World geography semester 2
About how wide is the transition zone at the widest point?
250 miles
About what percentage of the world's known oil reserves are located in the Middle East and North Africa?
60%
Approximentely what percentage of the populations of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine are ethnically Russian, Belarusian, and Ukrainian?
80%
The permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel is
A group of African countries working to improve food security and manage the region's water, land, and natural resources
Which factor plays the most important role in determining population patterns of East Africa?
Access to freshwater
Which geographic feature played the greatest role in the development of most major cities in Eastern Europe?
Access to navigable water
After September 11, 2001, the United States overthrew the government of
Afghanistan
What is the most populous country in Central Asia?
Afghanistan
Problems with ____ in Iraq raised the concern of US military officials, who worried about the effects on American soldiers stationed there
Air pollution
Which statement about countries during the communist era is true?
Almost no communist countries in Eastern Europe had anti-pollution laws.
The major mountain chains of Southern Europe include the
Alps, Pyrenees, and Apennines.
In 2011 the president of ____________________ signed two presidential decrees in an attempt to improve water quality and reduce damage to the natural environment
Angola
Which mountain range runs along the spine of the Italian Peninsula?
Apennines
To the east of Canada's central region of plains stand the ancient, rounded
Appalachian Mountains
Which of the following is North America's oldest mountain range?
Appalachian Mountains
Despite small amounts of ____________________ land, nearly half the workforce in Central Asia lives by farming.
Arable
Due to high mountains that block moisture from major bodies of water, much of the inland areas of the Northeast experiences which type of climate?
Arid or semi arid
In what two Central Asian countries is the majority of the population Christian?
Armenia and Georgia
The expert _____ weavers of Ghana are known for kente, a brightly colored cloth consisting of bands of fabric sewn together
Ashanti
During the Soviet era, the government actively promoted what set of beliefs?
Atheism
Due to the efforts of concerned citizens and environmental organizations, the most serious polluters of Lake ________ have been closed down and pollution levels have declined in the world's oldest and deepest lake.
Baikal
Among countries in Northwestern Europe, fragmentation due to roads and railways is highest in
Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Automobiles cause less environmental damage than traditional automobiles because they use fuel made from corn and other organic sources
Biofuel
Which of the following is an economic activity characteristic of a postindustrial economy?
Biotechnology
Although most of Central Asia has a dry climate, the winds blowing from the ____________________ create a wetter climate in Western Georgia and the steppes of the Caucasus.
Black Sea
Which two ethnic groups were most affected by ethnic cleansing during the 1990s?
Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims
Except for in ____________________, most Southern African communities do not benefit from mineral and gemstone profits of foreign companies
Botswana
Most of the world's diamonds come from mines near the Witwatersrand, ____________________, and along the coast near the Namibia-South Africa border.
Botswana
The black triangle is an example of an area with high pollution caused by
Burning coal as a power source
How do aqueducts help support California's large population?
By bringing freshwater from far away
Which of the following is an important cash crop- native to Central American and South America- that was introduced to West Africa during the colonial period?
Cacao
A giant core of rock anchoring North America and centered on Hudson Bay and James Bay is
Canadian shield
The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the ____________________ Sea is an agreement that commits bordering countries to reducing agricultural and industrial pollution in that troubled body of water.
Caspian
The ____________________ is the largest inland body of water on Earth.
Caspian Sea
Which of the following is the world's largest inland body of water and is a key fishery that is threatened by pollution?
Caspian Sea
The southern part of the Russia's best agriculture region has rich, black soil called
Chernozems
Which country is heavily investing in East African trade, natural resources, and infrastructure, fundamentally altering the economy of the subregion?
China
The two dominant regions in East Africa are
Christianity and Islam
Because of its location in the high latitudes, the ________ is changing more rapidly in Northern Europe than in most other places in the world.
Climate
Differentiate the climates of coastal and inland sub-regions of Eastern Mediterranean nations.
Coastal subregions have a Mediterranean climate, while inland areas have semi-arid steppe and/or arid desert conditions.
Turkmenistan continues to operate as a ____________________ economy, in which the government owns the land and tells farmers what to grow.
Command
About 3,500 square miles of ____________________ are lost each year
Congo Basin rain forest
Nordic countries became integrated with mainland Europe during the 1300s, which caused the region to become more
Continental
Government _____ is an obstacle to change and economic efficiency in West Africa and has a negative impact on social and economic development, as well as on the environment and resource management.
