Psych-210 Exam 3
Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____.
"Who am I?"
Paula's daughter has recently been diagnosed with autism. This is common, as in 2019 _____ children in the U.S. are expected to be diagnosed with autism.
1 in 36
Roughly 1 in _____ adolescent boys is affected by major depression.
10
About _____ percent of the children in middle childhood are designated as ELLs.
12
Natalia just gave birth. Her baby was preterm and is of low birthweight. Natalia also experienced high blood pressure throughout her pregnancy. Natalia is most likely _____ years old.
15
In the United States, more than _____ children and adolescents under the age of 18 take prescription drugs to regulate their emotions and behavior.
2 million
James is very athletic and loves to play sports. He is physically active almost daily. He is not alone as about _____ of adolescent boys are physically active daily.
35 percent
In the United States, less than _____ percent of children under age 11 study a language other than English in school.
5
In the United States, about ____ percent of children saw a dentist for preventive care in 2013.
75
For girls, menarche is _____.
A girl's first menstrual period
Jasmine engages in some conflict with her mother during the adolescent years. This may indicate _____.
A healthy family
Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Janet will have _____ than Carlos.
A higher proportion of body fat
Parasuicide refers to _____.
A suicide attempt that does not end in death
The power of the invincibility fable may be observed in _____.
A young military recruit who hopes to be sent into combat
Adolescent acne is usually caused by _____.
AN increase in skin oils and sweat
Who are considered to be "digital natives" in the United States?
Adolescents
Today, the most notable digital divide is based on _____.
Age
Control processes improve with _____.
Age and experience
In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____.
Aggression and antisocial behavior in boys
Who is MOST likely to experience few psychological problems during middle childhood?
Alberto, who is being raised by his married biological mother and father
_____ is/are the most frequently abused drug in North America.
Alcohol
Approximately what percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school?
Almost all
Adolescent males are _____ as females to develop schizophrenia.
Almost twice as likely
The connection between the ______ and the prefrontal cortex changes during puberty, and that increases risk-taking behavior.
Amygdala
Elle, an adolescent, believes that the government should pay for all citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of _____.
Analytic thought
Kristy and her friends come up with several options of things to do on Friday night, and they ultimately decide to go to a new movie because it received positive reviews. In making this decision, Kristy and her friends are using what type of thought?
Analytic thought
David is excitable, impulsive, and very active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He MOST likely has _____.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Ten-year-old Wilson experiences extreme mood swings that do not seem to be influenced by life circumstances. At times he cannot sit still, and is constantly fidgeting. Wilson may be diagnosed with _____.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Allen is 3 years old. He ignores people when they are in the room, and if people speak to him he does not make eye contact. He also will not initiate communication, but rather just repeats what someone has said. Finally, Allen plays with a spinning top for hours. He just spins it, watches it, and when it stops spins it again. Allen may be showing signs of _____.
Autism
The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated until no conscious thought is required is referred to as _____.
Automatization
Susie has an IQ score of 90. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Susie's IQ falls into what category?
Average
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?
Average weight
Childhood rates of obesity are generally measured in terms of _____.
BMI
A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area is known as "knowledge _____."
Base
A strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second (majority) language is _____.
Bilingual education
Once a week, Candace locks herself in her bedroom and gorges on cookies, cakes, ice cream, and other snack foods. She eats until her stomach hurts and this has been going on for 5 months. Candace is very private about her eating binges and is embarrassed and depressed over her out-of-control eating. Candace is demonstrating characteristics of _____.
Binge-eating disorder
According to Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, every experience after _____ teaches individuals something.
Birth
Nonsexual friendships with peers of any sexual orientation _____.
Both decrease loneliness and increase resilience
When capable of concrete operational thought, children _____.
Can apply their reasoning to real, tangible situations
Statistically, based on pubertal development, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class?
Carolyn, age 14
In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, but are exempt from some state regulations, are known as _____ schools.
Charter
The particular rules and behaviors that are passed down to younger children from older children are what define _____.
Child culture
_____ is the most frequently reported STI.
Chlamydia
The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____.
Circadian rhythm
With respect to asthma, the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing all of the following EXCEPT _____.
City children have less asthma and fewer allergies
Nine-year-old Pete sorted screws, bolts, and nails into three piles by type. He is able to correctly sort the objects into separate piles because of the logical principle of _____.
