4x4 & Fire investigator
T/F Fusee slag, firework remains, matches and cigarttes are non-fragile evidence
False
Minimum depth of mud that a fire engine can get stuck in
1 inch or less
3 main fundamentals of fire investigation
1. Determine the orgin 2. How ignition source came in contact w/ burnt materials 3. identify responsible party
4 areas of a fire scene relating to investigation
1. Overall fire area 2. General origin area 3. Specific origin area 4. Ignition area (largest to smallest)
CAL FIRE horn signals 1,2&3
1. Stop Move forward Move backward
The goal of the prevention program is the prevention of _____1_____ and ____2__ of unwanted_____3____ caused fire with emphasis on______4_____ and_____5___ of large, damaging fires.
1. ignition 2. spread 3. human caused 4. loss reduction 5. prevention
Minimum size of GOA ( General origin area)
1/2 acre or less
Front axle shifts should be made at speeds of less than ________mph
10
Max slope for sidehilling; CDF Policy
15%
When driving off-road and uphill, maintain________ to_________ RPM's.
1500-2000
When you encounter a large rock or tree branch you need to climb, use your left foot on the break and maintain RPM's of _________
1500-2000
A single indicator may be accurate within a _________ deg arc.
180
Walk the perimeter of the specific origin area at least_______ times
2
NFPA 1901 says that engines over 33k lbs can be tilted_____% without lifting a wheel
27%
The average size of a powerpole is _________ feet tall.
40
Maximum climbing slope able to drive per CDF policy?
40%
_________ deg is a 100% slope.
45
Minimum size of a SOA (Specific Origin Area)
5x5
How many steps are there in the scientific method used in investigation
6
LE-66 is due_____ days after the start of the fire
7
Chain of custody is logged on a LE-_____ form
75
When interviewing allows the subject to do________% of the talking in the coversation
80
NFPA________ relates to investigation
921
Who has a responsibility to protect the orgin during IA?
All fire suppression personal
Foliage freeze points_________(towards or away from)n the orgin
Away from; influenced by the wind
What steps can you take to avoid becoming "high centered"?
Build a ramp with rocks or cribbing
What happens when hot components are driven through or placed in cool water?
Can create a vaccum and suck water in
LE-80
Case report for cost recovery
__________ evidence tends to prove a fact in dispute indirectly
Circumstantial
Burn permits , ownership maps, etc are examples of ____________ evidence
Demonstrative
The_________ splits torque equally between both tires.
Differential
Which part of the chassis usually has the least clearance?
Differentials
A testimony is classified as _________ evidence
Direct
Vector is another word for_________
Direction that the fire advanced
Sooting and staining appear on the ______ (exposed or non exposed) of fire indicators.
Exposed
Wind influenced indicators usually appear on the ______side (exposed or non exposed)
Exposed
T/F Before interviewing a suspect, you or the prevention officer must inform them of their Miranda rights
False
T/F a single investigator is preferred over a team approach
False
T/F Most fires start with an open flame
False; They start smoldeirng
T/F Conduct group interviews if the witnesses were together when they witnessed the event
False; never group interviews
T/F Start your investigation where you think the origin is
False; start far out, and work your way in
T/F Unless it is inclimate weather, utilize the engine brake or exhaust break for majority of off road braking
False; turn them off
Analyzing the relationship between majority of individual indicators reveals the overall
Fire pattern
A physical object that displays changes from exposure to fire reveals fire progression is called a
Fire pattern indicator
Vector areas are based on the dynamics of_________
Fire spread
Process for putting engine in 4WD
Flip switch to engage the front axle Flip the XFER switch from HIGH to LOW Put transmission in 1st gear
When backing up, turning the wheel will cause the front end to swing out to one side. This is called____________.
Front end swing
If torque is ____________ (greater/less) than traction, the wheels will spin.
Greater
IF your motor restarts while youre climning a hill follow these 3 steps:
Hold the brake w/left foot Accelerate w/ right foot Release the brake Dont roll backwards
Facts that are common knowledge (ie. fireworks are common on 4th of July) are called _____________ when using as evidence
Judicial Notice
Why would you slightly ride your brakes when driving through water ?