Corruption
Identify successful actions implemented by some East African governments that have had both environmental and economic benefits
Creating conversation areas in national parks which draw ecotourist
Which environmental issue has been most directly addressed by East African governments?
Deforestation
Which statement about desertification is true?
Desertification is an increasing problem caused by wind, farming, overgrazing, and loss of vegetation.
Due to the mountains' impact on climate, inland western and southern Iraq and eastern and southern Iran are mostly covered by
Deserts
Which statement about the desert regions of North Africa is true?
Droughts have expanded the Sahara.
Why are there so many different types of climates and biomes within the East African subregion?
East Africa covers a wide area of latitudes and has many different elevations
Which country obtains most of its water supplies from surface water?
Egypt
The Arab Spring Movement of 2010-2011 led to new governments being elected in which countries?
Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia
What has been the impact of the international agreement to ban ivory trade worldwide?
Elephants still face extinction because demand for ivory has risen and poaching continues.
Identify the major river that has supported agricultural activities in modern day Syria for nearly 7,000 years?
Euphrates
Which river provides water to all of syria?
Euphrates River
Which is an example of a government effort to protect the environment of Southern Europe?
European Environmental Agency
The Ural Mountains mark the traditional boundary between
European Russia and Siberia Russia
At the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885,
Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders
What geographical factor(s) led to both Christianity and Islam becoming the two most prominent faiths within East Africa today?
Explorers, colonists, and traders had easy access due to East Africa's long Red Sea and Indian Ocean coastlines
The largest sector in East Africa's economy is
Export agriculture
State-supported day care is an example of ________ social welfare policies in the Nordic countries.
Family- friendly
The Kemi river in _________ is harnessed for hydroelectric power, a significant renewable resource
Finland
______ is the only Northern European country without an official religion
Finland
Who has been benefiting most from Equatorial Africa's wealth of petroleum and mineral resources?
Foreign mine owners and corrupt government officials mismanage income and leave the people with little direct benefit
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, which European colonial powers divided the Eastern Mediterranean?
France and Great Britain
Why is French spoken in some countries of North Africa?
France colonized parts of North Africa in the 1800s.
Activists have sought to prevent the destruction of archaeological treasures that would occur if land is flooded for
GAP
Who was the leader of the Mongol forces who invaded Central Asia in the A.D. 1200s?
Genghis Khan
Which country in Northwestern Europe has few natural resources for energy and imports most of its energy needs?
Germany
Which of the following countries in West Africa is named after an early trading empire?
Ghana
Which of the following is true about how countries in Northwestern Europe are addressing environmental issues caused by acid rain?
Governments have focused on both reducing the causes of acid rain and the damage it causes.
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What is one way that growing tourism directly affects the health of the marine life within the Mediterranean ecosystem?
Growing numbers of tourists want to sample local cuisines, especially seafood dishes in coastal areas, resulting in overfishing.
In recent decades, political and economic instability in some nations of Southern Europe was the result of
High national debt and unemployment
Which illustrates an example of how society in Southern Europe has been influenced by rich intellectual traditions established in the Greek and Roman Empires and embraced anew in the Renaissance?
Higher education is increasingly common, and literacy rates are high
How has the European Union promoted trade among member countries, as well as countries such as the United States and China?
How has the European Union promoted trade among member countries, as well as countries such as the United States and China?
Canada is the world's fourth-largest producer of ________, which is an inexpensive source of renewable energy.
Hydroelectric
The tectonically active country that is also the westernmost country in the Northern European sub region is
Iceland
When did North Africa develop an educated middle class and begin following European ideas related to self-rule?
In the 1800s
The runoff of chemicals and waste from ___________ areas nearby adds to the pollution that endangers costal areas, wetlands, and rivers in Northern Europe
Industrialized
the ____ the indigenous people of the Canadian Arctic, were once known as Eskimos.
Inuit
The Persian Empire arose to the east of Mesopotamia, across the Zagros Mountains in present-day ______, before spreading across the region
Iran
A decades-old conflict in Sudan that ended in 2005 was based on a dispute over
Islamic-oriented governments versus secular governments
How has the Aswān High Dam had an adverse effect on human health?