Classification
Antisocial violence at age 21 can be predicted by engaging in _____ at age 12.
Coercive joining
The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person is referred to as "_____."
Comorbidity
Lee is shown both a large box and a small box. The large box contains a 5-pound weight and the small box contains a 10-pound weight. Lee picks up each box, one at a time, and examined them closely. He is then asked which weighs more. Lee no longer focused only on appearance and answers that the small box weighs more. Jean Piaget would say that Lee is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
Concrete operational
In Piaget's experiments with balancing a scale, trial-and-error problem solving was most characteristic of those of the age defined by _____.
Concrete operational thought
Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called " _____."
Cyberbullying
The fact that emotional development and analytical thought develop unevenly during adolescence can be demonstrated in the phenomenon of:
Delay discounting
Scientists agree that brain development _____.
Depends on experience
Children who are diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder can vary in the type and range of symptoms they display, but all children with an autism spectrum disorder have _____.
Difficulty understanding emotions
Each of the following is a general principle of developmental psychopathology EXCEPT _____.
Disability does not change year by year
Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____.
Do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role
Which is NOT a common value among 6- to 11-year-old children?
Dressing like adults
Which theoretical approach would focus on individual differences, parenting practices, school lunches, fast-food restaurants, advertisements, and community norms when combating obesity rates in middle childhood?
Dynamic-systems
One method of educating gifted and talented students that has become popular in the United States is _____.
Educating all gifted and talented children of the same age together
Josie, who is 15 years old, is attending her first soccer team practice. She is very sensitive to the facial expressions, body language, communication styles, and other social cues given to her by her new teammates. Her sensitivity to these social cues is aided by her adolescent _____.
Egocentrism
Thinking intensely about themselves and about what others think about them is called "_____."
Egocentrism
Which aspect of identity development was NOT discussed by Erikson?`
Ethnic
Francesca comes from a middle-class family and her parents want to make sure that their family maintains their reputation, often pressuring Francesca to excel in her academics. Research has found that parental pressure to excel may be related to all of the following problems EXCEPT:
Expanded social culture
_____ refers to the belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success to care for one another.
Familism
_____ adolescents totally reject the religions in which they've grown up.
Few
In many cultures, self-esteem tends to _____ during middle childhood.
Fluctuate
Conventional morality involves _____.
Following what parents, teachers, and peers do
Harold readily adopted his parents' political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____.
Foreclosure
Mastery of pragmatics allows children to change styles of speech, or "codes," depending on the audience. What code are children likely to use with their teachers?
Formal code
Finn shouts, "Yo dude! Did you see that bad shooting star?" Finn is likely speaking to his _____.
Friend
Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the _____.
Functions of a family
Many parents believe that they mold their children's personalities. However, research has found that _____.
Genes and the shared and nonshared environment have the most impact on personality
National differences in the timing of menarche are due to:
Genetic and nutritional reasons
Which of the following is NOT an aspect related to student-centered teaching?
Group projects
Which family function is especially crucial in middle childhood?
Harmony and stability
One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the _____.
Heart doubles in size
Adrianna has begun to participate in arguments on issues of right and wrong. She is developing her own moral thinking, guided by _____.
Her peers, parents, and culture
Which of the following factors does NOT facilitate increases in the knowledge base?
High intelligence
Compared with single-parent homes, two-parent homes usually have _____.
Higher income
Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. A few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision-making?
His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped
_____ direct(s) adolescents toward _____, perhaps a product of ancient evolutionary patterns for the human species.
Hormones; typical sexual roles
The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.
Hypothalamus
If-then propositions require _____.
Hypothetical thought
Krista seemed to be struggling academically in her fourth-grade class. After a battery of tests it was determined that Krista had special needs. School professionals met with Krista's parents to discuss specific educational goals for Krista. What the school professionals and Krista's parents created was Krista's _____.
IEP
According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of _____.
Identity versus role confusion
Both intuitive thinking and analytical thought reflect _______.
Inborn temperament
Mariangela has dyslexia. Mariangela is taught in the regular classroom, where she has her own reading tutor for part of the day. This is an example of _____.
Inclusion
An approach to understanding intelligence that holds that intelligence can be directly increased by effort is referred to as the "_____ theory of intelligence."
