ZO 333

Sumatran orangutans, Pongo abelii, are covered under which of the following? Select all that apply Select one or more: a. CITES b. Migratory Bird Act c. The Lacey Act d. None of these answers are correct e. Animal Welfare Act f. All answers are correct g. Convention of Migratory Species

a, c, e

Which of the following laws, enacted in 2003, seeks to better regulate private ownership of big cats? Select one: a. Captive Wildlife Safety Act b. Animal Welfare Act - amendment c. Endangered Species Act d. Lacey Act - Injurious species clause e. Big Cat Protection Act

a. Captive Wildlife Safety Act

Which of these animals are covered by the AWA? Select one or more: a. All mice b. All apes c. None of these animals are covered. d. All reptiles e. All birds f. All invertebrates g. All whales

b,g

Which of the following is not one of the Five Freedoms used today? Select one or more: a. Freedom from fear and distress b. Freedom to engage in all species typical behaviors. c. Freedom from thirst, hunger, or malnutrition d. Freedom from discomfort e. Freedom from boredom

b. Freedom to engage in all species typical behaviors. e. Freedom from boredom

In a captive animal setting, who does the veterinarian serve? Select one or more: a. Animal caretakers b. The animals c. Facility donors d. The public

All

The zoo veterinary program is responsible for which of the following: Select all that apply Select one or more: a. Animal shipments b. Management of zoonosis c. Euthanasia d. Sanitation and disinfection

All

Which of the following can be effective means of determining reproductive status in animals? Select one or more: a. Behavior b. Cytological changes c. Hormone profiles d. Changes in physical appearance e. Season

All

What is Conway's suggestion for future zoo exhibit design and why is it relevant?

Conway suggests that future exhibits should be designed while keeping in mind that they are "species preservation units." Meaning the main goal in future zoo design/renovation needs to be sustainability, not entertainment. This means there needs to be more space for specific species in order to sustain the population for years to come.

A certain allele which is not common in the localized population becomes more common in the captive population due to a particular individual possessing this allele being better fit for captive breeding. This phenomena is referred to as bottle necking. Select one: True False

False

Temporal predictability often improves animals' welfare status. Select one: True False

False

Discuss differences in attitude between the Greeks and Romans with respect to captive animal uses.

Greeks revered animals and kept large collections of them. They held parades that went all day with animals from various different taxonomies. They kept these animals for study and enlightenment and referred to these collections as "menageries." Romans, however, did not value the lives of animals and kept large collections of them for slaughter to celebrate military honors. They often killed large populations of wild animals for gladiatorial purposes. This caused some of these animals to go extinct in certain areas.

Briefly explain Hutchin's suggestion on how zoos could handle growing concerns about animal welfare and rights. Explain whether or not you agree.

Hutchins argues that zoos could ensure that all practices are aligning with the psychological and physical needs of its animals. He believes they should take ethical issues seriously and do their best to consider what is best for the animals rather than what is profitable. Otherwise, the rapidly growing populations of animal welfare and rights groups will lead to a decrease in public support of zoos. I agree wholeheartedly, as I believe that animals are not here purely for our amusement and manipulation. If we are going to keep them captive, we need to at least cater to them the best we can.

A clownfish is introduced to a new tank where visitors are able to tap the glass. Upon the first few experiences with this tapping the fish darts under a rock, but eventually become unaffected by the tapping on the glass. This is an example of habituation. Select one: True False

True

A veterinary technician can maintain the veterinary treatment facility as long as under the supervision of a licenced veterinarian. Select one: True False

True

Capping giraffe feeders is very effective in prevention or reduction of oral stereotypies in giraffe. Select one: True False

True

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted from the hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Select one: True False

True

Hybrid science and nature centers are the most common captive animal facilities being built today.

True

Novelty can increase or decrease an animal's welfare status depending on how that individual animal reacts to it. Select one: True False

True

Some stressors are important ecological or biological cues. A lack of stimulated stress can itself present a source of distress Select one: True False

True

The AZA requires a welfare plan in place for animals housed at accredited institutions. Select one: True False

True

The Public Health Service Act regulates turtles, psitticine birds, rodents, bats and primates. Select one: True False

True

Training could result in genetic changes in animal populations. Select one: True False

True

Well-being is the condition in which animals experience good health, can effectively cope with their environment and express a diversity of species typical behaviors Select one: True False

True

How would you attempt to respectfully discuss the case for NOT closing zoos with the article's author? I realize we are at the beginning of the semester here, but what are your arguments?

Zoos are a unique system in which animal exhibitions can be used to help sustain populations or raise money for the natural habitats of animals. They allow more people to understand animals and they help create a desire to give money to help with sustainability efforts. Zoos are also a great way for people to become closer to animals and have hands-on learning experiences. That way for some, it is less likely they will be as quick to dismiss animals as useless in the future.

Why are zoos making the choice to phase out some species? What conservation benefit does this have and how important is it for zoos to communicate this to the public?