It created new ecosystems in which diseases such as malaria flourished.
Which statement about the Hungarian Plains is true?
It has fertile soil used to grow grains and vegetables.
How did the collapse of the Soviet Union affect the economy of East Germany?
It led to the closure of state-owned factories to worker collectives, which have yet to become profitable
Which is a negative effect of tourism in North Africa?
It requires large quantities of water for swimming pools, hotels, and golf courses.
How did the level of available natural material resources affect industrialization in the US?
It speeded industrialization because the country had abundant and easy access to mineral resources
An example of how the Great Green Wall will help to combat desertification is
It will block desert winds, which dry the soil
One of the legacies of the Transition Zone's colonial past is
Its countries' political boundaries
What type of music developed in the United States during the early 1900s that combined African rhythms with European harmonies?
Jazz
What was an effect of the 1947 UN action to divide the former Ottoman and British colony of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state?
Jews accepted the plan, forming the independent state of Israel, while Arab Palestinians rejected it.
Which religion established the concept of monotheism?
Judaism
In what former Soviet republic has high industrial pollution been linked to increased infant mortality?
Kazakhstan
The testing of nuclear weapons has led to serious health and environmental problems in the former Soviet republic of
Kazakhstan
______ populations in Syria, Turkey, and Iran continue to push for more political autonomy and a country of their own
Kurdish
Which example directly relates an economic development issue with an environmental issue?
Lack of infrastructure means many people must use wood because they don't have access to electricity resulting in deforestation
What is the largest city in Africa?
Lagos, Nigeria
______ has been shrinking due to drought, desertification, climate change, and the damming of rivers.
Lake Chad
Which of the following is a human-made lake that was created by damming a river and flooding some 700 villages?
Lake Volta
Identify the Eastern Mediterranean nation whose mountainous terrain most extensively affects population distribution and economic activities.
Lebanon
Which country has underground reservoirs of water that were discovered in the mid-1950s?
Libya
The Eastern European countries that benefited from foreign investments shortly after the fall of commumism were countries
Located near Western Europe
The body of water that flows from the Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean, draining much of Canada's northern interior, is called the
Mackenzie river
Around A.D. 800, a small group of people sailed in outrigger canoes from islands in Southeast Asia to
Madagascar
The lagoons and ___ swamps are important parts of the coastal ecosystem of West Africa because they provide food and shelter for fish, shellfish, mollusks, wildfowl, and marine mammals.
Mangrove
When does most rainfall in the Transition Zone?
May to August
Which body of water separates Africa from Europe
Mediterranean Sea
Dumping waste directly in the sea is common in countries that border the
Mediterranean Sea.
What major river flows some 2,350 miles from its source in Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico, making it an important route for trade?
Mississippi River
How have countries in the Arabian Peninsula managed freshwater, their most precious resource?
Most have drawn too heavily from aquifers and wasted it with poor irrigation methods
Which characteristic protected the Balkan Peninsula from invaders, allowing the Slavic people in the area to create independent states?
Mountainous terrain
When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, they encountered resistance from ____________________, or Islamic guerrilla fighters.
Mujahideen
What historical effect did East Africa's access to the red sea and the Indian Ocean have on the subregion that still influences its society to this day?
Multiculturalism
Today the majority of people living in the Northeast region are
Muslium
The ____ river is the main river of West Africa and an important commercial shipping route.
Niger
Which country has some of the world's largest deposits of uranium, as well as oil, gold, and coal?
Niger
What is the only West African country that belongs to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)?
Nigeria
Would a period of heavy rainfall help the transition zone combat desertification?
No, because the ground is too dry to absorb the water.
Which of the following very active fault lines is about 750 miles (1200 km) in length and extends across much of Turkey?
North Anatolian
A broad lowland area north of the Carpathians covering most of Poland and many Baltic countries is the
Northern European Plain
In what area does the majority of Russian population live?
Northern European Plain
_______ is not a member of the European Union, but it has attracted numerous international workers to petroleum exploration processing.
Norway
In Central Asia, some farming takes place on ____________________, or areas where underground water naturally comes to the surface.
Oases
Two wildlife areas on either side of the ____________________ River recently joined with each other and with several sanctuaries in Zimbabwe to provide a safe haven for various species
Okavango
What effect did the 2008 economic downturn in the united states have on the global economy?
