#7: Workplace Hazards
Hearing protection devices are selected according to
- Employee comfort - level of noise exposure - noise reduction rating *NRR *of device - Type of work being performed - environmental conditions
Fit, Use, and Care of Hearing Protection Devices
- Employer must: > ensure proper initial fitting. > supervise the correct use of hearing protectors. - Hearing protectors must be replaced as necessary at no cost to employee - Hearing protection devices must be cleaned and stored according to the manufacturer's specification. - Hearing protection devices can be cleaned with soap and warm water. Make sure that they are completely dry before putting them in your ears.
Objectives of occupational health (promotion ,protection ,prevention )
- Health promotion - protection of the workers - prevention and control of hazards - rehabilitation of the disabled
Solutions for noise pollution
- Planting bushes and trees زراعة الاشجار والشجيرات - regular servicing صيانة منتظمة وضبط السيارات - buildings absorbing material - workers with equipment such as earplugs سدادات الاذن and earmuffs غطاء الأذنين - Lubrication of the machinery تزييت الالات - soundproof doors and windows - regulations to restrict the usage of play loudspeakers - factories and industries located far from the residential areas - social awareness programmes
Sources of Noise Pollution
- Transportation - construction - industrial noise - loud speakersمكبرات الصوت plumbing انابيب للمياه boilers generators AC fans vacuum cleaners ADD TO EXISTING noise pollution
"Cause specific, occurring mainly among working population, exposure at workplace is essential, notifiable and compensable" is called? نبلغ عنه ويكون قابل للتعويض -occupational dz -work-related dz
-occupational dz
"Multifactorial in origin (not only work), occurs commonly in the community, exposure at work place may be a factor, may notifiable and compensable" is called? -occupational dz -work-related dz ال occupational اكتر specific للعمل لكن ال work related مو فقط للعمل تعد multifactorial
-work-related dz
Prevention of occupational diseases may be grouped under three heads:
1- medical💉 measures 2- engineering📐 and environmental🌳 measures 3- legislations👩⚖️
If there is hearing loss of ___________ decibels or more in the human voice frequencies, you will be sent to the doctor or audiologist
10
Exposure to noise levels above____for even five minutes is very risky
115 dB
Noise above____dB causes pain and immediate hearing loss
140
The annual number of non-fatal work related diseases has been estimated to be __________
160 million
Annually there are _______ work-related deaths
2.2 million
Out of the global number of 2.8 million workers dying at work every year at least____children lose their lives caused by accidents every year يعني من بين ٢.٨ مليون حالة وفاة عمال بموتوا بالعمل كل سنة يوجد على الأقل ٢٢ الف طفل فقدوا حياتهم نتيجة حوادث كل سنة
22,000
World day for safety and health at work is on? اليوم العالمي للصحة والسلامة المهنية
28 April
About ________ workers are exposed to hazardous noise on the job
30 million
Work-related accidents causing injuries__________
313 million
Work-related fatal accidents__________
350,000
Sound exposure meter
40- refrigerator humming 60 - normal conversation 80 - telephone ☎️ ringing 90 - lawnmower الة جز العشب or motorcycle 🏍 110 - chainsaw منشار 140 - rock🎸 concert and jet✈️ engine at takeoff حفلة موسيقية محرك النفاث الة لدفع الطائرات
More than______working children and young workers
500 million
Hearing loss can occur when_____average noise exposure exceeds____dB
8-hour >=85
Foam Insert Earplugs: adv & disadv?
Adv: - More protection at lower frequencies than muffs. - Various NRRs available. - Inexpensive; disposable.في المتناول - Reusable plugs are available. Disadv: - Hands must be cleaned before inserting earplugs. - Improper insertion reduces NRR value.
Semi-aural caps: adv & disadv?
Adv: - Various NRRs available - Easy to insert - may be used several times - ideal for people going in and out of noisy areas Disadv: - Improper installation reduces effectiveness - more expensive than earplugs - typically have lower NRRs than plugs or muffs
Ear Muffs: Adv & Disadv?
Adv: -More protection at higher frequencies than earplugs. -Various NRRs available. -Durable متين ومتحمل , long lasting. -Can be fitted on hard hat. -Reusable Disadv: -Higher cost -Eye glasses can interfere with ear muff seal -May be uncomfortable in hot environments -Must be cleaned before use by another worker
Chemicals as dusts, gases are a form of______Hazards
Airborne
Micro biological organisms are a form of _________ biological hazards
Airborne
Radioactive particles (physical) or a form of _______ hazards
Airborne
On which year was world day against child labour and world day for safety and health at work combined?
April 28, 2018
Almost half of these fatalities occur in _________
Asian countries
What type of hazard is: bacteria? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Biological
What type of hazard is: fungus? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Biological
What type of hazard is: parasites? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Biological
What type of hazard is: virus? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Biological
What type of hazard is: Chemical compounds? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Chemical
What type of hazard is: dust (organic or inorganic)? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Chemical
What type of hazard is: gases (Asphyxiant - simple - toxic - irritant - upper - lower)? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Chemical
What type of hazard is: metals (lead mercury arsenic aluminium)? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Chemical
Noise is measured in units called?
DB decibels
The first noticeable effect of hearing loss is?
