6.4 Reading

How were the conditions before the introduction of railroads?

People had to either travel using water- ways or roads. However, most colonies had few roads and were unusable during rainy seasons. Water travel was limited to coastal areas.

What were the impacts of railroads?

Railroads lowered the cost of transporting raw materials to Europe and it helped open up colonial markets for manufactured goods.

How did Steamships change after 1870?

Steamship travel became more practical and it was able to travel longer distances and even across oceans by carrying refrigerated goods. (Dairy and meat)

What did the Europeans believe about the railroad?

The Europeans believed that the railroad was an example of a benefit of Imperialism.

Under imperialist powers, how did farming change?

The subsistence farming was abandoned and instead the farmers had to grow cash crops such as coffee, tea, rubber, sugar, palm oil, and cotton. As cash crops replaced food crops, the price for food rose.

What were some environmental effects?

The use of land for only cash crops led to monoculture, deforestation, soil depletion, and diseases, pests.

What was tin used for?

To can and preserve foods.

When was the telegraph invented?

1832

When was the telegraph cable introduced in India?

1850

What year was the De Beers Mining company founded?

1880

What age was Cecil Rhodes when he became a part of the Cape parliament?

29

Who worked to build the railroad for Cecil Rhode's project?

African natives who were paid low wages.

In 1890, Rhodes became the prime minister of Cape Colony. What form of society did he develop?

Apartheid. This was a very racist and rigid form of society.

How did the increase of population in Europe impact other regions?

As the European Middle class grew, the demand for meat became higher which caused Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay to export more cattle. Sheep and lamb were also exported from Australia and New Zealand.

Which countries provided gold?

Australia, South and West Africa, and Alaska.

What was Guano?

Bat and seabird droppings which were collected from Chile and Peru which were used as fertilizer.Usually indentured polynesian or Chinese workers collected it.

Which countries produced tin?

Bolivia, Nigeria, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies.

Cecil Rhodes wanted to expand where?

Botswana and Zimbabwe/Zambia

Where was copper produced?

Chile, Northern Rhodesia(Zambia), and Belgian Congo.

What was copper used for?

Electric power lines and telegraph cables.

The increased demand for raw materials made colonies become ___________?

Export colonies

What was subsistence farming?

Farming for food to survive and live off of with little remaining to sell.

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

He was the founder of De Beers Diamond Company and he was planning to start a railroad network from Cape Town to Cairo. However it was unsuccessful.

When did the transatlantic telegraph cables be placed ? What areas?

In 1866 between England and United States.

What were benefits and disadvantages of the Steamship?

It could transport people, mail, and goods over navigable rivers. (Ganges and Congo). However, steamships required large amounts of coal to run which limited large distance travel.

What were the impacts of the telegraph?

It improved communication significantly. News could be sent immediately. Telegraph lines often followed railroad routes. Submarine telegraph cables could cross oceans.

Why did Cecil Rhodes want to build a Railroad network?

It would improve governance and would make mobilizing for war easier.

Where was silver produced?

Mexico