Other countries also suffered financial problems
How are overgrazing and desertification related?
Overgrazing is a cause of desertification
Which human-caused problem is most directly related to exceeding an area's carrying capacity?
Overpopulation
What ethnic group is the dominant political group in Afghanistan?
Pashtun
In Central Asia, many people practice ____________________, or the raising and grazing of livestock.
Pastoralism
Countries along the ____________________ coast are among the most desertified on the Arabian Peninsula
Persian Gulf
Overuse of fertilizers and ________ has polluted farmland and water in much of Russia.
Pesticides
The ____________________ industry provides significant wealth to most nations in the region.
Petroleum
Most of Southern Africa's landforms consist of ____________________ and highlands.
Plateaus
Which is a factor that has contributed to the lack of proper management of natural resources within East Africa?
Poverty
The Congo's first inhabitants, the Mbuti, who were once known as ____________________, still live in the region today
Pygmies
Which period saw a resurgence of the arts and culture in Europe during the 1300s after a long period of decline?
Renaissance
Identify a way the economy of East Africa is changing
Rising for foreign investment from China resulting in improved infrastructure and increased trade
How are escarpments and cataracts related?
Rivers flowing over the many plateaus of east Africa plunge over steep cliffs to form large waterfalls
The ____ stretch more than 3,000 miles from New Mexico to Alaska
Rocky Mountains
Which characterizes the primary population pattern of people in East Africa?
Rural
Although not situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula, Denmark is considered part of the cultural region called
Scandinavia
An environmental group that focuses its efforts on preserving and restoring marine and coastal ecosystems particularly in the North Atlantic, Irish Sea, and North Sea is
Seas at risk
Early explorers and settlers of Northern Europe known as Norsemen relied on
Ships of war
One of the Bantu peoples, the___________________, established a city called Great Zimbabwe.
Shona
Because climate change more readily affects temperatures at higher northern latitudes, global warming has had very visible effects in
Siberia
Ethnic Russians today are descendants of ________ farmers and hunters who settled the Northern European Plain in the A.D. 600s.
Slav
The earliest people of Eastern Europe were
Slavs, Germanic, and Celtic
____ is haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from pollutants
Smog
Which part of the transition zone receives the most rainfall?
South
Gabon is the most urbanized country in Equatorial Africa, while ____________________ is the least urbanized
South Sudan
Which pair correctly matches an agricultural crop with the region where it is grown?
Southern France; grapes
The Convention on Trade in Endangered Species has placed all ____________________ species from the Caspian Sea on its list of threatened animals, but poaching remains a problem because their eggs are highly valued.
Sturgeon
Since the 1960s, the population of the Manufacturing Belt has declined while the number of businesses moving to the ____ has increased
Sunbelt
Choose the word or phrase that best paraphrases the definition of the term carrying capacity
Sustainability
Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that were each over 90% Arab, while Israel's population is about 75% Jewish. What can you conclude from this data?
Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that were each over 90% Arab, while Israel's population is about 75% Jewish. What can you conclude from this data
Which water project resulted in the flooding of more than 700 villages, forcing thousands of people to move to new homes?
The Akosombo dam on the Volta river
What is the area between the Pacific Ranges and the Rocky Mountains that often experience the rain shadow effect?
The Columbia Plateau
What economic actions by the European Union have caused political tension among member states?
The EU gave loans and subsidies to some members in Southern Europe, stretching resources and creating resentment among member states.
The Helsinki Convvention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area was groundbreaking because it was first
The Helsinki Convvention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area was groundbreaking because it was first
Which river is known by many names, all of which mean "great river"?
The Niger
What was the series of safe houses that helped thousands of African Americans escape slavery before the Civil War?
The Underground railroad
Why is the industrial area of Poland, eastern Germany, and the Czech Republic called the black triangle?
The burning of coal coats the area with black soot
Why do most people in the eastern Mediterranean live along the coast?
The coastal climate is more moderate than that of inland desert regions, and the land there is more suitable for agriculture due to higher rainfall.
Why has the Russian sturgeon population declined?
The damming of the Volga disrupted sturgeon migration
To create water resources for livestock, boreholes and wells were drilled in areas that were previously unsuitable for livestock. What was the result of this plan?
The new areas attracted larger herds than the area could feed, resulting in overgrazing.