Zoos are choosing to phase out certain species because some species' wild populations are not being threatened, and their presence at zoos is purely for entertainment. Being that there is limited space for zoo enclosures, zoos are having to decide which species desperately need to be saved, and which species need to be phased out. Unfortunately, some of the most popular exhibits at many zoos consist of species who are not in danger. So zoos are faced with the decision to either keep these exhibits and give the public what they want or make room for species who are actually in danger. It is essential that zoos communicate this with the public by shifting focus from entertainment to education and sustainability.

CITES is an international treaty that regulates: Select one: a. Exhibition of animals from other countries in zoos. b. Trade of covered animal and plant species between countries. c. International transport of known disease vector animals. d. International transport of potentially injurious species.

b. Trade of covered animal and plant species between countries.

When a disadvantageous phenotype is unintentionally perpetuated in the captive population, this is called: Select one: a. founder effect b. relaxation of selection c. bottleneck effect d. artificial selection e. natural selection

b. relaxation of selection

Even healthy elephants are expensive to house in zoos. The cost associated with treating TB in elephants is considerably higher. If the current population is unsustainable at current levels, should zoos even bother to treat TB positive elephants or should they allocate those monetary resources to reproduction and population sustainability?

believe that zoos should do their best to ensure the health and safety of every animal, no matter the cost. I understand that may sound naive but zoos are fully aware of the risks of housing certain animals when they choose to do it. By still choosing to move forward in that decision, they are agreeing to protect that animal because it is under their responsibility. However, I would also say that if there seems to be no other option and the animal is beginning to suffer, it should be put out of its misery. At that point, keeping it alive any longer is selfish.

Niko Tinbergen recognized that there can be several different answers when asking why an animal preforms a particular behavior. He identified four different 'whys' that give us different perspectives on animals behaviour. What are the Tinbergen's 'Four Whys?' Select one or more: a. When did the behaviour first appear? b. How do conspecifics interpret the behaviour? c. What is the cause of the behaviour? d. What is the course of the development of the behaviour? e. What is the function of the behavior? f. How does the behaviour effect the animals health? g. How did the behaviour evolve?

c,d,e,g

Which of the following zoos were adversely affected by WWII? a. London Zoo b. Berlin Zoo c. All of these zoos were adversely affected by WWII. d. Warsaw Zoo e. Paris Zoo

c. All of these zoos were adversely afffected by WWII.

Which of the following is not part of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection: Select one: a. Within this localized area, resources are limited. b. Those individuals that better utilize available resources will be more likely to reproduce and over time their offspring will represent a greater proportion of the population. c. Individuals in the population are equally suited at taking advantage of the available resources. d. Individuals within a localized species population vary.

c. Individuals in the population are equally suited at taking advantage of the available resources.

What type of diet is this animal adapted for? Select one: a. None of the diets b. herbivorous c. carnivorous d. piscivorous e. omnivorous

c. carnivorous

The typically small number of individuals that make up the first captive specimens of a particular species population could be described as: Select one: a. Reccesive b. A bottleneck c. Micropopulation d. Founder stock e. Metapopulation

d. Founder stock

A fish is placed into a new tank and initially stays towards the back of the tank, away from the viewing window. Within a few days, the fish aften swims within a few inches of the window. Which kind of learning has taken place? Select one or more: a. Species-typical behaviour b. Classical conditioning c. None of these answers are correct. d. Habituation e. Imprinting f. Positive reinforcement

d. Habituation

Which of the following is not true with respect to Jumbo's story? a. He died while in P.T. Barnum's circus. b. He was beloved by Great Britain. c. After traveling from Africa, he began his captive life at the Paris Zoo. d. He was the first Asian elephant to be displayed in a Western zoo.

d. He was the first Asian elephant to be displayed in a Western zoo.

Which of the following are major ethical issues for zoos? Select one or more: a. Determining best matches for genetic diversity b. Deciding on in situ conservation strategies c. Creating nutritional management plans d. How to manage surplus animals e. Making decisions about euthanasia

d. How to manage surplus animals e. Making decisions about euthanasia

Which of the following describes fuel that is absorbed and metabolized by the animal? Select one: a. NE b. GE c. DE d. ME

d. ME

A low ranking chimpanzee learns to recognize behaviors of his keeper and position himself in an ideal location to quickly gather and eat the enrichment treats being tossed into the exhibit. What type of learning is this? Select one: a. Imprinting b. None of these answers are correct c. Classical conditioning d. Operant conditioning e. Habituation

d. Operant conditioning

Teaching an animal to target is what type of learning? Select one: a. Classical conditioning b. Imprinting c. None of these d. Operant conditioning e. Habituation

d. Operant conditioning

Which of the following diseases first showed up in the US in 1999 and was observed at zoos in the northeast? Select one: a. Avian influenza b. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy c. Salmonella d. West Nile Virus e. Campylobactor

d. West Nile Virus

Which of the following is the main kind of training style used in zoos and aquariums? Select one: a. Negative punishment b. All are used equally. c. Negative reinforcement d. Positive punishment e. Positive reinforcement

e. Positive reinforcement