exclave

Despite foreign loans to help Equatorial African countries to industrialize and their vast deposits of minerals and other resources that could be used in manufacturing, the region's main economic activity remains

farming

What characteristics of the Northern European Plain originally attracted farmers to settle in the area?

fertile soil and abundance of rivers

What is the leading cause of deforestation?

fires caused by the drier and warmer conditions of climate change

Steep-walled inlets, reaching like fingers of water from the sea into coastal mountains, are called

fjords

Some of Canada's leading exports include automobiles, auto parts, crude petroleum, natural gas, and

forestry products

What best describes the spoken languages in Canada?

french and english are the two official languages

Since most people in the countryside in Southern Africa do not live near a major river, the increased use of ____________________ is reducing the amount of water available in the region's

groundwater

The Arabian Peninsula's natural freshwater supply is mostly from

groundwater deep beneath the sandy deserts

Warmer temperatures cause ice to melt in Northern Europe, endangering land used for

herding and farming

Canada is considered a postindustrial society because of its

high level employment in the service selector.

California's Silicon Valley; Seattle, Washington; and Austin, Texas are urban areas that have become leaders in the

high-tech industry

Equatorial Africa is unusual in that it has

hundreds of ethnic groups and hundreds of languages

Iceland has such significant geothermal energy resources that it does not need to use much of its ________ potential.

hydroelectric

The mountainous terrain of Georgia and Kyrgyzstan provides the correct terrain for the countries to rely on and export

hydroelectric power

Why do the plains in Siberia often flood in the spring?

ice in the Arctic Ocean prevents rivers from emptying into the oceans

The primary aim of the Global Water Initiative is to

improve access to clean water and sanitation

Nationalism is a belief

in the right of a nation to be an independent state.

The manufacturing output of North African countries

increased rapidly after the decline of European control.

Despite laws that require gender equality in most Southern African countries, traditional laws often prohibit women from

inheriting property

The actions of ____________________ threaten the stability of the region.

insurgents, al-Qaeda militants, and pirates

The indigenous people of the Canadian Arctic are known as the

inuit

Soil in Iraq has high salinity, which results from heavy _______ in a place where evaporation happens quickly

irrigation

How was geography important to the colonial New England economy?

it had excellent natural harbors and an abundant supply of timber

Why is English widely spoken in Nigeria and the official language?

it was once a British colony

Yugoslavia only existed from the 1940s to the 1990s because

its corrupt government was removed and the territory was absorbed by neighboring countries.

Iran and Iraq joined with several oil-producing neighbors to form OPEC, which agreed to regulate oil production in order to

keep oil prices high

Why are some Eastern Mediterranean economies, such as Syria and Jordan, less developed than others, such Lebanon and especially Israel?

lack of economic diversity, uneven distribution of critical natural resources

The leading cause of emigration among North Africa's population is North Africa's

lack of job opportunities

In general, literacy rates in West Africa are

low compared to most other countries

The Central Uplands are characterized by

low mountains, rolling hills, and high plateaus.

As a whole, the region of Equatorial Africa has the ____________________ on the continent.

lowest population density

What is the topography of the Sahel?

mainly flat with a series of plateaus

To overcome the shortage of freshwater, countries in the region are focusing most on

making seawater drinkable

What practical step could local governments of Eastern Mediterranean countries take to control air pollution?

manage urban development

In exchange for slaves, European traders gave Africans

manufactured goods

Which type of landform is found in regions that may be prone to earthquakes caused by plate tectonic forces?

massif

Because of concern about the damage it could cause to the environment and salmon spawning grounds, environmental groups have demanded strict regulations on ________ in remote Kamchatka.

mining

Though numerous international organizations and NGOs have proposed projects to address environmental problems in the Eastern Mediterranean, they are not taken seriously because

most are underfunded

Which describes a population pattern of the Eastern Mediterranean?

most people live along coastal areas

Which political-historical process led Southern Europe to transition from city-states and ethnic regions into modern countries?

nationalism

The economy of Libya is based on

oil

The ongoing border disputes between Sudan and South Sudan are over who owns

oil-producing areas

What has prevented the proper management of East Africa's natural resources?

overwhelming social problems, including poverty and substandard public health

Dry conditions, poor soil quality, cold temperatures, and frozen ground limit ________ in the arctic tundra regions of Northern Europe.

plant growth

Which of the following describes how South African families who live in poverty spend their leisure time?

play games, sing, and dance

In the late twentieth century, millions of people fled Angola and Mozambique to the relative safety of urban areas due to

poor water quality

The primary reason environmental laws and policies and preserves have not worked to prevent local people from killing animals for ivory and bushmeat is

poverty—the people will do anything to survive

NGO, such as Earthwatch, the Nature Conservancy, and the World Wildlife Fund, are examples of how

private, non-profit groups are attempting to address issues critical to the global environment.