Which of the following statements accurately describes changes in the US economy since the 1950s?
The number of jobs in manufacturing has declined
Which statement about the transition zone's population is true?
The population of the Transition Zone is expected to double between 2020 and 2050
Why were the first factories in the United States located along the fall line in the Northeast?
The waterfalls provided power for factories
Why is the lingua franca of many parts of East Africa, not an indigenous language?
There are many native languages but dominant colonial languages such as English or French were commonly understood by most people and so are still used today
What do the Ruhr district in Germany, the Middle Rhine district in Germany, and the Lorraine-Saar district in France have in common?
They are leading industrial centers
What was the main impact of European colonial powers in East Africa?
They exploited or unfairly took advantage of the peoples and natural resources of the subregion
When European drew colonial boundaries for Africa at the Berlin Conference
They mostly ignored existing African ethnic boundaries
Why is it important to protect wetlands and swamps such as Florida's everglades?
They provide habitats for a great variety of vegetation and wildlife
Which best describes the past and present of bedouin tribes in the Arabian Peninsula?
They used to wander with sheep and goat herds and now mostly live in towns and cities.
As part of the early empire of Mali, ____ became an important center of trade and scholarship
Timbuktu
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884?
To regulate European colonization in Africa
What is the climate in the southern part of West Africa?
Tropical
In Ukraine, which ethnic group forms the majority of the population?
Ukrainians
The European Union has established low-emission zones in Eastern Europe which are areas where
Vehicles with high pollutant emissions are banned
Russia's ________ River is the longest in Europe and is important as a transportation route and source of hydroelectric power.
Volga
During ________, hardships led to worker strikes and protests for "bread and freedom," which eventually triggered the Russian Revolution.
WWI
Southern Europe is a popular destination for tourists because of its ________ summer climate.
Warm, dry
_____ in Northern Europe are causing ice to melt, which endangers land used for traditional herding and farming practices
Warmer temperatures
Which statement about Northwestern Europe is true?
While the majority of people in Northwestern Europe are Christians, most do not practice their faith or attend church regularly.
The Red Sea is getting ____________________ as a result of tectonic activity.
Wider
Which statement about the environmental impact of regional oil and petroleum industries is true?
Winds can blow oil spills toward land and endanger coastal and marine environments.
Generalize the social status trends of woman in the Arab nations of the Eastern Mediterranean
Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, but in some instances and regions, they are slowly gaining more rights.
The ____ Mountains were formed by the collision of the Eurasian and Arabian plates
Zagros
Which of the following rivers runs southeast from central Angola to northern Botswana and ends inland?
Zambez
Two of the largest hydroelectric dams in Africa are located on the ____________________ River.
Zambezi
About 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians developed a code of writing as well as
a code of law and system of mathematics
Though people in certain countries are considered west Slavs and in other countries are considered south Slavs, they all have
a common ancestry and root language
The Congo Basin is mostly
a high, mountainous area covered by rain forest
Today, more than one-fourth of Canadians identify themselves as being
a mixed ethnic origins
Which challenge makes it especially difficult to combat desertification in the Transition Zone?
a rapidly growing population
Emissions in the United States can result in ____ in Canada, threatening timber and water resources.
acid rain
_____ is an environmental problem in the United States because it corrodes stone and metal buildings, damages crops, and pollutes the soil.
acid rain
Which action would produce the best results toward combating desertification?
adopting agriculture methods that put less stress on the land
The rich alluvial soils of Mesopotamia supported the development of _____, which led to the growth of villages, and then civilizations
agriculture
Under which category do the terms kibbutz and moshav best fit?
agriculture
Countries in the Arabian Peninsula who rely on "guest" workers have laws of migration that
allow employers to treat migrants poorly
Most of South Africa's land sits at a high ____________________, or distance above sea level
altitude
Despite the end of ____________________, many black South Africans still live in crowded, impoverished townships with poor sanitation
apartheid
Which action have cities in Northwestern Europe taken to combat environmental problems caused by acid rain?
applied acid-resistant coatings to vulnerable buildings and statues
Due to dry conditions, poor soil quality, extremely cold temperatures, and frozen ground, vegetation in the _____ climate is limited.
arctic tundra
What Russian lake holds one-fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on Earth?