Incremental
Many children with autism spectrum disorder show early signs of the disorder in _____.
Infancy
Mastery of pragmatics allows children to change styles of speech, or "codes," depending on the audience. What code are children likely to use with their peers?
Informal code
One's mental age divided by one's chronological age and multiplied by 100 results in one's _____.
Intelligence quotient
Adolescents tend to rely more on ______ thinking than adults do.
Intuitive
All of the following have been identified as problems with diagnosing ADHD EXCEPT _____.
It has symptoms that are only apparent in severe cases
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development was strongly influenced by _____.
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky might argue that all of the following could be an instructor to Emma, a 6-year-old girl, EXCEPT _____.
John, her 4 year old sibling
Courts are increasingly recommending _____ of children after a divorce.
Joint full custody
Ty started to behave aggressively at age 5 and by age 8 was caught shoplifting several times. Ty is now age 25 and has committed armed robbery. Ty would be considered a(n) _____.
Life-course-persistent offender
A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were _____.
Likely to get a divorce as an adult
During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.
Limbic system; prefrontal cortex
Abstinence-only sex-education programs have had _____ impact in teenagers' sexual activity.
Little
Research indicates that a majority of adolescent girls in the United States are trying to _____.
Lose weight
The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have started puberty at the latest age?
Louis, born in 1910
Which student is MOST likely to be admired during middle school?
Louisa, who uses marijuana and frequently finds herself in physical fights
Two factors that universally interfere with family function in every nation are _____.
Low income and high conflict
Bullies during middle childhood are _____.
Low on empathy
Sense of self during middle childhood is associated with ______.
Many factors
Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis.
Marcia
School-age children would most admire _____.
Marla, who was punished for not telling the teacher who threw a paper airplane
Stress, especially when prolonged, _____.
May contribute to an early onset of puberty
Over time, the consequences of bullying _____.
May lead to problems for the bullies and their victims
Most bullies pick on _____.
Members of their own sex
Nine-year-old Devon writes, "My brother eats like a hungry pig." This statement demonstrates his understanding of _____.
Metaphor
School achievement is important for the development of self-esteem during:
Middle childhood
The ability to remember a sequence of events has been shown to develop gradually during _____.
Middle childhood
A cause can have many final manifestations. This is referred to as "_____."
Multifinality
Jennica experienced neglect as an infant while her mother suffered from severe depression. The outcome on Jennica's development could manifest itself in many different ways. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
Multifinality
With respect to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a successful farmer is likely to excel in _____ intelligence.
Naturalistic
Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n) _____.
Negative identity
Physical activity can benefit children in all of the following ways EXCEPT by improving _____.
Oral health practices
What is the main international test of reading given to students?
PIRLS
Which test finds fourth-grade girls ahead of boys in reading in every nation?
PIRLS
Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness, she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as "_____."
Parasuicide
The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as "_____."
Peer pressure
Many adolescents think carefully and answer correctly when responding to paper-and-pencil questions about hypothetical risk-taking situations, yet in the real world they engage in risky behavior. This is due in part to their _____.
Peers
Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their _____.
Personal fable
Which factor contributes to increases in a child's knowledge base?
Personal motivation
Austin is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candy-like cereal he saw advertised on television. He asks his mom to purchase it and she says no. He continues to beg, bargain, and pout until she concedes. Austin demonstrated _____ power.
Pester
The organ that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the _____.
Pituitary
Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?
Pituitary
Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. Which of the following is NOT likely a contributing factor to her weight?
Playing outside frequently
According to Erikson, _____ identity is an arena of identity formation.
Political
What is the third stage of moral reasoning in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory?
Postconventional
Aptitude tests are designed to measure one's _____.
Potential for learning a skill or body of knowledge
John has the ability to talk informally with his friends and more formally to his teachers during class. Clearly John understands the _____.
Pragmatics of his language
Most teens try _____, which are drugs that activate the brain.
Psychoactive drugs
The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called "_____."
Puberty
Which of the following is NOT an indicator of verbal intelligence on the WISC?
Puzzles
How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as "_____."
Reaction time
Everywhere in the world, children are taught to _____.
Read, write, and do arithmetic
Unrealistically high self-esteem _____ effortful control, which leads to _____ academic achievement.
