3'Rs in animal research
Animals used in industry
meat production (chicken, pig, cattle)
Replacement, Reduction, Refinement
3'Rs in animal research (framework for humane research)
Reduction
Carefully design experiments and sharing of data or resources.
Refinement
Example: Appropriate use of anesthesia and analgesia (surgery).
Replacement
Involves the use of technology to replace animals (mathematical/computer modeling)
Refinement
Methods that minimize pain, suffering, distress; apply to all stages of animal research.
Reduction
Minimize the number of animals in the experiment (ensuring experimental aims are met)
Animal Ethics
To understand ethical issues in the use of animals.
1. Animals as pets 2. Animals as pests 3. Animals that work for humans 4. Animals used in industry 5. Animals used to save other animals
Types of animal interactions
Animals used to save other animals
cane toad
Animals as pests
destroy (cockroaches, rats, termites)
Animals as pets
dogs and pets
Animals that work for humans
horses (transpo), guide dogs