baikal
The frequent armed conflicts in Equatorial Africa and neighboring countries tend to be primarily
based on ethnic strife
Due to heavy natural resource extraction, Canada's ____ has been shrinking
boreal forest
What type of biome is found in Russia's subarctic?
boreal forest
Deforestation has caused major disruptions to animal and plant ecosystems in the
boreal forests
To reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, countries in the region are
buying farmland overseas and building greenhouses at home
Which of the following is an example of devolution? a. the collapse of the Soviet Union b. the division of Germany following World War II c. the transfer of power granting self-rule to Northern Ireland d. the cessation of hostilities following the end of the Cold War
c
____ is believed to contribute directly to climate change and the rising of the Earth's temperatures
carbon dioxide
scientists believe is directly related to climate change and the rising of Earth's temperature.
carbon dioxide
Rapid population growth poses a danger to the environment of West Africa because it has put pressure on the _____, or the population that an area will support without undergrowing deterioration of the land.
carrying capacity
Millions of tons of pollutants from industrial, household, and agricultural operations are poured into the ____ each year
caspian sea
Grains that are grown for food—such as barley, oats, or wheat—are known as
cereals
The rich, black soil that supports agriculture in the southern part of the Northern European Plain is called
chernozem
Deforestation is a problem in West Africa that is caused primarily by logging and
clearing land for agriculture
The continued extraction of natural resources- particularly coal, oil, and natural gas from the tar sands in Alberta- fuels a growing concern among many people about
climate change
What is a cause of erosion?
climate change
Erosion and deforestation are both caused by
climate change, leading to the loss of vegetation.
The year 1960 was called the "year of independence" in Equatorial Africa because during that year
colonial rule ended
During the Soviet era, the Soviet Union operated as a _______________ in which the government made key economic decisions.
command economy
The Red Sea is an important resource because it
contains an unusually hardy coral reef
Increased trade during the 1300s integrated Northern European countries with mainland Europe, causing Nordic society to become increasingly
continental
The primary reason the Aswān High Dam was built was to
control flooding to safeguard the area's residents.
A primary purpose of restoring work on rivers in Northwestern Europe is to
control floodplain drainage and lessen damage from pollution.
Uzbekistan is one of the world's leading producers and exporter of
cotton
Amnesty International and other human rights organizations are pressuring governments to
crack down on human rights abuses against immigrations
To reduce agriculture's overuse of the region's freshwater,
crops are being developed that need less water, have a higher yield, and can tolerate salt
Agribusiness developed as a result of
declining numbers of farmers.
Greeks in ancient Athens introduced the concept of ________, which has influenced society, politics, and culture around the world.
democracy
Much of Southern Africa's coastal plain along the Atlantic coast is a ____________________ biome
desert
The Kurds living in the mountainous border areas of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran speak
dialects related to persian
Conserns about the damage it might cause to an ecologically pristine enviornment has generated concern about proposals to begin
drilling for oil in the Arctic
The practice and business of recreational travel that considers its impact on the environment is known as
ecotourism
NAFTA has created environmental issues along the Rio Grande by
encouraging rapid industrial growth in the region
South Africa is one of only a few countries in the world that have ____________________ built into their constitutions
environmental rights
The Congo's freshwater meets the Atlantic's salt water in a passage known as a(n)
estuary
The Armenians who live in the Nagorno-Karabakh area of Azerbaijan are an example of an
exclave
Despite foreign loans to help Equatorial African countries to industrialize and their vast deposits of minerals and other resources that could be used in manufacturing, the region's main economic activity remains
farming
What characteristics of the Northern European Plain originally attracted farmers to settle in the area?
fertile soil and abundance of rivers
What is the leading cause of deforestation?
fires caused by the drier and warmer conditions of climate change
Steep-walled inlets, reaching like fingers of water from the sea into coastal mountains, are called
fjords
Some of Canada's leading exports include automobiles, auto parts, crude petroleum, natural gas, and
forestry products
What best describes the spoken languages in Canada?
french and english are the two official languages
Since most people in the countryside in Southern Africa do not live near a major river, the increased use of ____________________ is reducing the amount of water available in the region's
groundwater
The Arabian Peninsula's natural freshwater supply is mostly from
groundwater deep beneath the sandy deserts
Warmer temperatures cause ice to melt in Northern Europe, endangering land used for
herding and farming
Canada is considered a postindustrial society because of its
high level employment in the service selector.
