Zoology Acoelomate, Molusca, Annelida quiz

The outer body covering of a nematode is a relatively thick, noncellular cuticle, which is constructed primarily of a protein known as collagen.

True

The paired appendages used for locomotion in polychaetes are called parapodia

True

The pseudocoel is derived from the embryonic blastocoel

True

The pulmonate snails lack gills, and their mantle cavity functions in an analogous fashion to a lung

True

The repeated reproductive units of tapeworms are known as proglottids

True

The tongue-like, rasping organ in the head of most molluscs is the radula.

True

The traditionally accepted class Turbellaria is paraphyletic because some ectolecithal turbellarians should be allied with tematodes, monogeneans, and cestodes in a sister group.

True

Torsion in gastropods caused the mantle cavity and the organs it contained to lie above the head

True

Trematodes have a body covering known as a tegument

True

Turbellarians have light-sensitive organs called ocelli

True

Turbellarians have rod-shaped rhabdites in the epidermis which produce mucous.

True

When earthworms mate, the clitellum secretes mucus to hold them together.

True

With respect to obtaining food, most clams and related organisms can be described as suspension feeders

True

A pseudocoelom allows for which of the following? A. Greater freedom of movement B. Space for development and differentiation of digestive, excretory and reproductive systems C. A simple means of circulation D. A storage place for waste products to be discharged to the outside E. All of the above are true.

E (all of the above are true)

Rotifers have a unique ciliated crown known as the corona

True

Since flatworms lack a coelom or a pseudocoel, they are termed acoelomate animals.

True

The Onychophora and Tardigrada share some arthropod-like characteristics.

True

The acoelomates are the simplest animals with three germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and an organ-system level of organization

True

The annelids, molluscs, and arthropods are considered members of Protostomia.

True

The cephalopods are the marine active predators.

True

The circulatory system of cephalopods is more efficient than other molluscs because it is closed and has accessory hearts at the base of each gill.

True

The class Gastropoda is the most diverse and ecologically the most successful mollusc group

True

The edible clams, oysters, and scallops belong to the class Bivalvia

True

The entire forepart of the body of a loriciferan can be withdrawn into the lorica

True

The free-swimming, ciliated stage that hatches from a digenetic trematode egg is the miracidium

True

The holdfast of a tapeworm is its scolex

True

The infective stage of Ascaris is the egg which is resistant to adverse conditions.

True

The largest invertebrate known, the giant squid, belongs to the class Cephalopoda

True

The leeches are unique in that they have both an anterior and a posterior sucker

True

The main body of the cestode is the strobila, or chain of proglottids

True

The nematodes are the most diverse of the pseudocoelomates and include many important human parasites.

True

The onychophorans have varied reproductive strategies; some are viviparous, some are oviparous and others are ovoviviparous

True

The organs of excretion in the earthworm are nephridia

True

Structures found in tapeworms but not in other flatworms are A. proglottids. B. scolex. C. strobila. D. all of these

D (all of these)

The typical nervous system of annelids consists of A. a brain and a ventral nerve cord. B. a ladder-like pattern. C. a nerve net. D. a brain, a ventral nerve cord, and a dorsal nerve cord.

A (a brain and ventral nerve cord)

Locomotion in most of the Bivalvia is accomplished by A. a muscular foot. B. ciliary action. C. jet propulsion. D. all of these

A (a muscular foot)

Some typical leech characteristics are as follows A. anterior and posterior suckers, a clitellum, no setae. B. setae, clitellum, and separate sexes. C. parapodia, no setae, and hermaphroditism. D. anterior and posterior suckers, separate sexes, and setae.

A (anterior and posterior suckers, a clitellum, no setae)

The monogenetic flukes A. are mostly ectoparasites of fish. B. are usually found in rabbits. C. require an intermediate and a definitive host. D. all of these

A (are mostly ectoparasites of fish)

Some characteristics of flatworms are A. bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomate. B. acoelomate, diploblastic, bilateral symmetry. C. radial symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomate. D. diploblastic, radial symmetry, acoelomate.

A (bilateral symmetry, tripoblastic, acoelomate)

The cocoon in the earthworm is produced by the A. clitellum. B. prostomium. C. calciferous glands. D. chloragogen cells.

A (clitellum)

Humans become infected with liver flukes by A. eating infected raw fish. B. eating infected snails. C. drinking water contaminated with eggs. D. swimming in infected waters.

A (eating infected raw fish)

In flame cells A. flagella drive fluid through tubules. B. digestion of proteins takes place. C. excretion of proteins is one important function. D. the heat is intense.