Reduces; lower
Compared to adults, adolescents may express their _____ identities more devoutly.
Religious
The cultural norm of familism often _____.
Requires family members to make sacrifices for the good of the whole
What is the latest educational strategy in the United States for children who are below average in achievement in early grades to receive special help?
Response to intervention
Seventeen-year-old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, "Whatever." Andrew's response indicates _____.
Role confusion
Bridget is in tenth grade. Bridget is enrolled in _____ education.
Secondary
Which statement is false?
Secondary education refers to schooling completed after high school graduation, such as college or vocational training.
Lawrence Kohlberg's concept of preconventional morality involves _____.
Seeking pleasure and avoiding punishment
At age 17, Gage aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he grew closer to students with deep musical interests, and he drifted away from other friends who were more engaged in sports. This illustrates peer _____.
Selection
_____ and _____ are especially important for understanding the impact of peers.
Selection; facilitation
Late pubertal development may be an indicator of _______.
Sickle cell anemia
For many adolescents their _____ are always within reach, and some text hundreds of times a day.
Smartphones
A marked delay in a particular area of knowledge that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as "_____."
Specific learning disorder
Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a _____ family.
Stepparent
Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.
Stress
Jordan is asked to list all of the people in his family. Jordan is being asked to report his family _____.
Structure
In recent years, Finland has gained a great deal of attention for its very successful educational system. Which statement about Finland's educational reform is false?
Students are given a series of high-stakes tests at each level
Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called "_____."
Suicidal ideation
William was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development, including all of the following EXCEPT _____.
Sunlight
Based on ethnic differences, which of these well-nourished teenagers will likely experience puberty at the earliest age?
Taye, who is African American
Recent research has found a correlation between _____.
Teen media use and depression
According to the text, the research on methods for teaching a second language reveals that _____.
The best approach is not clear
In most nations other than the United States, _____ make(s) decisions regarding public education.
The central government
Gender refers to _____.
The cultural or social attributes of being male or female
Alisha is doing a history report on the 35th president of the United States for her tenth-grade history class. Where is Alisha most likely going to look for information to complete her report?
The internet accessed via her home computer
Family structure refers to _____.
The legal and genetic relationships of people in a household
When Kitana wants her teacher to repeat a question, she asks, "Would you please repeat the question?" but when she needs a classmate to repeat himself, she says, "Huh?" This example shows that Kitana understands _____.
The pragmatics of language
The family stress model illustrates that _____.
The reaction to family poverty is crucial
Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?
The shrinkage of the lymphoid system
Which of the following aids 6- to 11-year-olds in understanding the scientific process and mathematics?
Theory of mind
Howard Gardner proposed that _____.
There are multiple intelligences
Which statement is true?
There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.
One of the most prominent aspects of formal operational thought is the ability to _____.
Think in terms of possibilities
Metacognition refers to _____.
Thinking about one's thought processes
Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing _____.
To embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others
The two most common drugs used by adolescents are _____.
Tobacco and alcohol
Which of the following is another term for deductive reasoning?
Top-down reasoning
During the adolescent growth spurt, what is/are the last part(s) of the body to grow?
Torso
About one father in ____ has physical custody of his children and raises them without their mother or a new wife.
Twenty-five
Girls who bully typically _____.
Use words to attack
Critics say that _____ weaken public schools, while advocates argue that they make private school more affordable.
Vouchers
New concepts are best learned when they are connected to _____.
What is already known about a subject
The statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is _____
"I don't want to get caught and punished"
In a longitudinal study that traced the development of sensation seeking (which can lead to intuitive thinking) from early adolescence to the mid-20s, revealed that increases in sensation seeking were notable from ages _____.
12 to 14
The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day.
1300; 500
For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.
8; 14
Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the _____ percentile.
95th
Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking?
Analytic thought
Formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by Piaget is referred to as "______."
Analytic thought
_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.
Androgens
Emma is 5 feet tall and only weighs 87 pounds. However, when she looks at herself in the mirror, she thinks she is too fat. She does aerobic exercise for two hours each day and eats very little. Emma may be suffering from _____.
Anorexia nervosa
In many nations, including the United States, rates of sexual activity among boys and girls _____.
Are almost even
Secondary sex characteristics are traits that _____.
Are not directly related to fertility
Bullying attacks _____.
