Kin 223 Chpater 6
B-
arrector pili muscle
B.
merocrine sweat duct
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and of the hands and fingers, the sides and of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.
palms, soles
The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.
0.4 and 0.6
Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.
Fingerprints
D-
apocrine sweat gland
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
body; edge
The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.
collagen
The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.
corneum
The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick
0.075; 0.150
Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.
keratinization
The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.
living; dead
A.
merocrine sweat gland
C-
sebaceous gland
E
stratum basale
The skin is best described as ______.
water resistant
layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.
3-5
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).
4
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the of keratinocytes from UV radiation.
DNA
True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.
False
True or false: There are two major regions of the dermis: a superficial reticular layer and a deeper papillary layer.
False
True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.
True
D.
apocrine sweat gland
In the development of embryonic skin, the layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the gives rise to the dermis.
basal, mesenchyme
A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
blood vessels
Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.
cholecalciferol
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.
corneum
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.
corneum; granulosum; spinosum
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
dead
The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.
deep; collagen fibers
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
eleidin
The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.
epidermal appendages
The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.
epidermis
The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ______ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.
epidermis; dermis
A mild sunburn with no blistering is an example of a ______-degree burn.
first
In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum , the process of keratinization begins.
granulosome
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.
granulosum spinosum
A-
hair follicle
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.
keratin
Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?
kidney liver skin
periderm
layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium
mesenchyme
layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.
merocrine
The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.
merocrine sweat glands
Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.
pigmentation and texture
The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.
proteins; lipids
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?
provides thermal insulation protects the body acts as an energy reservoir
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
reticular; subcutaneous
The substances that make sweat feel gritty are water ______ and ______.
salts; urea
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.
sensory nerve
Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands
simple, coiled, and tubular
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
simple, coiled, and tubular
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.
stratified squamous
he layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the _____
stratum basale
The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.
thermoregulation
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
thick skin
Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.
Melanocytes
In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.
pilus
______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Thin
In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?
regeneration fibrosis
A
stratum corneum
vernix caseosa
waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells
The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during ______.
puberty
C.
sebaceous gland
After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.
spinosum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
stratum corneum
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______. Multiple choice question.
tactile cells
There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are , colorations, and skin markings.
thickness/thiness
The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called
transpiration
True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
true
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are and the protein they produce is called .
Keratinocytes, kertain
In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.
dendritic
Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.
exocytosis
Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.
hemoglobin
When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.
hemoglobin
Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about month following their formation.
2,2,1
first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.
3-5
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
True
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
dendritic
Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal in the epidermis and the relative of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.
layer, thickness
In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.
lucidum
During the process of keratinization, the cell's and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.
nucleus
Sunscreen usage reduces the likelihood of ______.
skin cancer
C
stratum granulosum
B
stratum lucidum
D
stratum spinosum
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.
sweat ducts; hair follicles
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.
sweat; sebaceous
______ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant.
Sebum
glands are also called sweat glands.
Sudoriferous
______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Thin
True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.
True