Kin 223 Chpater 6

B-

arrector pili muscle

B.

merocrine sweat duct

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and of the hands and fingers, the sides and of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

palms, soles

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

0.4 and 0.6

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

Fingerprints

D-

apocrine sweat gland

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body; edge

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.

collagen

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

The epidermis of thin skin ranges in thickness from ______ millimeters to ______ millimeters thick

0.075; 0.150

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

keratinization

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living; dead

A.

merocrine sweat gland

C-

sebaceous gland

E

stratum basale

The skin is best described as ______.

water resistant

layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

DNA

True or false: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet.

False

True or false: There are two major regions of the dermis: a superficial reticular layer and a deeper papillary layer.

False

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

True

D.

apocrine sweat gland

In the development of embryonic skin, the layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the gives rise to the dermis.

basal, mesenchyme

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

blood vessels

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

cholecalciferol

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

dead

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

deep; collagen fibers

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

epidermis

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ______ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.

epidermis; dermis

A mild sunburn with no blistering is an example of a ______-degree burn.

first

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum , the process of keratinization begins.

granulosome

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

granulosum spinosum

A-

hair follicle

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

keratin

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

kidney liver skin

periderm

layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium

mesenchyme

layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

merocrine

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine sweat glands

Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.

pigmentation and texture

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins; lipids

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

provides thermal insulation protects the body acts as an energy reservoir

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

reticular; subcutaneous

The substances that make sweat feel gritty are water ______ and ______.

salts; urea

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands

simple, coiled, and tubular

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

he layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the _____

stratum basale

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______.

thermoregulation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

Melanocytes

In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.

pilus

______ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Thin

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

regeneration fibrosis

A

stratum corneum

vernix caseosa

waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during ______.

puberty

C.

sebaceous gland

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

stratum corneum

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______. Multiple choice question.

tactile cells

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are , colorations, and skin markings.

thickness/thiness

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

transpiration

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

true

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are and the protein they produce is called .

Keratinocytes, kertain

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.

exocytosis

Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.

hemoglobin

When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.

hemoglobin

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about month following their formation.

2,2,1

first-degree burns, the healing time averages about ______ days, and typically no scarring results.

3-5

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

True

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal in the epidermis and the relative of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

layer, thickness

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

lucidum

During the process of keratinization, the cell's and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus

Sunscreen usage reduces the likelihood of ______.

skin cancer

C

stratum granulosum

B

stratum lucidum

D

stratum spinosum

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts; hair follicles

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat; sebaceous

______ lubricates the epidermis and hair and helps make the integument water resistant.

Sebum

glands are also called sweat glands.

Sudoriferous

______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Thin

True or false: Skin cancer can develop in people of any age.

True