A (flagella drive fluid through tubules)

Leeches A. have a fixed number of somites. B. respire through gills. C. lack excretory organs. D. have a permanent clitellum.

A (have a fixed number of somites)

Acanthocephalans A. parasitize fish, birds, and mammals. B. are monoecious. C. have a well-developed digestive tract. D. are found in the host's liver.

A (parasitize fish, birds, and mammals)

Onychophorans A. share some characteristics with annelids and some with arthropods. B. are called water bears. C. are marine. D. feed on fish.

A (share some characteristics with annelids and some with arthropods)

Juvenile trichina worms live in the A. skeletal muscle. B. intestine. C. lungs. D. liver.

A (skeletal muscle)

Concerning reproduction in Bivalvia, A. they tend to be hermaphroditic. B. fertilization is usually external. C. development is direct (no larva). D. the adult stage is called a glochidium.

A (they tend to be hermaphroditic)

The clam worm gets food by A. using its eversible pharynx. B. muco-ciliary filter-feeding. C. ingesting food-laden sand. D. all of these

A (using its eversible pharynx)

Rotifers A. are primarily marine. B. are dioecious. C. lack an excretory system. D. lack a digestive tract.

B (are dioecious)

Nematomorphs A. are called spiny-headed worms. B. are free-living as adults and parasitic as juveniles. C. are rare. D. are found in the host's liver.

B (are free-living as adults and parasitic as juveniles)

The circulatory system of cephalopods is more efficient than that of other molluscs because A. it has blood. B. it is closed. C. cephalopods breathe air. D. all of these

B (it is closed)

The water current in the body of a cephalopod mollusc provides A. oxygen for respiration. B. jet power for rapid locomotion. C. a means of carrying wastes and gametes out of the body. D. all of these

B (jet power for rapid locomotion)

Current medical uses of annelids involve A. flatworms. B. leeches. C. polychaetes. D. freshwater oligochaetes.

B (leeches)

Elephantiasis is caused by filarial worms that live in the A. muscles. B. lymphatic system. C. intestine. D. lungs.

B (lymphatic system)

The characteristics that generally typify molluscs are A. foot, mantle, protonephridia, shell. B. radula, open circulation, mantle, shell. C. coelom, mantle, closed circulation, radula. D. no anus, pseudocoel, mantle, shell.

B (radula, open circulation, mantle, shell)

The following characteristics are typical of annelids: A. segmentation, open circulation, and nephridia. B. segmentation, closed circulation, and nephridia. C. no anus, nephridia, and coelom. D. nephridia, coelom, and open circulation.

B (segmentation, closed circulation, and nephridia)

"Ectolecithal" describes a situation in which A. there is no yolk. B. yolk is contained in separate cells outside the zygote. C. yolk is concentrated at one end of the zygote. D. yolk is found around the perimeter of the zygote.

B (yolk is contained in separate cells outside the zygote)

The larva of polychaetes is A. lacking. B. a pilidium. C. a trochophore. D. a nauplius.

C (a trochophore)

Nematodes A. possess flame cells. B. possess an incomplete digestive tract. C. are dioecious. D. have external cilia.

C (are dioecious)

Humans become infected with Taenia saginatus when they A. eat poorly cooked fish. B. eat poorly cooked pork. C. eat poorly cooked beef. D. all of these

C (eat poorly cooked beef)

The flatworms are more derived (or advanced) than the cnidarians because of their A. circulatory and digestive systems. B. circulatory and respiratory systems. C. excretory and nervous systems. D. respiratory and digestive systems.

C (excretory and nervous systems)

Tardigrades A. are mostly marine. B. have jointed legs. C. have a cuticle. D. appear to be closely related to kinorhynchs.

C (have a cuticle)

Movement in annelids involves A. longitudinal muscles only. B. circular muscles only. C. longitudinal and circular muscles. D. the hydrostatic skeleton only.

C (longitudinal and circular muscles)

The intermediate host of the blood fluke Schistosoma is a A. fish B. human C. snail D. dog

C (snail)

The circulatory system in the earthworm A. is absent. B. is an open type. C. uses the dorsal vessel as the main pumping organ. D. has no pumping structure and depends on the action of body muscles to move the blood.

C (uses the dorsal vessel as the main pumping organ)

The nervous system in planaria is A. absent. B. a nerve net. C. a single ventral cord. D. a ladder type.