Are repeated
Eva is about to become an adolescent mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____.
Are supportive
_____ is considered to be a specific type of autism spectrum disorder.
Asperger syndrome
Ten-year-old Billy loves baseball and has studied baseball statistics since he was 5 years old. Billy is currently reading this year's statistics for some of his favorite players. He will easily remember the new statistics because of the knowledge _____ he has for baseball statistics.
Base
William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicted to _____.
Be a school leader as an adolescent
The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents' _____.
Belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance
The kind of bully who is the most strongly disliked by peers is called a "______"; he or she rarely has friends or sympathizers.
Bully-victim
Pete has been shoplifting for the past year. Unless he experiences an intervention, his shoplifting behavior is most likely to lead to _____.
Burglary
When Piaget and his colleagues asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that _____.
By age 13 or 14, logic is used to understand a reciprocal relationship
One study found that the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to increased rates of depression in all girls, but it only affects boys who _____.
Come from low-socioeconomic-status communities
According to Jean Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to _____.
Concrete situations (real, tangible, visible)
A study that followed married parents and their adolescent children found that _____ on the adolescents' well-being.
Conflict was the main influence
Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely.
Constructive
A father says to his son, "I want you home by 10:00 P.M." This best represents which aspect of family closeness?
Control
Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the information-processing system are referred to as "______."
Control processes
What is the second stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory?
Conventional
Leon is asked whether a person should steal food if she is starving. Leon says no because it is illegal. Leon is in Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ moral reasoning level, in the stage called "______."
Conventional; law and order
_____ rise at puberty, and that makes adolescents quicker to become angry or upset.
Cortisol levels
The common middle-school schedule that involves students changing rooms, teachers, and classmates every 40 minutes _____.
Creates a developmental mismatch between students' needs and the school context
What factors generally determine whether a child is well liked by his or her peers?
Culture and cohort
Heavy drinking impairs memory and self-control by _____.
Damaging the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
_____ coined the term adolescent egocentrism.
David Elkind
In general, as children experience puberty, their self-esteem _____.
Declines
In recent years, the so-called digital divide has _____ among adolescents.
Decreased
Physical activity within schools has _____ over the years.
Decreased
Based on the sleep needs of adolescents and changes related to pubertal development, later high school start times can be expected to associate with all of the following EXCEPT _____.
Decreased college attendance
All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore, Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of _____.
Deductive reasoning
The tendency of people of all ages to seek immediate rewards rather than gaining larger rewards after a delay is referred to as:
Delay discounting
Jane is in the third grade but reads at the level of a preschooler. Jane's teacher thinks that she reverses letters and may have _____.
Dyslexia
Which learning disorder is characterized by unusual difficulty with reading?
Dyslexia
Some children in the United States are classified as _____ based on their proficiency in English.
ELL
Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to _____.
Ensure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments
A child can have autistic symptoms for many reasons. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
Equifinality
Often a symptom can have multiple causes. This is known as _____.
Equifinality
Ricky's aggressive behavior could be due to genetic inheritance, exposure to violent media, or living in a violent neighborhood. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.
Equifinality
Most nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores during the past century. This phenomenon is called the "_____."
Flynn Effect
The nations with the best PISA results do NOT _____.
Focus on memorization of math formulas
Jean Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence "______."
Formal operational thought
Most U.S. high schools emphasize learning based on _____, which is developmentally appropriate.F
Formal thinking
Devin is 8 years old and loves math. Which of the following math skills is he likely NOT yet ready for?
Fractions
Which individual would be at the greatest risk for diet deficiencies in the United States?
George, who was born in 1990 and is 18 years old
Payton has an IQ score of 135. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Payton's IQ falls into what category?
Gifted
James is currently going through puberty. This means that his thoughts likely center on _____.
Himself
Since Cisco's mother suffers from depression and his father has an autoimmune disease, Cisco is often neglected. He has a supportive group of peers and extended family members. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping him to maintain his positive attitude?
His circle of friends
Current popular media portrayals of sexual activity frequently _____.
Ignores the potential negative consequences associated with sexual activity
The rate of asthma tends to _____ in children as income _____.
Increases; decreases
Three different girls tell Brian that The Notebook is their all-time favorite movie. Brian concludes that all girls love that movie. Brian has just used _____.