Difficulty in hearing speech هاد عادة اول تااثر ممكن ملاحظته (Its gradual) بكون slow+painless ممكن الشخص يعاني من مشكلة وهو مو حاس
Effects of severe tinnitus
Disrupt sleep Reduce concentration Cause irritability and depression الناس الي بعانوا من طنين عادة بشكوا من constant whistling /squealing/roaring/buzzing in one or bith ears صفير طنين انين طبعا الدمار او للاذية الناتجة من التعرض الازعاج تعتمد على : loudness +length of exposure
The main aim of occupational health is to?
Eliminate the hazard if not possible is to minimise the risk
The largest share of work-related fatalities is made up by_____________ & constitutes ________ deaths annually
Fatal diseases 1.7-2 mill الحصة الأكبر من الوفيات المتعلقة بالعمل هي امراض قاتلة حيث الامراض الغير قاتلة المتعلقة بالعمل تشكل 160 million
Problems related to noise pollution
High blood pressure Stress related illness Sleep disruption Hearing loss Productivity loss Memory loss Severe depression Panic attacks
How do you know if you are in high hazardous noise?
If you must raise your voice to speak with someone only 3 feet away
Normal
Is this audiogram normal or does it show a hearing loss?
Severe hearing loss
Is this audiogram normal or does it show a hearing loss?
The purpose of the NRR
Is to give an indication of the amount of noise reduction that may be expected with a specific hearing protection device
When unwanted noise gets loud enough....?
It is unpleasant It is distracting تشتيت It is tiring and stressful متعب Higher levels cause permanent hearing damage
World day against child labourعمل is on?
June 12 اليوم العالمي ضد عمل الأطفال 12/6
What type of hazard is: accidents? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Mechanical
What type of hazard is: lack of ergonomics? بيئة العمل -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Mechanical بالإضافة إلى ال accidents
What is the most common occupational hazard for American workers?
Noise induced hearing loss -slow & painless -100% preventable
Annual audiometric testing is required by ______________
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2017?
Optimise the collection and use of OSH data osh ;occupational saftey and health تحسين جمع واستخدام البيانات المتعلقة بسلامة وصحة العمل
What type of hazard is: heat and cold? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Physical
What type of hazard is: radiation? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Physical
What type of hazard is: vibration ? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Physical
What type of hazard is: Noise? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Physical noise , cold and heat , electricity, changes in pressure, radiation, vibration اهتزاز
Heat is a form of_____Hazard
Radiated emission
Ionising or non-ionising radiation is a form of_____Hazard
Radiated emission
Light is a form of_____Hazard
Radiated emission
Noise is a form of ________ hazard
Radiated emission (noise,heat,light or ionizing and non ionizing radiation )
The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2019?
Safe and healthy future of work
The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2018?
Safe and healthy generation
Liquid/solid form of hazards affect?
Skin or enter the body via that organ
What type of hazard is: Shiftwork? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Socio-psychological
What type of hazard is: interpersonal relation? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Socio-psychological
What type of hazard is: work hierarchy هرمية العمل ? -physical -chemical -mechanical -biological -socio-psychological
Sociopsychological
"a change in hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more." is termed?
Standard Threshold Shift (SRS)
Airborne hazards (chemical , physical, biological) enter the body via?
The lungs
Loud noise damages or destroys_______
The nerves in the inner ear
Radiated emission الانبعاثات المشعة hazards affect the body through?
The skin or other exposed organs
Main source of noise pollution in urban areas is?
Transportation
Who concluded that there are direct links between noise and health?
USEPA United States environmental protection agency
When does sound become undesirable?
Well it disturbs يعيق the normal activities e.g. working sleeping conversations
Earmuffs
What type of hearing protection device is this? • Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural earplugs
Foam insert earplugs
What type of hearing protection device is this? • Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural earplugs
Semi-Aural Earplugs
What type of hearing protection device is this? • Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural earplugs
The theme of world day for safety and health at work in 2016? الموضوع هاد اليوم
Workplace stress
Audiometric testing is required for?
all employees exposed to 8-hour average noise levels of 85 decibels or above
Common sounds maybe louder than you think
dripping faucet حنفية بتنقط thunderclap قصف الرعد gunshot طلق ناري
global labour force by age band
highest in age group 25-34 (~920 million)
global & regional unemployment rates
highest in arab states (10.5%) in the world ~6%
occupational health definition
promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physieal, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs." (ILO WHO 1950). تعزيز والمحافظة على أعلى درجة من الرفاهية البدنية والعقلية والاجتماعية للعاملين في جميع المهن من خلال منع الخروج عن الصحة ، والسيطرة على المخاطر وتكييف العمل مع الناس ، والناس مع وظائفهم. "(منظمة العمل الدولية ، 1950) + identification and control تعريف والتحكم بعوامل الخطر الناشئة من مخاطر بيئة العمل بهدف إنشاء بيئة عمل آمنة وصحية
Permanent ringing/Whistling/squealing/roaring/buzzing in the ears is called?
tinnitus ( permanent ringing in the ear )
pls make definition appear first
xo
Types of Hearing Protection Devices
• Ear muffs • Foam insert earplugs • Semi-aural سمعية earplugs
Audiometric Testing
■ Monitors employee's hearing over time. ■ Baseline audiogram must be performed within first 6 months of work exposure ( 8 hour TWA ≥ 85 dBA). ■ Annual audiograms are required each year after baseline audiogram. ■ Employer must pay for the cost of each required audiogram
