16.4

3. How did reducing the speed limit help the war?

a. (35 miles per hour) helped to save gasoline and rubber.

4. How many soldiers did each side lose at Stalingrad? What did this mean for the Germans?

a. 330,000 German troops, over 1 m of soviets b. The Germans were now defensive, with the Soviet's pushing them steadily westward.

4. How long did it take for the American Marines to take the island of Iwo Jima?

a. A month

2. When and how did Hitler die?

a. April 30, suicide

4. Where and when did the United States drop the second atomic bomb?

a. August 9, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.

1. What did factories in the United States do during World War II? What goods did they make?

a. Converted their peacetime operations to wartime production and made everything from machine guns to boots. b. Automobile factories produced tanks. A typewriter company made armor-piercing shells.

1. What was Hitler's plan as the Allied forces closed in on Germany?

a. Decided to counterattack in the West. Hoped a victory would split American and British forces and break up Allied supply lines.

1. Where did Stalin urge the British and Americans to attack? Where instead did they attack?

a. France, Italy

1. Whose troops won at Alamein? Where did the defeated army retreat to?

a. General Bernard Montgomery (British), Rommels army retreated west.

1. How were the Germans doing in the Soviet Union? What made the situation worse?

a. German armies met their match in the Soviet Union, the German advance had stalled at Leningrad and Moscow late in 1941. The bitter winter made the situation worse.

1. How many lives did President Truman's advisers think it would cost to invade the Japanese homeland?

a. Half a million lives

2. What did the U.S. and Britain do to help the Soviets?

a. Help with supplies.

2. When and where did the United States drop the first atomic bomb?

a. In a desert in New Mexico on July 16, 1945.

2. What happened to Benito Mussolini?

a. Italian resistance fighters found Mussolini disguised as a German soldier, they shot him the next day and later hung his body in downtown Milan for all to see.

3. What are kamikazes?

a. Japanese suicide pilots. Would sink Allied ships by crash diving their bomb filled planes into them.

2. How did this plan work out for the Japanese?

a. Lost disastrously- eliminating it as a fighting force in the war.

3. When did Germany surrender?

a. May 9th

2. What were some of the consumer goods rationed during the war?

a. Meat and sugar to tires and gasoline, from nylon stockings to laundry soap, the American government rationed scarce items.

5. How many people died in this attack? (Nagasaki)

a. More than 70,000 people.

2. Was his plan successful? Explain.

a. No. b. The Allies eventually pushed the Germans back, the Germans had little choice but to retreat, since there was no reinforcements available.

2. What two assets were the German troops attempting to capture in the Soviet Union?

a. Oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains b. Stalingrad (Volgograd), a major industrial center on the Volga River.

3. How many people died in this attack? (Hiroshima)

a. On August 6, 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima. 70,000-80,000 people died in this attack.

2. What was Operation Torch? Who led them and who was victorious?

a. On November 8, an allied force of more than 100,000 troops mostly Americans landed in Morocco and Algeria. b. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Montgomery and Eisenhower were victorious

1. Why did Americans fear Japanese-Americans? What did the American government do with Japanese-Americans?

a. Pearl Harbor b. President Roosevelt issued an executive order calling for the internment of Japanese Americans because they were considered a threat to the country.

1. What were the Allies secretly planning?

a. Secretly building an invasion force in Great Britain. (Their plan was to launch an attack on German-held France across the English Channel).

6. When did the Japanese Surrender?

a. September 2nd

1. In what countries did Allied civilians endure the worst hardships?

a. Soviet Union and Great Britain

3. How were the Soviets able to beat the Germans at Stalingrad?

a. Soviet troops outside the city launched a counterattack. Closing in around Stalingrad, they trapped the Germans inside and cut off their supplies.

1. Why did Churchill's strategy anger Stalin?

a. Stalin wanted the Allies to open the second front in France. The Soviet Union, than had to hold out on its own against the Germans.

2. How did the Allies attempt to misdirect Hitler?

a. The Allies panned to strike the coast of Normandy (northwestern France). The Germans knew the attack was coming, but didn't know where. b. The allies set up a a huge dummy army with its own headquarters and equipment to keep Hitler guessing.

1. Explain Germany's defeat.

a. The Allies rolled across the Rhine River in Germany. A noose was closing around Berlin. Three million Allied soldiers approached Berlin from the southwest. Another six million Soviet troops approached from the east. The Soviets had surrounded the capital and were pounding the city with artillery fire.

3. Why was the invasion of the Normandy beaches such a challenging task?

a. The Germans had dug in with machine guns, rocket launchers, and cannons. They sheltered behind concrete walls three feet thick. Not surpassingly, the Allies took heavy casualties.

2. Why is this ironic?

a. They began rounding up "aliens" and shipping them to relocation camps. The camps were restricted military areas located far away from the coast.

1. What was the Japanese plan to halt the allied advance?

a. They would destroy the American fleet, thus preventing the Allies from resupplying ground troops. Required risking almost the entire Japanese fleet.

1. What kinds of forces did the Allies gather in preparation for the D-Day landing?

a. Thousands of planes, ships, tanks, and landing cards and more than three million troops awaited the order to attack.

4. What is V-E Day?

a. Victory in Europe Day.