Inductive reasoning
Lev Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.
Instruction
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, _____ is what advances a person's morality.
Intellectual maturation
Klaczynski's research showed that age nor _____ alone necessarily increased logical thinking among adolescents.
Intelligence (IQ)
A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n) "______ thought."
Intuitive
When asked what she sees in her new boyfriend, whom she just met, Kayla responds, "I don't know. It just feels right." Kayla's response is an example of _____ thought.
Intuitive
Blair has heard repeatedly from her parents about the potential dangers of drinking alcohol, yet at a party she gladly accepts a beer from a classmate. Blair thinks that this classmate is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Blair's decision to accept the beer?
Intuitive thought
Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a hunch is referred to as "______."
Intuitive thought
A young boy experienced ongoing sexual abuse until he was 15. Now that he is a grown man, it is likely that he _____.
Is depressed and has difficulty with sex or psychosocial issues
Research indicates that a child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and _____.
May or may not show resilience in the future
Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school may show early signs of high school dropout by _____.
Middle school
Paul Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that _____.
Most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities allow
Some unpopular children are _____ rather than rejected.
Neglected
Which statement about treatment for autism is TRUE?
No biochemical treatment has been found to be completely successful for treating autism.
Identity diffusion is typically characterized by _____.
No focus on or concern about the future
Hannah's BMI is in the 79th percentile, which is associated with being _____.
Normal weight
One reason that the teenage pregnancy rate in most European nations is less than half of that in the United States may be because _____.
Of the European sex-education curriculum
Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of _____.
Parental monitoring
Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is _____.
Part of a warm, supportive relationship
Gerald was diagnosed with ADHD at an early age. Throughout school he had extreme academic difficulties, though he excelled at art. When he graduated from high school he started a career as an artist and quickly began to sell his work and achieved critical acclaim. As an adult he was experiencing life success even though he still had symptoms of ADHD. Which of the four general principles of developmental psychopathology does this example best illustrate?
Plasticity and compensation are widespread
What is the first stage of moral reasoning in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory?
Preconventional
Sam is in the 6 th grade and just received his grade for a science test he took a few days ago. He received a low grade on the exam and has concluded that he needs to apply himself more and to study more. Sam has viewed this as a learning opportunity for how to do better in the class. He would be considered:
Process-oriented
Jeremy, age 7, has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably _____.
Put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale
Repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences, which can contribute to depression, is referred to as:
Rumination
_____ in early adolescent girls is likely to lead to depression later on.
Rumination
Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange ten buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _____ allows her to accomplish this.
Seriation
The term that describes one's having erotic desires about the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes is _____.
Sexual orientation
Michael is going through his adolescent growth spurt. Which of the following is he likely to outgrow first?
Shoes
Which of the following is crucial during middle childhood?
Social comparison
Which of the following has the greatest impact on whether sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable, or shameful and frightening?
Social context
For boys, the first ejaculation of seminal fluid is _____.
Spermarche
Alice is a little concerned about her daughter's diet. She is concerned about it being deficient. If her teen daughter is a typical teen, Alice should probably feed her _____.
Spinach to increase her iron
What type of injuries during middle childhood have resulted in preventative guidelines?
Sports and recreational
_____ are the most common school accidents, and they increase at puberty.
Sports injuries
Adolescence-limited offender refers to someone who _____.
Stops committing crimes by age 21
Decades of research throughout the world have found a _____ correlation between academic achievement and socioeconomic status, largely due to language.
Strong
Two aspects of family closeness during adolescence include _____.
Support and connectedness
What is the primary international test of science and math?
TIMSS
Which factor has NOT contributed to a decline in the number of young adolescent smokers in the United States?
The legal smoking age
When applied to the discussion of drug abuse, the term generational forgetting means that _____.
The new generation ignores what adults have learned about the hazards of drugs
A child's idea about themselves, including their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, and ethnic background is referred to as
Their self-concept
Mr. and Mrs. Cortina have discovered that their son has been skipping classes and cutting school with a group of boys. Which conclusion is MOST likely true?
Their son chose this group because he shares their interests
To reduce the impact of divorce on children, which of the following should take place?
Transitions should be minimized
While literacy and numeracy are valued in every school, curriculum specifics _____.
Vary by place and culture