Keeps mud and grit out of your brakes
2 requirements for miranda rights to be given
Law enforcement is interogatting the subject AND the suspect precieves they are being detained
The scientific method, plus specific methods equals____________
Methodology
Protection indicators appear on the _______side (exposed or non exposed) at a ________ deg to ______deg angle
Non exposed 45-90 deg
When a fire is backing downhill or against the wind, the angle of char will be __________ to the slope
Parallel
When you trying to find the origin and you need to move an object, what do you need to do prior to moving the object?
Photograph it in place
To determine the cause of a fire, 1st narrow down which causes were__________. Then after the fact finding and investigation, determine which cause is the most_________ in your opinion.
Possible; probable
Be weary of ____________ in off road situations when steering around obstacles because you can clear the front tires, but scrape the rear side panels.
Rear wheel cheat
(3) Fire investigation flag colors for indicators vector direction
Red= advancing Yellow= Lateral Blue= Backing
A tree with burnt bark advancing diagonally upwards from right-to-left, had fire approach it from the ______side
Right
What class is FI-210
SFM fire investigation/ orgin and cause
white ash will adhere to objects when they when they have _____________ (Sooting or staining) because it is sticky
Staining
LE-71
Supplemental report used to update fire reports
Orderly, thoroughness,methodical and regularity relate _________ to methodically investigating a fire
Systematically
T/F Stop the apparatus to put the transmision into 1st gear when going into 4WD
TRue
Most fire cases rely on physcal evidence and __________
Testimonials
If the lead investigator is diverted to another duty, who is now responsible for the investigation/ report?
The IC
__________ is the amount of force or power supplied to the wheels.
Torque
Grass stems will fall ______(toward or away from) the orgin if they aren't completely consumed in backing fires
Toward
Cupping on a leaf; the curved edges on the leaf will point_______ the orgin.
Towards
____________ is the amount of friction between the tires and the road surface.
Traction.
An area of directional change based on variations in intensity is called a/an __________________.
Transition zone
T/F Approach all fire investigations as if a crime has been committed
True
T/F Do not steer when you are not moving
True
T/F Fire pattern indicators become more subtle the closer you get to the orgin
True
T/F If the transfer case is in NEUTRAL, the transmission will engage, but the axle will not recieve power
True
T/F If the witness interview isn't taken ASAP, the story can become "tainted" by the witness discussing the story with others
True
T/F If you pick up an object such as a bottle or rock, and see a clean burn line, the fire came from the direction with the clean burn line.
True
T/F Never turn/steer wheels when you're stopped in 4WD
True
T/F Transition zones of fire patterns are often subtle
True
T/F Once an investigator is assigned then the responsibiltiy of therep/ investigation is transfered to the investigator
True; However the IC must document everything prior to the investigators arrival
What 2 concepts does damage differential tell us?
U or V pattern; individual indicators
Unitl an orgin and cause is concluded and documented, the fire is still____________.
Under investigation
Whos responsibility is it that all fires in their response area are investigated
Unit chief
If two or more possible causes are equally likely, then determine the fire cause to be___________.
Untermined
When side hilling, keep your wheels on the _______(upper or lower) side of the road
Upper
What is easier to drive in, wet sand or dry?
Wet
Evidence based flag colors
White=evidence Lime Green= Points/items of interest
Foliage freeze, grass stem, cupping, and angle of char are all_______influenced indicators
Wind
White ash deposits is an indicator influenced by__________
Wind
The perimeter of the specific origin area is where the fire was first influenced by __________________
Wind, fuel or topography
Macroscale indicators are found on________vectors
advancing
If you feels like you are going to roll when side-hilling turn_______(uphill or downhill) and step on the ________(brake or accelerator) pedal
downhill; accelerator
The longer the wheelbase, the greater the chance there is to get stuck________ on an obstacle
high centered
The process of inquiry that seeks admissions of guilt or confessions is called a/an__________
interrogation
A detailed questioning of a subject to determine facts of an incident is called a/an
interview
What is the 9400 handbook
investigation
Evidence may be submitted and used if it was obtained in areas that were__________ or ___________.
public property or in plain view
Investigate the origin in a _____________ patern
serpentine
Which vehicle has the right-of-way when 2 vehicles meet on a hill? (uphill or downhill)
uphill