The reasons people leave their country (such as poverty) and enter a country (such as for employment) are referred to as

push and pull factors.

Which is an example of successful human intervention to protect the environment of the eastern mediterranean?

reintroduction and legal protection of the Arabian oryx and its habitat

To complement its reputation as a world leader in its support of humanitarian causes, Finland is open to all beliefs, but it is the only country in the region without an official

religion

The crops grown on plantations under the colonial economic system in Equatorial Africa

remain the primary crops exported by the region today

A wind turbine is a source of _____ energy

renewable

Agriculture in Iraq has been negatively impacted due to soils that have become increasingly

saline

The north and the east of Southern Africa are covered with ____________________—vast grasslands dotted with small stands of trees.

savanna

Why do some North African countries import much of their food?

scarcity of water and arable land

Many economies of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion have been slow to develop due to

scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.

As manufacturing activity declined across Southern Europe over the past 30 years, the ________ sector has increased steadily.

service

Tourism is a major component of Southern Europe's economy. This is an example of the region's increasing dependence on the ________ sector.

services

What is the predominant natural vegetation in areas around the Adratic sea?

shrubland with some woodlands and forests

Though Equatorial Africa has very little large-scale manufacturing or industrialization that could boost international trade and support local economies

small local entrepreneurs have begun successful trading using the Internet

Shifting cultivation practices combined with rapid population growth is stressing land, which can lead to

soil erosion

Much of the oil shipped from the Persian gulf must pass through the

strait of hormuz

Most people in the Transition Zone make their living by

subsistence farming and semi-nomadic herding

Properly managing resources for long term sustainability has been a lower priority in Equatorial Africa than

surviving, as poverty and hunger are more immediate concerns.

Why does most of the agriculture of Southern Europe occur along the coastal plain region?

t has higher amounts of rainfall and rich, sedimentary soil conditions.

The largest, poorest, and perhaps most ethnically diverse and environmentally challenged country in Equatorial Africa is

the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The enslaved peoples' trip from Africa to where they were sold in the Americas was called

the Middle Passage

Which three countries have the highest population densities of countries in Northwestern Europe?

the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom

Habitat loss and poaching are examples of

the Variety of environmental threats East Africa faces

Which region of Eastern Europe has a steppe climate and a grassland biome?

the basin northeast of Black Sea

Followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have a shared belief in

the concept of monotheism.

Which of the following is most likely to encourage the Balkan countries to regulate outdated mining methods and adopt modern tecnologies to reduce pollutants?

the desire to join the European Union

The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires ruled much of Eastern Europe until

the end of WWI

Desalination has limited use in North Africa due to...

the expense of building and maintaining desalination plants.

What are the Great Plains of the United States?

the flat landscape east of the Rocky Mountains

Individual Canadian provinces have been addressing climate change since the national government pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol after

the government failed to meet its goals

Which water body connects the eastern mediterranean nations with the red sea and Indian ocean to the south?

the gulf of Aqaba

Which subregion of Eastern Europe experiences short, mild winters and year-round rain?

the northern Adriatic

Push and pull factors refer to

the reasons people leave and are drawn to the Arabian Peninsula

The greatest environmental challenge facing North Africa's growing population is

the scarcity of water to feed the growing population.

In the savanna of West Africa,

there is a wet season and a dry season

Nomadic Bedouin tribes moved from place to place because

they needed to move their herds from one desert oasis to another

What do Macedonia, Serbia, and Croatia have in common?

they were once part of Yugoslavia

A development project in Turkey known as GAP involves the construction of nearly two dozen along the

tigris and Euphrates rivers

Why did Germany invite guest workers following World War II

to aid economic growth

Cheetahs, lions, and other wildlife roam for part of the year

to find water and vegetation when an area dries up

Removal of which essential elements leads to erosion that can cause desert-like conditions?

topsoil and the vegetation it supports

While some of Southern Africa's rivers are useful for generating electricity, they are not suitable for

transportation

Due to its large land area, the development of Canada's ________ has been essential to the country's economic growth.

transportation systems

The population of ____ areas has been growing, so air pollution in these areas has worsened

urban

In what part of the transition zone are nuclear families rapidly replacing extended families?

urban areas

The Arabian Shield has

volcanic mountains and an escarpment along the west coast

The North Atlantic Current carries ___________ over the coasts and inland to the Northern European Plain

warm moist air

In the next few years, the city of Sanaa in Yemen is expected to run out of

water

The ____________________ industry produces the most soil, air, and water pollution in the region

water desalination

In order for land to be used for industrial, commercial, and agricultural purposes, many of Canada's have been drained

wetlands

The major source of conflict between the two branches of Islam is disagreement over

whether relatives of Muhammad should be his successors