D (a ladder type)

Annelids are thought to be related to molluscs because A. they have a similar nervous system. B. a shared metameric body plan though the mechanism of segmentation may be different. C. they both have a similar trochophore larva. D. all of these

D (all of these)

Free-living flatworms have A. ocelli. B. tactile cells. C. chemoreceptors. D. all of these

D (all of these)

In coelomate animals, the coelom A. develops as a secondary cavity within the mesoderm. B. is filled with fluid. C. can serve as a hydrostatic skeleton. D. all of these

D (all of these)

Leeches A. are found mainly in fresh water. B. may be ectoparasites or micropredators. C. are hermaphroditic. D. all of these

D (all of these)

A nematomorph worm is responsible for causing river blindness in many tropical areas

False

All pseudocoelomate organisms have a complete digestive tract

False

Annelids grow by producing new segments at the anterior end.

False

Annelids transport food, wastes, and respiratory gases via their circulatory system and the tracheal system.

False

Earthworms possess paired fleshy appendages called parapodia.

False

Flame cells are the primary excretory structures in rotifers

False

Humans become infected with Taenia solium by eating insufficiently cooked beef

False

Most molluscs are found in fresh water, but a few live in the ocean or on land.

False

Nematodes have circular muscles, but no longitudinal muscles in their body wall.

False

Radial symmetry and cephalization evolved together in the acoelomate animals

False

The Acanthocephala are nonparasitic, freshwater worms.

False

The main ill effects in schistosomiasis result from damage done by the adult worms

False

The mantle cavity in a mollusc houses the gills, foot, and head.

False

The most diverse class of annelids is the earthworms.

False

The pseudocoelomates include the cnidarians, the rotifers and the gnathostomulids

False

The terrestrial tardigrades cannot withstand harsh environmental conditions.

False

A number of Digenea are parasites of domestic animals and humans.

True

A state in which metabolism is extremely low, and in which the water content of the body is reduced to a few percent, is called cryptobiosis

True

Adult Ascaris worms are found in the host's small intestine

True

Adult tapeworms live in the digestive tract of vertebrates

True

An organism with three distinct germ layers is termed triploblastic

True

Annelids may be characterized as protostomes, with spiral cleavage and mosaic development.

True

Asexually reproducing stages of digeneans in their snail hosts are the sporocyst and redia

True

Because of their body shape and metabolic requirements, early flatworms must have been well predisposed toward parasitism

True

Caterpillar-like animals found in humid, mostly tropical habitats belong to the phylum Onychophora

True

Digenetic trematodes typically have a vertebrate as the definitive host and a mollusc as the intermediate host.

True

Eggs of rotifers that are unfertilized and develop parthenogenetically only into females are described as amictic, while those that undergo meiosis and are haploid are mictic.

True

Except in the leeches, the annelid coelom is filled with fluid and serves as a hydrostatic skeleton.

True

Female pinworms migrate out the anus to lay their eggs.

True

Filarial worms (Wuchereria and Brugia) are transmitted by mosquitoes

True

Flatworms have three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

True

Humans are infected with Trichinella spiralis by eating insufficiently cooked pork

True

Humans can get Ascaris parasites by ingestion of contaminated vegetables.

True

In contrast to other flatworms, tapeworms lack a digestive tract

True

In the annelids, each internal compartment is lined with peritoneum or mesodermal epithelium

True

Leeches are found predominantly in freshwater habitats, but some are marine and a few are terrestrial.

True

Leeches secrete both an anesthetic and an anticoagulant in their saliva.

True

Leeches typically lack both setae and septa

True

Long and chronic infection with Wuchereria can result in elephantiasis

True

Many freshwater clams have specialized, parasitic glochidia or veliger larvae.

True

Many rotifers can reproduce parthenogenetically

True

Mesodermal cells, known as parenchyma cells, fill the space between muscles and visceral organs in flatworms.

True

Minute, mostly terrestrial animals living in the water film that surrounds mosses and lichens belong to the phylum Tardigrada

True

Molluscs are important to humans because of their important ecological niches, because a variety of them are eaten, and because some kinds produce pearls.

True

Most annelids possess tiny bristles called setae

True

Most cephalopod molluscs can change colors because of special pigment cells that are called chromatophores

True

Most individual turbellarians contain organs of both sexes and are thus termed monoecious or hermaphroditic

True

Most male nematodes bear a pair of copulatory spicules at their posterior end to aid in insemination of the female.

True

Most monogeneans are external parasites of fish

True

Most nematode worms are under 5 cm long, but some are over a meter in length

True

Most turbellarian flatworms are free-living, but the flukes and tapeworms are all parasitic

True

Nematodes have a fluid-filled pseudocoel that serves as a hydrostatic skeleton.

True

Nematodes have no circular muscles in the body wall; therefore, the cuticle serves as the antagonist to the longitudinal muscles.

True

Nematodes only have longitudinal muscles, which results in their characteristic thrashing movement.

True

People become infected with Schisitosoma when cercariae penetrate the skin.

True