California's Silicon Valley; Seattle, Washington; and Austin, Texas are urban areas that have become leaders in the
high-tech industry
Equatorial Africa is unusual in that it has
hundreds of ethnic groups and hundreds of languages
Iceland has such significant geothermal energy resources that it does not need to use much of its ________ potential.
hydroelectric
The mountainous terrain of Georgia and Kyrgyzstan provides the correct terrain for the countries to rely on and export
hydroelectric power
Why do the plains in Siberia often flood in the spring?
ice in the Arctic Ocean prevents rivers from emptying into the oceans
The primary aim of the Global Water Initiative is to
improve access to clean water and sanitation
Nationalism is a belief
in the right of a nation to be an independent state.
The manufacturing output of North African countries
increased rapidly after the decline of European control.
Despite laws that require gender equality in most Southern African countries, traditional laws often prohibit women from
inheriting property
The actions of ____________________ threaten the stability of the region.
insurgents, al-Qaeda militants, and pirates
The indigenous people of the Canadian Arctic are known as the
inuit
Soil in Iraq has high salinity, which results from heavy _______ in a place where evaporation happens quickly
irrigation
How was geography important to the colonial New England economy?
it had excellent natural harbors and an abundant supply of timber
Why is English widely spoken in Nigeria and the official language?
it was once a British colony
Yugoslavia only existed from the 1940s to the 1990s because
its corrupt government was removed and the territory was absorbed by neighboring countries.
Iran and Iraq joined with several oil-producing neighbors to form OPEC, which agreed to regulate oil production in order to
keep oil prices high
Why are some Eastern Mediterranean economies, such as Syria and Jordan, less developed than others, such Lebanon and especially Israel?
lack of economic diversity, uneven distribution of critical natural resources
The leading cause of emigration among North Africa's population is North Africa's
lack of job opportunities
In general, literacy rates in West Africa are
low compared to most other countries
The Central Uplands are characterized by
low mountains, rolling hills, and high plateaus.
As a whole, the region of Equatorial Africa has the ____________________ on the continent.
lowest population density
What is the topography of the Sahel?
mainly flat with a series of plateaus
To overcome the shortage of freshwater, countries in the region are focusing most on
making seawater drinkable
What practical step could local governments of Eastern Mediterranean countries take to control air pollution?
manage urban development
In exchange for slaves, European traders gave Africans
manufactured goods
Which type of landform is found in regions that may be prone to earthquakes caused by plate tectonic forces?
massif
Because of concern about the damage it could cause to the environment and salmon spawning grounds, environmental groups have demanded strict regulations on ________ in remote Kamchatka.
mining
Though numerous international organizations and NGOs have proposed projects to address environmental problems in the Eastern Mediterranean, they are not taken seriously because
most are underfunded
Which describes a population pattern of the Eastern Mediterranean?
most people live along coastal areas
Which political-historical process led Southern Europe to transition from city-states and ethnic regions into modern countries?
nationalism
The economy of Libya is based on
oil
The ongoing border disputes between Sudan and South Sudan are over who owns
oil-producing areas
What has prevented the proper management of East Africa's natural resources?
overwhelming social problems, including poverty and substandard public health
Dry conditions, poor soil quality, cold temperatures, and frozen ground limit ________ in the arctic tundra regions of Northern Europe.
plant growth
Which of the following describes how South African families who live in poverty spend their leisure time?
play games, sing, and dance
In the late twentieth century, millions of people fled Angola and Mozambique to the relative safety of urban areas due to
poor water quality
The primary reason environmental laws and policies and preserves have not worked to prevent local people from killing animals for ivory and bushmeat is
poverty—the people will do anything to survive
NGO, such as Earthwatch, the Nature Conservancy, and the World Wildlife Fund, are examples of how
private, non-profit groups are attempting to address issues critical to the global environment.
The reasons people leave their country (such as poverty) and enter a country (such as for employment) are referred to as
push and pull factors.
