3'Rs in animal research

Animals used in industry

meat production (chicken, pig, cattle)

Replacement, Reduction, Refinement

3'Rs in animal research (framework for humane research)

Reduction

Carefully design experiments and sharing of data or resources.

Refinement

Example: Appropriate use of anesthesia and analgesia (surgery).

Replacement

Involves the use of technology to replace animals (mathematical/computer modeling)

Refinement

Methods that minimize pain, suffering, distress; apply to all stages of animal research.

Reduction

Minimize the number of animals in the experiment (ensuring experimental aims are met)

Animal Ethics

To understand ethical issues in the use of animals.

1. Animals as pets 2. Animals as pests 3. Animals that work for humans 4. Animals used in industry 5. Animals used to save other animals

Types of animal interactions

Animals used to save other animals

cane toad

Animals as pests

destroy (cockroaches, rats, termites)

Animals as pets

dogs and pets

Animals that work for humans

horses (transpo), guide dogs