Which is an example of successful human intervention to protect the environment of the eastern mediterranean?
reintroduction and legal protection of the Arabian oryx and its habitat
To complement its reputation as a world leader in its support of humanitarian causes, Finland is open to all beliefs, but it is the only country in the region without an official
religion
The crops grown on plantations under the colonial economic system in Equatorial Africa
remain the primary crops exported by the region today
A wind turbine is a source of _____ energy
renewable
Agriculture in Iraq has been negatively impacted due to soils that have become increasingly
saline
The north and the east of Southern Africa are covered with ____________________—vast grasslands dotted with small stands of trees.
savanna
Why do some North African countries import much of their food?
scarcity of water and arable land
Many economies of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion have been slow to develop due to
scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.
As manufacturing activity declined across Southern Europe over the past 30 years, the ________ sector has increased steadily.
service
Tourism is a major component of Southern Europe's economy. This is an example of the region's increasing dependence on the ________ sector.
services
What is the predominant natural vegetation in areas around the Adratic sea?
shrubland with some woodlands and forests
Though Equatorial Africa has very little large-scale manufacturing or industrialization that could boost international trade and support local economies
small local entrepreneurs have begun successful trading using the Internet
Shifting cultivation practices combined with rapid population growth is stressing land, which can lead to
soil erosion
Much of the oil shipped from the Persian gulf must pass through the
strait of hormuz
Most people in the Transition Zone make their living by
subsistence farming and semi-nomadic herding
Properly managing resources for long term sustainability has been a lower priority in Equatorial Africa than
surviving, as poverty and hunger are more immediate concerns.
Why does most of the agriculture of Southern Europe occur along the coastal plain region?
t has higher amounts of rainfall and rich, sedimentary soil conditions.
The largest, poorest, and perhaps most ethnically diverse and environmentally challenged country in Equatorial Africa is
the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The enslaved peoples' trip from Africa to where they were sold in the Americas was called
the Middle Passage
Which three countries have the highest population densities of countries in Northwestern Europe?
the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom
Habitat loss and poaching are examples of
the Variety of environmental threats East Africa faces
Which region of Eastern Europe has a steppe climate and a grassland biome?
the basin northeast of Black Sea
Followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have a shared belief in
the concept of monotheism.
Which of the following is most likely to encourage the Balkan countries to regulate outdated mining methods and adopt modern tecnologies to reduce pollutants?
the desire to join the European Union
The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires ruled much of Eastern Europe until
the end of WWI
Desalination has limited use in North Africa due to...
the expense of building and maintaining desalination plants.
What are the Great Plains of the United States?
the flat landscape east of the Rocky Mountains
Individual Canadian provinces have been addressing climate change since the national government pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol after
the government failed to meet its goals
Which water body connects the eastern mediterranean nations with the red sea and Indian ocean to the south?
the gulf of Aqaba
Which subregion of Eastern Europe experiences short, mild winters and year-round rain?
the northern Adriatic
Push and pull factors refer to
the reasons people leave and are drawn to the Arabian Peninsula
The greatest environmental challenge facing North Africa's growing population is
the scarcity of water to feed the growing population.
In the savanna of West Africa,
there is a wet season and a dry season
Nomadic Bedouin tribes moved from place to place because
they needed to move their herds from one desert oasis to another
What do Macedonia, Serbia, and Croatia have in common?
they were once part of Yugoslavia
A development project in Turkey known as GAP involves the construction of nearly two dozen along the
tigris and Euphrates rivers
Why did Germany invite guest workers following World War II
to aid economic growth
Cheetahs, lions, and other wildlife roam for part of the year
to find water and vegetation when an area dries up
Removal of which essential elements leads to erosion that can cause desert-like conditions?
topsoil and the vegetation it supports
While some of Southern Africa's rivers are useful for generating electricity, they are not suitable for
transportation
Due to its large land area, the development of Canada's ________ has been essential to the country's economic growth.
transportation systems
The population of ____ areas has been growing, so air pollution in these areas has worsened
urban
In what part of the transition zone are nuclear families rapidly replacing extended families?
urban areas
The Arabian Shield has
volcanic mountains and an escarpment along the west coast
The North Atlantic Current carries ___________ over the coasts and inland to the Northern European Plain
warm moist air
In the next few years, the city of Sanaa in Yemen is expected to run out of
water
The ____________________ industry produces the most soil, air, and water pollution in the region
water desalination
In order for land to be used for industrial, commercial, and agricultural purposes, many of Canada's have been drained
wetlands
The major source of conflict between the two branches of Islam is disagreement over
whether relatives of Muhammad should be his successors
